Wabaunsee County, Kansas

Wabaunsee County, Kansas
County
Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Newbury
Map of Kansas highlighting Wabaunsee County
Location in the U.S. state of Kansas
Map of the United States highlighting Kansas
Kansas's location in the U.S.
Founded 1859
Named for Chief Waubonsie
Seat Alma
Largest city Alma
Area
 • Total 800 sq mi (2,072 km2)
 • Land 794 sq mi (2,056 km2)
 • Water 5.3 sq mi (14 km2), 7%
Population (est.)
 • (2016) 6,891
 • Density 8.7/sq mi (3.4/km2)
Congressional district 1st
Time zone Central: UTC−6/−5
Website County Website

Wabaunsee County (standard abbreviation: WB) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 7,053.[1] Its county seat is Alma.[2] The county was created by the territorial legislature of Kansas Territory on March 25, 1859,[3] and was named for a chief of the Potawatomi Indians.[3]

History

Wabaunsee County Poor Farm, located 4 mi (6.4 km) south of Alma, 1901

19th century

For millennia, the land now known as Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. In 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. The first white settlers in the area were said to have been a band of outlaws known as the McDaniel Gang.[3]

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized and Wabaunsee County was created by the territorial legislature on March 25, 1859.[3] The name used since 1859 is derived from the Potawatomi "Wah-bon-seh", meaning "dawn of day" literally, and it was the name of the chief of the Potawatomi Indians.[3] Originally, the county was named Richardson, after William Alexander Richardson, a congressman from Illinois, who introduced the first Kansas and Nebraska Bill in the House of Representatives, which made certain Indian lands territories in 1854.[4]

Also in 1854, the Beecher Bible and Rifle Church was established by a group of free-staters, who had rifles shipped to the church to be used in the free-state effort in boxes marked Bibles.[3] Captain William Mitchell, Jr., a seaman who joined the Beecher Bible and Rifle Colony that settled in Wabaunsee, played an important role in the county settlement and with the underground railroad.[3]

The county's first church, Wabaunsee Church of Christ, was founded in June 1857.[3]

In 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state, entering the union as a free state.

1915 Railroad Map of Wabaunsee County

The first railroad to be built through Wabaunsee County was the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe in 1880.[5] In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a main line from Topeka to Herington.[6] This main line connected Topeka, Valencia, Willard, Maple Hill, Vera, Paxico, McFarland, Alma, Volland, Alta Vista, Dwight, White City, Latimer, Herington.

20th century

A massive drought beginning in 1930 resulted in a series of dust storms that lasted until 1941. The drought combined with the onset of the Great Depression, forced farmers off the land. This ecological disaster caused an exodus of many farmers to escape from the hostile environment of Kansas.[7][8] As the world demand for wheat plummeted, rural Kansas became poverty-stricken. The state became an eager participant in such major New Deal relief programs as the Civil Works Administration, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, which put tens of thousands of Kansans to work as unskilled labor.[9] Republican Governor Alf Landon also employed emergency measures, including a moratorium on mortgage foreclosures and a balanced budget initiative.[10] The Agricultural Adjustment Administration succeeded in raising wheat prices after 1933, thus alleviating the most serious distress.[11]

During World War II, Wabaunsee County had a POW camp where the Allies sent German POWs. It was believed that the prisoners would be less of a security risk in North America, where there were fewer Nazi sympathizers, than they would be in Europe. The prisoners were paid $0.40 per hour and granted a daily noon lunch, in exchange for their help on farms and bridges throughout the region.[12]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 800 square miles (2,100 km2), of which 794 square miles (2,060 km2) is land and 5.3 square miles (14 km2) (0.7%) is water.[13]

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18601,023—
18703,362228.6%
18808,756160.4%
189011,72033.9%
190012,8139.3%
191012,721−0.7%
192011,424−10.2%
193010,830−5.2%
19409,219−14.9%
19507,212−21.8%
19606,648−7.8%
19706,397−3.8%
19806,8677.3%
19906,603−3.8%
20006,8854.3%
20107,0532.4%
Est. 20166,891[14]−2.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
1790-1960[16] 1900-1990[17]
1990-2000[18] 2010-2016[1]
Age pyramid

