Baoding
| Baoding 保定市 | |
|---|---|
| Prefecture-level city | |
 Yuhua West Road, Baoding | |
.png) Location of Baoding City jurisdiction in Hebei | |
  Baoding Location of the city centre in Hebei | |
| Coordinates: 38°52′N 115°28′E / 38.867°N 115.467°ECoordinates: 38°52′N 115°28′E / 38.867°N 115.467°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hebei |
| County-level divisions |
5 districts 4 county-level cities 15 counties |
| Township-level divisions |
28 subdistricts 142 towns 170 townships 3 ethnic townships |
| Area[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 22,185 km2 (8,566 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 326 km2 (126 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,840 km2 (710 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 25 m (83 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 2,286 m (7,500 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 7 m (23 ft) |
| Population (2010 census)[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 11,194,379[2] |
| • Urban | 1,157,891 |
| • Urban density | 3,600/km2 (9,200/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,176,857 |
| • Metro density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 071000 |
| Area code(s) | 0312 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HE-06 |
| License plate prefixes | 冀F |
| Website |
www |
Baoding (Chinese: 保定; pinyin: Bǎodìng) is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Beijing. At the 2010 census, Baoding City had 11,194,372 inhabitants out of which 2,176,857 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts and Qingyuan and Mancheng counties largely being conurbated, on 1,840 km2 (710 sq mi).[1] Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million, ranking seventh.[3]
History
Baoding is a city with a history dating back to the Western Han Dynasty. It was destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century, but after the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt. It acquired the name "Baoding" during the Yuan dynasty — the name is roughly interpreted as "protecting the capital", referring to the city's proximity to Beijing. Baoding served for many years as the capital of Zhili, and was a significant centre of culture in the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. During the Boxer rebellion, Boxer rebels killed a Turk, two Swiss, and an Italian in Baoding.
In August 1, 1949, the people's Government of Hebei province was established, Baoding was the capital of the province, and the city of Baoding was a provincial municipality. In August 9, the administrative inspector's office of the Baoding district was established, and it was established as the administrative inspector's office of the county district.
In May 1958, the capital of Hebei was moved to Tianjin.
In January 1966, the provincial capital was moved from Tianjin to Baoding.
In February 1968, the provincial capital moved to Shijiazhuang.
In December 1994, the Baoding area merged with Baoding to become a provincial city.
In April 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council issued a notice, decided to establish the Hebei Xiong a new area, which is another new area of national significance following the Shenzhen special economic zone and Shanghai Pudong New Area.
Geography
Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on the North China Plain, with the Taihang Mountains to the west. Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province are Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south. Baoding also borders Beijing to the northeast and Shanxi to the west.
Elevations in Baoding's administrative area decrease from northwest to southeast. The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) tall; this area includes parts of Laishui, Yi, Mancheng, Shunping, Tang and Fuping Counties as well as the entirety of Laiyuan County, occupying 30.6% of the prefecture's area.[1] The highest peak is Mount Waitou (歪头山), with an elevation of 2,286 metres (7,500 ft).[1] Moving southeast from this area, one encounters low-lying mountains and hills, taking up 18.9% of the prefecture's area.[1] Further to the east lies generally flat terrain of 30 to 100 metres (98 to 330 ft) elevation. Here the primary rivers are the Juma, Yishui (易水), Cao (漕河), Longquan (龙泉河), Tang (唐河), and Sha Rivers. Baiyangdian Lake, the largest natural lake in northern China, can be found nearby.
Climate
Baoding has a continental, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa),[4] characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn is similar to spring in temperature and lack of rainfall. The annual rainfall, about 60% of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable. In the city itself, this amount has averaged to a meagre 513 millimetres (20.2 in) per annum. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) in January to 26.8 °C (80.2 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 12.9 °C (55.2 °F). There are 2,500 to 2,900 hours of bright sunshine annually, and the frost-free period lasts 165−210 days.
