Yinchuan

Yinchuan
银川市 · یٍچُوًا شِ‬
Prefecture-level city
Top: View of downtown Qinshui area, Bottom upper left: A mosque in Yinchuan Homeland of Hui Culture Park, Bottom lower left: Yinchuan Drum Tower, Bottom right: Yinchuan West Pagoda

The territory of Yinchuan prefecture-level city (yellow) within Ningxia
Yinchuan
Location in China
Coordinates: 38°28′N 106°16′E / 38.467°N 106.267°E / 38.467; 106.267Coordinates: 38°28′N 106°16′E / 38.467°N 106.267°E / 38.467; 106.267
Country People's Republic of China
Region Ningxia
Government
 • Mayor Wang Rugui[1]
Area
 • Prefecture-level city 4,467 km2 (1,725 sq mi)
 • Urban (2018)[2] 492 km2 (190 sq mi)
 • Metro 2,045 km2 (790 sq mi)
Elevation 1,100 m (3,608 ft)
Population (2010 census)[3]
 • Prefecture-level city 1,993,088
 • Urban (2018)[4] 2,570,000
 • Urban density 5,200/km2 (14,000/sq mi)
 • Metro 1,290,170
 • Metro density 630/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code 750000
Area code(s) 0951
ISO 3166 code CN-NX-01
License plate prefixes 宁A
Website www.yinchuan.gov.cn (Chinese)
Yinchuan
"Yínchuān" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese 银川
Traditional Chinese 銀川
Hanyu Pinyin Yínchuān
Literal meaning "Silver River"

Yinchuan is the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China,[5] and historically it was the former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the Tanguts. It has an area of 4,467 km2 (1,725 sq mi) and a total population of 1.99 million. Its built-up area is home to 1,290,170 inhabitants spread between three urban districts.[6] The name of the city literally means "silver river".

Facing the Yellow River in the east, Yinchuan enjoys beautiful natural scenery and favorable conditions for agriculture and has long earned the fame of a "River Side City in the Northwest" and "Home to Fishes and Rice". Yinchuan is now the permanent site for China-Arab Expo which is an international platform for cultural and economic exchanges between China and Arab countries.

Demographics

Yinchuan is a center for the Muslim Hui people, who constitute a third of the population. Their influence is evident in everything from the city architecture, Arabic-Chinese road signs, and cuisine. About 500 mosques with different form and size can be seen in Yinchuan City.

History

Yinchuan was originally a county under the name of Fuping in the 1st century BCE; its name was changed to Huaiyuan in the 6th century CE. After the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907, it was occupied by the Tangut Western Xia Empire and was made the capital of the empire, also causing a mass immigration of the entire native Chinese population from their newly proclaimed capital.[7] After the destruction of the Xi-Xia dynasty by the Mongols in 1227, Yinchuan was mercilessly pillaged by the Mongols with its population totally slaughtered.[8][9] The Mongols called the city Iryai.

With the collapse of their empire, the native Tanguts of Yinchuan completely assimilated into the Han population as Lan-Yin speakers and largely continued remaining in this city. Genghis Khan died here in 1227, in a battle. Under the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) dynasties, it was a prefecture of Ningxia. During the Dungan revolt, Dungan forces massacred 100,000 people in Yinchuan.

In 1928, when the province of Ningxia was formed from part of Gansu, it became the capital city. In 1954, when Ningxia province was abolished, the city was put in Gansu province; but, with the establishment of the Ningxia Hui autonomous region in 1958, Yinchuan once again became the capital.

Traditionally, Yinchuan was an administrative and commercial center. In the 1950s it had many commercial enterprises, and there were some handicrafts but no modern industry. The city has since grown considerably. Extensive coal deposits discovered on the eastern bank of the Yellow River, near Shizuishan, 100 km (62 mi) to the north, have made Shizuishan a coal-mining center.

Yinchuan, however, remains largely non-industrial. The immediate plains area, intensively irrigated by a system developed as long ago as the Han (206 BC–AD 220) and Tang (618–907) dynasties, is extremely productive. Yinchuan is the chief agricultural market and distribution center for this area and also deals in animal products from the herds tended by nomads in the surrounding grasslands. It is a market for grain and has flour mills, as well as rice-hulling and oil-extraction plants. The wool produced in the surrounding plains supplies a woolen-textile mill.

On July 23, 1993, China Northwest Airlines Flight 2119 crashed into a lake and broke apart while attempting its second takeoff. At least 59 of the 113 persons aboard the craft were killed.[10]

Geography

Satellite image of Yinchuan

Yinchuan lies in the middle of the Yinchuan or Ningxia Plain. It is sheltered from the deserts of Mongolia by the high ranges of the Helan Mountains to its west. The Yellow River runs through Yinchuan from southwest to northeast. The average elevation of Yinchuan is 1,100 meters (about 3,608 feet). The urban center of Yinchuan lies about halfway between the Yellow River and the edge of Helan Mountains.

Climate

Yinchuan has a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk) with an annual rainfall of 186 mm (7.32 in). Yinchuan has distinct seasons, with dry, cold winters, late springs and short summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −7.9 °C (17.8 °F) in January to 23.5 °C (74.3 °F) in July, with the annual mean at 9.00 °C (48.2 °F). Diurnal temperature variation tends to be large due to the aridity, which also partly contributes to the sunny climate; with monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 63 percent in three months to 71 percent in November, the city receives 2,906 hours of bright sunshine annually. There are 158 frost-free days.