Wabaunsee County is part of the Topeka, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of the census[19] of 2000, there were 6,885 people, 2,633 households, and 1,958 families residing in the county. The population density was 9 people per square mile (3/km²). There were 3,033 housing units at an average density of 4 per square mile (1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.24% White, 0.46% Black or African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.60% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. 1.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,633 households out of which 33.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.30% were married couples living together, 6.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.60% were non-families. 23.00% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the county, the population was spread out with 26.70% under the age of 18, 6.20% from 18 to 24, 26.70% from 25 to 44, 24.80% from 45 to 64, and 15.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $41,710, and the median income for a family was $47,500. Males had a median income of $31,629 versus $23,148 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,704. About 5.80% of families and 7.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.40% of those under age 18 and 7.90% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential elections

Presidential Elections Results
Presidential Elections Results[20]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2016 70.2% 2,372 23.0% 776 6.9% 232
2012 69.1% 2,256 28.1% 918 2.9% 93
2008 68.0% 2,395 29.4% 1,036 2.6% 90
2004 70.2% 2,531 27.8% 1,001 2.0% 72
2000 63.8% 2,182 30.0% 1,025 6.2% 213
1996 55.7% 1,884 28.6% 966 15.8% 534
1992 37.2% 1,254 25.2% 851 37.6% 1,269
1988 58.5% 1,737 39.3% 1,166 2.2% 64
1984 72.7% 2,276 25.7% 805 1.6% 49
1980 68.0% 2,255 25.7% 853 6.3% 209
1976 57.6% 1,921 40.6% 1,354 1.8% 61
1972 76.8% 2,461 20.7% 662 2.5% 80
1968 64.2% 1,979 22.5% 695 13.3% 410
1964 58.3% 1,839 40.8% 1,287 0.8% 26
1960 70.6% 2,351 29.1% 969 0.3% 11
1956 76.6% 2,650 23.2% 802 0.2% 6
1952 81.0% 3,182 18.7% 736 0.2% 9
1948 66.8% 2,437 31.9% 1,162 1.3% 49
1944 76.0% 2,839 23.4% 873 0.7% 26
1940 73.6% 3,481 25.6% 1,212 0.7% 34
1936 55.5% 2,809 44.2% 2,235 0.3% 15
1932 47.4% 2,304 50.7% 2,465 1.9% 93
1928 71.9% 3,099 27.6% 1,189 0.5% 23
1924 65.9% 2,742 15.2% 633 18.9% 786
1920 77.6% 2,859 21.2% 782 1.1% 42
1916 59.0% 2,640 38.1% 1,706 3.0% 132
1912 26.8% 783 38.6% 1,128 34.6% 1,009
1908 60.3% 1,849 37.9% 1,163 1.9% 57
1904 71.4% 2,016 24.4% 688 4.2% 118
1900 58.1% 1,793 40.9% 1,263 1.0% 32
1896 51.8% 1,586 47.1% 1,442 1.1% 34
1892 46.8% 1,356 53.2% 1,540
1888 62.5% 1,708 35.1% 960 2.3% 64

Wabaunsee County is overwhelmingly Republican. No Democratic Presidential candidate has won Wabaunsee County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and since at least 1888 only Roosevelt in 1932 and 1936, plus William Jennings Bryan in 1896, have reached 41 percent of the county’s vote for the Democratic Party. The county was however one of three Kansas counties – Anderson and Jefferson being the other two – to give a plurality to Ross Perot in 1992.