| Climate data for Baoding (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
33.8 (92.8) |
37.8 (100) |
41.6 (106.9) |
41.6 (106.9) |
37.7 (99.9) |
34.3 (93.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
41.6 (106.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
21.3 (70.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
30.1 (86.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
20.0 (68) |
10.8 (51.4) |
4.1 (39.4) |
18.7 (65.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.2 (26.2) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
20.6 (69.1) |
25.4 (77.7) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −7.7 (18.1) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
1.3 (34.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.4 (70.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.6 (−3.3) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−17.9 (−0.2) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.0 (0.079) |
4.8 (0.189) |
8.0 (0.315) |
17.1 (0.673) |
32.6 (1.283) |
64.0 (2.52) |
172.2 (6.78) |
133.7 (5.264) |
43.1 (1.697) |
21.4 (0.843) |
10.5 (0.413) |
3.1 (0.122) |
512.5 (20.178) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 7.7 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 64.0 |
| Source: Weather China | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
Baoding prefecture-level city consists of 5 municipal districts, 4 county-level cities, 15 counties:
| Map | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||||||
| Division code[5] | English name | Simp. Chinese | Pinyin | Area in km2[6] | Seat | Postal code | Divisions[7] | ||||||
| Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | Ethnic townships | Residential communities (居委会) | Villages (村委会) | ||||||||
| 130600 | Baoding | 保定市 | Bǎodìng Shì | 22185 | Jingxiu District | 071000 | 28 | 142 | 170 | 3 | 389 | 6209 | |
| 130602 | Jingxiu District | 竞秀区 | Jìngxiù Qū | 149 | Xianfeng Subdistrict (先锋街道) | 071000 | 5 | 6 | 80 | 79 | |||
| 130603 | Lianchi District | 莲池区 | Liánchí Qū | 82 | Wusi Road Subdistrict (五四路街道) | 071000 | 10 | 7 | 91 | 121 | |||
| 130605 | Mancheng District | 满城区 | Mǎnchéng Qū | 658 | Huiyang Subdistrict (惠阳街道) | 072100 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 204 | ||
| 130606 | Qingyuan District | 清苑区 | Qīngyuán Qū | 856 | Qingyuan (清苑镇) | 071100 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 266 | |||
| 130607 | Xushui District | 徐水区 | Xúshuǐ Qū | 723 | Ansu (安肃镇) | 072500 | 7 | 7 | 15 | 304 | |||
| 130633 | Yi County | 易县 | Yì Xiàn | 2535 | Yizhou (易州镇) | 074200 | 9 | 18 | 1 | 7 | 469 | ||
| 130630 | Laiyuan County | 涞源县 | Láiyuán Xiàn | 2431 | Laiyuan (涞源镇) | 074300 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 285 | |||
| 130626 | Dingxing County | 定兴县 | Dìngxīng Xiàn | 714 | Dingxing (定兴镇) | 072600 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 274 | |||
| 130636 | Shunping County | 顺平县 | Shùnpíng Xiàn | 712 | Puyang (蒲阳镇) | 072200 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 237 | |||
| 130627 | Tang County | 唐县 | Táng Xiàn | 1414 | Renhou (仁厚镇) | 072300 | 7 | 13 | 8 | 345 | |||
| 130631 | Wangdu County | 望都县 | Wàngdū Xiàn | 358 | Wangdu (望都镇) | 072400 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 143 | |||
| 130623 | Laishui County | 涞水县 | Láishuǐ Xiàn | 1662 | Laishui (涞水镇) | 074100 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 284 | ||
| 130628 | Gaoyang County | 高阳县 | Gāoyáng Xiàn | 496 | Gaoyang (高阳镇) | 071500 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 170 | |||
| 130632 | Anxin County | 安新县 | Ānxīn Xiàn | 728 | Anxin (安新镇) | 071600 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 207 | |||
| 130638 | Xiong County | 雄县 | Xióng Xiàn | 513 | Xiongzhou (雄州镇) | 071800 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 223 | |||
| 130629 | Rongcheng County | 容城县 | Róngchéng Xiàn | 311 | Rongcheng (容城镇) | 071700 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 127 | |||
| 130634 | Quyang County | 曲阳县 | Qūyáng Xiàn | 1076 | Hengzhou (恒州镇) | 073100 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 367 | |||
| 130624 | Fuping County | 阜平县 | Fùpíng Xiàn | 2494 | Fuping (阜平镇) | 073200 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 209 | |||
| 130637 | Boye County | 博野县 | Bóyě Xiàn | 331 | Boye (博野镇) | 071300 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 133 | |||
| 130635 | Li County | 蠡县 | Lǐ Xiàn | 653 | Liwu (蠡吾镇) | 071400 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 232 | |||
| 130682 | Dingzhou City | 定州市 | Dìngzhōu Shì | 1284 | Nanchengqu Subdistrict (南城区街道) | 073000 | 3 | 17 | 5 | 1 | 31 | 486 | |
| 130681 | Zhuozhou City | 涿州市 | Zhuōzhōu Shì | 751 | Shuangta Subdistrict (双塔街道) | 072700 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 39 | 404 | ||
| 130683 | Anguo City | 安国市 | Ānguó Shì | 485 | Qizhouyaoshi Subdistrict (祁州药市街道) | 071200 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 198 | ||
| 130684 | Gaobeidian City | 高碑店市 | Gāobēidiàn Shì | 674 | Xinghua Road Subdistrict (兴华路街道) | 074000 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 19 | 442 | ||
| Xiong'an New Area | 雄安新区 | Xióng'ān Xīnqū | 106.46 | Rongcheng (容城镇) | |||||||||
| Note: Baoding New High Technology Product Development Zone (保定高新技术产业开发区) includes Damafang Township (大马坊乡) of Jingxiu District and Jiantai Township (贤台乡) of Mancheng District; the Baigou New City (白沟新城) includes Baigou Town (白沟镇) of Gaobeidian City. | |||||||||||||
- Dissolved districts: Beishi District and Nanshi District
Demographics
| Division name | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence population[8] (November 2010) | Hukou population[9] (end of 2010) | |||
| Total | Ratio (%) | Population density (persons/km2) | ||
| Baoding City | 11,194,379 | 100 | 504.55 | 11610199 |
| Xinshi District | 482,768 | 4.31 | 2540.88 | 459038 |
| Beishi District | 387,339 | 3.46 | 5164.52 | 322205 |
| Nanshi District | 287,784 | 2.57 | 2877.84 | 279725 |
| Mancheng County | 387,307 | 3.46 | 615.75 | 411417 |
| Qingyuan County | 631,659 | 5.64 | 728.56 | 648645 |
| Laishui County | 339,063 | 3.03 | 204.50 | 352993 |
| Fuping County | 205,299 | 1.83 | 82.28 | 223846 |
| Xushui County | 563,030 | 5.03 | 778.74 | 586104 |
| Dingxing County | 517,873 | 4.63 | 725.31 | 585913 |
| Tang County | 529,066 | 4.73 | 373.37 | 590575 |
| Gaoyang County | 345,160 | 3.08 | 695.89 | 340163 |
| Rongcheng County | 258,179 | 2.31 | 822.23 | 265389 |
| Laiyuan County | 260,678 | 2.33 | 106.49 | 283537 |
| Wangdu County | 250,014 | 2.23 | 781.29 | 265525 |
| Anxin County | 437,378 | 3.91 | 604.11 | 440817 |
| Yi County | 537,564 | 4.80 | 212.14 | 570806 |
| Quyang County | 588,559 | 5.26 | 542.95 | 610065 |
| Li County | 505,574 | 4.52 | 775.42 | 532322 |
| Shunping County | 295,764 | 2.64 | 417.75 | 317484 |
| Boye County | 245,504 | 2.19 | 741.70 | 268941 |
| Xiong County | 359,506 | 3.21 | 686.08 | 375470 |
| Zhuozhou City | 603,535 | 5.39 | 813.39 | 645542 |
| Dingzhou City | 1,165,182 | 10.41 | 914.59 | 1214852 |
| Anguo City | 370,314 | 3.31 | 761.96 | 409834 |
| Gaobeidian City | 640,280 | 5.72 | 938.83 | 608991 |
| Note: The 58,709 people residing in Baoding High Technology Product Development Zone and the 124,274 in the Baigou New City are not listed separately. | ||||
According to the 2010 Census, the residence population stood at 11,194,379, an increase of 605,100 (5.71%) from 2000. The male-female ratio was 101.94:100. Children aged up to 14 numbered 1,915,800 (17.11% of the population), citizens 15 to 64 numbered 8,370,600 (74.78%), and 65+ numbered 908,000 (8.11%). The urban area of Baoding has a population of around 1,006,000 (2009). The overwhelming majority of the population is Han Chinese. The language of Baoding is Mandarin Chinese — specifically, the Baoding dialect of Ji-Lu Mandarin. Despite Baoding's proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to the Beijing dialect — rather, it is more closely related to Tianjin dialect.
Economy
Baoding is located in the centre of the Bohai Rim economic area which includes Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang. One of the largest employers in Baoding is China Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China.[10] And, Yingli group, 2010 World Cup sponsor, has its headquarters in Baoding, who is the Global Top 10 solar panel manufacturer. More renowned companies include ZhongHang HuiTeng Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd (Wind Turbine), Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd (Transformer) and Great Wall Motor.
In April 2017, an area in Baoding was designated as a Xiong'an New Area, a development zone of initially 100 sq km and up to 2000 sq km, the site of what will eventually be a new city and the hub of the Beijing-Tinajin-Hebei development area.
Renewable energy
Baoding city has one of China's biggest plants which manufacture blades used in wind turbine generators, catering mainly to the domestic market. Tianwei Wind Power Technology is one of the three main plants in Baoding that produces wind turbine generators. It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008, and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010. Nevertheless Baoding is currently listed as the most polluted city in China.[11]
Transport
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Baoding has good connections to other cities, being located on one of the main routes in and out of Beijing. The Jingshi Expressway connects the two cities, and Baoding is also the western terminus of the Baojin Expressway linking Baoding with Tianjin, which is one out of two nearest ports (Huanghua is the other one). The Jingguang Railway provides frequent services to Beijing West Railway Station. On 30 December 2012, a new Baoding station was opened, while the old train station was closed for passengers.[12] Baoding East railway station lies 9.5 km (5.9 mi)to the east on the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway.
