he
English
Alternative forms
- hee (obsolete)
Etymology 1
From Middle English he, from Old English hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
he (third-person singular, masculine, nominative case, oblique him, reflexive himself, possessive his)
- (personal) A male person or animal already known or implied.
- (personal, sometimes proscribed, see usage notes) A person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant.
- The rulebook clearly states that "if any student is caught cheating, he will be expelled", and you were caught cheating, were you not, Anna?
- (personal) An animal whose gender is unknown.
Usage notes
- He was traditionally used as both a masculine and a gender-neutral pronoun, but since the mid 20th century generic usage has sometimes been considered sexist and limiting.[1][2] It is deprecated by some style guides, such as Wadsworth.[3] In place of generic he, writers and speakers may use he or she, alternate he and she as the indefinite person, use the singular they, or rephrase sentences to use plural they.
Synonyms
Quotations
- For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:he.
Derived terms
Translations
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See also
personal pronoun | possessive pronoun | possessive determiner | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
subjective | objective | reflexive | |||||
first person | singular | I | me | myself | mine | my mine (before vowels, archaic) | |
plural | we | us | ourselves ourself | ours | our | ||
second person | singular | standard | you | you | yourself | yours yourn (obsolete outside dialects) | your |
archaic, informal | thou | thee | thyself theeself | thine | thy thine (before vowels) | ||
plural | standard | you you all ye (archaic) | you you all | yourselves | yours yourn (obsolete outside dialects) | your | |
informal / dialectal | (see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries) | ||||||
third person | singular | masculine | he | him | himself hisself (archaic) | his hisn (obsolete outside dialects) | his |
feminine | she | her | herself | hers hern (obsolete outside dialects) | her | ||
neuter | it | it | itself | its his (archaic) | its his (archaic) | ||
genderless | they | them | themself, themselves | theirs | their | ||
genderless, nonspecific (formal) |
one | one | oneself | – | one's | ||
plural | they | them | themselves | theirs theirn (obsolete outside dialects) | their |
References
- “he” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- When Words Collide: A Media Writer's Guide to Grammar and Style (2007, →ISBN
- The Pocket Wadsworth Handbook, 2009 MLA Update Edition →ISBN, page 81: [A]void using the generic he or him when your subject could be either male or female. [...] Sexist: Before boarding, each passenger should make certain that he has his ticket. / Revised: Before boarding, passengers should make certain that they have their tickets.
Noun
he (plural hes)
Etymology 2
Transliteration of various Semitic letters, such as Phoenician 𐤄 (h), Hebrew ה (h) and Syriac ܗ (h, “hē”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /heɪː/
Noun
he
- The name of the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).
- 1658, Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus, Folio Society 2007, page 210:
- The same number in the Hebrew mysteries and Cabalistical accounts was the character of Generation; declared by the Letter He, the fifth in their Alphabet.
- 1988, Christina Pribićević-Zorić, translating Milorad Pavić, Dictionary of the Khazars, Vintage 1989, p. 7:
- This Nehama claimed that in his own hand he recognized the consonant “he” of his Hebrew language, and in the letter “vav” his own male soul.
- 1658, Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus, Folio Society 2007, page 210:
Translations
See also
- Appendix:Hebrew alphabet
Further reading
He (letter) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Aukan
Classical Nahuatl
Etymology
A natural expression.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [é]
Interjection
he
- an expression of physical pain; ouch.
- 1571: Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 22r. col. 1.
- He. o. interjection del / que ſequexa con do / lor.
- He. ouch, and interjection used by one complaining in pain.
- He. o. interjection del / que ſequexa con do / lor.
- 1571: Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 22r. col. 1.
References
- Alonso de Molina (1571) Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Editorial Porrúa, page 22r
Danish
Esperanto
Derived terms
- he ho
Fasu
Synonyms
- hi (Namumi)
References
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
- Eunice Loeweke, Jean May, General grammar of Fasu (Namo Me) (1980)
- Eunice Loeweke, Jean May, Fasu Namo Me dictionary (1981, digitized 2006)
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *hek, from Proto-Finno-Permic *sej. Cognates include Northern Sami sii.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhe/, [ˈhe̞]
- Rhymes: -e
- Hyphenation: he
(file)
Usage notes
- In standard Finnish, he is practically never omitted, despite the verb showing both the person and the number. (compare the usage of hän, "she" / "he")
Declension
- Irregular. The comitative and instructive forms don't exist; the abessive is hardly used.