Laws

Wabaunsee County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 and voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30 percent food sales requirement.[21]

Education

Unified school districts

Communities

2005 KDOT Map of Wabaunsee County from KDOT (map legend)

Cities

Unincorporated communities

Ghost town

Townships

Wabaunsee County is divided into thirteen townships. None of the cities within the county are considered governmentally independent, and all figures for the townships include those of the cities. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Sources: 2000 U.S. Gazetteer from the U.S. Census Bureau.
TownshipFIPSPopulation
center		 PopulationPopulation
density
/km² (/sq mi)		 Land area
km² (sq mi)		Water area
km² (sq mi)		Water % Geographic coordinates
Alma01375Alma1,13711 (28)104 (40)0 (0)0%39°1′8″N 96°17′33″W / 39.01889°N 96.29250°W / 39.01889; -96.29250
Farmer231251191 (2)172 (66)0 (0)0.07%38°55′37″N 96°18′44″W / 38.92694°N 96.31222°W / 38.92694; -96.31222
Garfield25850Alta Visa5905 (13)118 (45)0 (0)0.09%38°51′44″N 96°27′20″W / 38.86222°N 96.45556°W / 38.86222; -96.45556
Kaw361502422 (6)110 (42)2 (1)1.55%39°10′16″N 96°9′46″W / 39.17111°N 96.16278°W / 39.17111; -96.16278
Maple Hill44525Maple Hill9305 (13)190 (73)1 (0)0.55%39°4′43″N 96°0′52″W / 39.07861°N 96.01444°W / 39.07861; -96.01444
Mill Creek46725Lake Wabaunsee2932 (4)192 (74)1 (0)0.43%38°53′23″N 96°11′23″W / 38.88972°N 96.18972°W / 38.88972; -96.18972
Mission Creek473004952 (6)209 (81)0 (0)0.04%38°55′49″N 96°3′0″W / 38.93028°N 96.05000°W / 38.93028; -96.05000
Newbury50275Paxico / McFarland1,0455 (13)203 (78)0 (0)0.06%39°3′44″N 96°11′18″W / 39.06222°N 96.18833°W / 39.06222; -96.18833
Plumb56800Harveyville6405 (13)129 (50)0 (0)0.17%38°47′56″N 95°58′36″W / 38.79889°N 95.97667°W / 38.79889; -95.97667
Rock Creek60650840 (1)171 (66)0 (0)0.05%38°46′58″N 96°18′15″W / 38.78278°N 96.30417°W / 38.78278; -96.30417
Wabaunsee74250Wabaunsee4553 (7)172 (66)2 (1)1.05%39°6′57″N 96°18′21″W / 39.11583°N 96.30583°W / 39.11583; -96.30583
Washington75800831 (1)148 (57)0 (0)0.02%38°57′49″N 96°25′14″W / 38.96361°N 96.42056°W / 38.96361; -96.42056
Wilmington79525Eskridge7725 (13)150 (58)0 (0)0.03%38°49′54″N 96°6′14″W / 38.83167°N 96.10389°W / 38.83167; -96.10389

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wabaunsee County, Kansas, Kansapedia. (accessed July 27, 2013)
  4. ↑ Wabaunsee County History.
  5. ↑ Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Volume 2. Standard Publishing Company. p. 853.
  6. ↑ Rock Island Rail History
  7. ↑ Timothy Eagan, The Worst Hard Tim : the Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl (Houghton Mifflin, 2006)
  8. ↑ Craig Miner,Next Year Country: Dust to Dust in Western Kansas, 1890-1940 (2007)
  9. ↑ Peter Fearon, "Kansas History and the New Deal Era," Kansas History, Autumn 2007, Vol. 30 Issue 3, pp 192-223
  10. ↑ Donald R. McCoy, Landon of Kansas (1966)
  11. ↑ Peter Fearon, "Regulation and Response: Kansas Wheat Farmers and the New Deal," Rural History, Oct 2007, Vol. 18 Issue 2, pp 245-264
  12. ↑ "Lake Wabaunsee". Lake Wabaunsee. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  13. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  14. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  15. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  17. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  18. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  19. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  20. ↑ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS
  21. ↑ "Map of Wet and Dry Counties". Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue. November 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2007-12-28.

Further reading

County
Historical
Maps

Coordinates: 38°58′N 96°11′W / 38.967°N 96.183°W / 38.967; -96.183

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