Military
Baoding is headquarters of the 38th Mechanized Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Beijing Military Region responsible for defending the PRC capital.
Culture
Perhaps the best-known item to supposedly originate in Baoding are Baoding Balls, which can be used to relax one's keyboard hand and strengthen one's wrist. The most famous local specialty food is the Donkey Burger (驴肉火烧).
Anxin County is home to the Quantou Village Music Association (圈头村音乐会), a well known traditional music group performing on guan (oboes), sheng (mouth organs), and percussion. The village of Quantou is located on an island in Lake Baiyangdian.
The city's streets follow a rough grid pattern, although this is less obvious in the older part of the city. The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city's centre to its eastern edge — most of Baoding's historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres. Other major streets include Dongfeng Road and Chaoyang Avenue. There is a ring road around the city.
Baoding is home to Hebei University, North China Electric Power University with other 3 universities and 12 colleges.
Historic sites
Baoding contains a number of notable historic sites. In the city proper, there can be found a historic provincial governor's mansion and an ancient lotus garden. In the hills to the northwest of the city, near the suburb of Mancheng, there are the Mancheng Han Tombs, where Prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan were buried.
The greater Baoding administrative area has 16 designated state-level cultural relics:
- Yan State Capital Relics (475BC-221BC, Yixian County)
- Great Wall at Zijinguan Pass (1368–1644, Yixian County and Laiyuan County)
- Stele of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching (618-907, Yixian County)
- Western Qing Tombs (1730–1915, Yixian County)
- Geyuan Temple (916-1125, Laiyuan County)
- Ciyun Pavilion (1306, Dingxing County)
- Yicihui Stone Pillar (550-577, Dingxing County)
- Kaiyuan Temple (960-1127, Dingzhou County)
- Kaishan Temple (618-907, Gaobeidian County)
- Dingzhou Porcelain Kiln Relic (960-1127, Quyang County)
- Beiyue Temple (386-543, Quyang County)
- Jin-cha-ji Border Region Headquarters Ruins (1938, Fuping County)
- Ranzhuang Underground Tunnel (1937–1945, Qingyuan County)
- Mancheng Han Tombs (154BC-113BC, Mancheng County)
- Zhili Provincial Governor Office (1730–1911, Baoding)
- Historical Site of the Baoding Military Academy (1902–1923)
Notable people
- Fan Hongbin—gymnast, Olympic silver medalist in 1996 Summer Olympics
- Fan Ye—gymnast, 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships balance beam gold medalist
- Guo Jingjing—diver and Olympic gold medalist in 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics
- Qian Hong—swimmer and Olympic gold medalist in 1992 Summer Olympics
- Shi Changxu—materials scientist, recipient of the 2010 State Preeminent Science and Technology Award
- Tie Ning—author, president of the China Writers Association
- Wei Jianjun—billionaire, chairman of Great Wall Motors[13]
- Yan Su—Chinese playwright and lyricist
Sister city
Gallery
- Images from Baoding
Temple in the centre of old Baoding
Part of Yuhua Road, the main street of old Baoding
Arch on Yuhua Road, old Baoding
An intersection in Yuhua Road's shopping district
A civic monument
A public park
A public park
Baoding Cathedral
Baoding Railway Station
Baoding city buses before 2007
Baoding in the evening
Old Baoding Railway station
Old Baoding Railway Station
Baoding Old Quarter
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Archived copy" 概况 (in Chinese). Baoding People's Government. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
- ↑ http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-hebei-admin.php
- ↑ 最新中国城市人口数量排名（根据2010年第六次人口普查）. www.elivecity.cn. 2012. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
- ↑ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633-1644. ISSN 1027-5606.
- ↑ 国家统计局统计用区划代码 Archived 2012-04-07 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ 《保定经济统计年鉴2011》
- ↑ 《中国民政统计年鉴2012》
- ↑ 《保定市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报》
- ↑ 《中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料2010》
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
- ↑ "China names 10 most polluted cities". Retrieved 2016-10-08.
- ↑ "Baoding new railway station". Retrieved 2013-01-03.
- ↑ "Wei Jianjun". Forbes. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ↑ "Interactive City Directory". Sister Cities International. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
- Preston, Diana (2000). The Boxer Rebellion: The Dramatic Story of China's War on Foreigners That Shook the World in the Summer of 1900 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 0802713610. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
External links
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