Administrative divisions

Map
Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Xiao'erjing Population
(2010)		 Area (km²) Density (/km²)
City proper
Xingqing District 兴庆区 Xīngqìng Qū سٍشٍ ﺛُﻮْ‬ 678,306 768 883
Jinfeng District 金凤区 Jīnfèng Qū دٍ ﻓْﻊ ﺛُﻮ‬ 282,554 290 974
Xixia District 西夏区 Xīxià Qū ثِشیَا ﺛُﻮ‬ 329,310 987 334
Satellite cities
Lingwu City 灵武市 Língwǔ Shì لٍءُ شِ‬ 261,677 4,639 56
Rural
Yongning County 永宁县 Yǒngníng Xiàn ﻳْﻮنٍ ﺷِﯿًﺎ‬ 218,260 1,295 169
Helan County 贺兰县 Hèlán Xiàn حْلً ﺷِﯿًﺎ‬ 222,981 1,600 139

Economy

The city's gross domestic product per capita was ¥31,436 (US$4,526) in 2008, ranking 197th of 659 Chinese cities. Its main industries are the production of Chinese wolfberry, wheat, apple, rice, and wine. In 2010, Yinchuan is officially assignment as the site for China-Arab States Cooperation Forum. It provides great opportunities for Yinchuan to develop as the business center for China and Arab States. In the national level, Yinchuan has been holding various events such as China-Arab States Expo, to function as a business bridge between China and Arab States.

Yinchuan classifies itself as a 'smart city', where modern technology is employed such as facial recognition for public transport payments, connected trash bins and digital citizen service centres.[12][13][14][15]

Transportation

Yinchuan Railroad station

Tourism

A mosque in Yinchuan.
Yinchuan Drum Tower

The city's attractions include the Sand-lake, the Western Xia tombs, and the China Western film Studios.

Sand Lake is 35 miles north of Yinchuan. Being a world of desert and lake, it is an ideal place for bird watching, sand slide and cableway slide. Appreciating reeds, lotus and fish are also popular.

The Western Xia Imperial Tombs are 15.5 miles west of Yinchuan on east side of Mt. Helan. Since June 1972, nine imperial tombs and 253 lesser tombs have been unearthed, which are as grand as Ming Tombs in Beijing. With a total area of more than 19.3 square miles, it is unique among royal burials.

China West Film Studio，which has been famed as 'One Superb in China, and Treasure of Ningxia Province'，is located at the east foot of the magnificent Helanshan Mountain，25 kilometers away from the Railway Station of Yinchuan City,48 kilometers away from the Hedong Airport. It produced The Herdsman, Red Sorghum, Lover's Grief over the Yellow River, New Dragon Gate Inn, Ashes of Time, A Chinese Odyssey, Qiao's Grand Courtyard (TV series) and other nearly one hundred films.

There are two pagodas in Yinchuan that are part of the 'Eight Famous Scenery of Ningxia': one is the Haibao Pagoda in the northern suburb and the other is the Chengtiansi Pagoda in the west.

It is also possible to see parts of the Great Wall which are located near the city.

Since 2000, Yinchuan has hosted the annual Yinchuan International Car and Motorcycle Tourism Festival, which usually occurs in August. It is the largest event of its kind in China; approximately 3000 motorcycles attend annually.

Colleges and universities

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Large Bearing Project of Schaeffler Group Started Construction in Yinchuan ETDZ" (Press release). Foreign Investment Administration, MOFCOM. 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2008-07-17. Wang Rugui, Mayor of Yinchuan on behalf of the CPC Committee of Yinchuan and the municipal government expressed the warm congratulation to [sic] the start of the project.
  2. ↑ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
  3. ↑ According to 2010 China National Census
  4. ↑ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
  5. ↑ "Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions". PRC Central Government Official Website. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
  6. ↑ 银川市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 (in Chinese). Yinchuan Municipal Bureau of Statistics ( 银川市统计局). 29 December 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2015. templatestyles stripmarker in |publisher= at position 42 (help)
  7. ↑ Jack Weatherford Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, p.85
  8. ↑ Mote, Frederick W. (1999). Imperial China: 900-1800. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 256. ISBN 0674012127.
  9. ↑ Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David, eds. (2002). The Territories of the People's Republic of China. London: Europa Publications. p. 215. ISBN 9780203403112.
  10. ↑ "July 23 Events in History at BrainyHistory.com".
  11. ↑ "Archived copy" 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  12. ↑ Dahad, Nitin (9 October 2016). "Yinchuan: China's leading smart city shows how government and technology can help improve the life of its citizens".
  13. ↑ "ZTE Partners with TM Forum and City of Yinchuan on Smart City Innovation Center".
  14. ↑ Guerrini, Federico. "Cities Cannot Be Reduced To Just Big Data And IoT: Smart City Lessons From Yinchuan, China".
  15. ↑ CNN, Daisy Carrington, for. "In Yinchuan, China, your face is your credit card".
  16. ↑ "Emirates Opens up New Gateways in Midwest China". Retrieved 13 December 2016.
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