- In addition to the standard set of cases, he and other personal pronouns have a specific accusative form; heidät.
Declension of he
|
Etymology 2
Declension
Inflection of he (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | he | het | |
genitive | hen | heiden heitten | |
partitive | hetä | heitä | |
illative | hehen | heihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | he | het | |
accusative | nom. | he | het |
gen. | hen | ||
genitive | hen | heiden heitten | |
partitive | hetä | heitä | |
inessive | hessä | heissä | |
elative | hestä | heistä | |
illative | hehen | heihin | |
adessive | hellä | heillä | |
ablative | heltä | heiltä | |
allative | helle | heille | |
essive | henä | heinä | |
translative | heksi | heiksi | |
instructive | — | hein | |
abessive | hettä | heittä | |
comitative | — | heineen |
German Low German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Saxon hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hɛɪ̯/
Pronoun
he m (genitive sin, dative 1 em, dative 2 en, dative 3 jüm, accusative 1 em, accusative 2 en)
- (in some dialects, including, Münsterländisch, Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian and Low Prussian, personal) he (third-person singular masculine pronoun)
- (Low Prussian) He ös to lat.
- He is too late.
- (Low Prussian) He ös to lat.
Usage notes
- Which dative is employed depends on dialect, not on function.
- Some dialects might consider any of the inflected forms obsolete.
Further reading
- G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, 1861. The text has dative em and accusative em and en, and on page 22 the author notes: "Hier und in vielen Fällen steht der Dativ em statt des Accusativ en (ihm statt ihn) nach der Bequemlichkeit, die sich diese Mundart erlaubt." (Here and in many other places stands the dative em instead of the accusative en ...)
Hawaiian
Etymology
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /he/, /hɛ/
Kikuyu
Etymology
Hinde (1904) records kuha as an equivalent of English give in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also Swahili kupa, etc. as its equivalents.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hɛ/
Derived terms
(Proverbs)
- mwana ndaheanagwo
Related terms
(Nouns)
- kĩhe(e)o class 7
- maheeo class 6
References
- Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 26–27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 361. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
Lakota
Particle
he
- question-marking particle used by females in formal speech
- Mázaškaŋškaŋ tóna he? ― what time is it?
Mandarin
Romanization
he
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /heː/
Usage notes
In addition to referring to male humans and animals, this pronoun was used for inanimate objects belonging to the masculine grammatical gender early in Middle English. As grammatical gender obsolesced, this pronoun continued to refer to inanimate objects.
References
- “he, (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 6 May 2018.
Alternative forms
Etymology 2
From Old English hīe, hī.
See also
References
- “he, pron. (3)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 June 2018.
Etymology 3
References
- “he, pron. (2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 10 June 2018.
Middle Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
- (originally) IPA(key): /heː/
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en; ehnen, ohnen, öhnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
North Frisian
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /heː/
Pronoun
Declension
1st person | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | iċ | wit | wē |
Accusative | mē, meċ | unc | ūs |
Genitive | mīn | uncer | ūre |
Dative | mē | unc | ūs |
2nd person | Singular | Dual | Plural |
Nominative | þū | ġit | ġē |
Accusative | þē, þeċ | inc | ēow |
Genitive | þīn | incer | ēower |
Dative | þē | inc | ēow |
3rd person | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | hē | hēo | hit |
Accusative | hine | hīe | hit |
Genitive | his | hiere | his |
Dative | him | hiere | him |
Plural | |||
Nominative | hīe | ||
Accusative | hīe | ||
Genitive | heora | ||
Dative | him |
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *hiz.
Declension
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Portuguese
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English he, from Old English hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hi/, /hɪ/
- Rhymes: -iː
Spanish
Etymology 1
From Arabic هَا (hā); related to Portuguese eis.
Usage notes
Etymology 2
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the main entry.
Turkish
Etymology 1
See also
Etymology 2
Westrobothnian
Etymology 1
From Old Norse þat n, from Proto-Germanic *þat (neuter of *sa (“that”)), from Proto-Indo-European *tód (neuter of *só (“that”)). Akin to English that.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [he], [hɛ] (example of pronunciation)
Usage notes
The prepositions å/a, fyri, i, ti, åt/at, wä/ve, fȯr, onna and unnär govern the accusative for direction, and dative for location or relation, while diss is used like the when comparing things.
Etymology 2
Contraction of hȯrä or hvo.
Etymology 3
From Old Norse hefja, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną.