þu
Gothic
Middle English
References
- “thou, (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 5 May 2018.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Armenian դու (du), Old Frisian thu, Old Saxon þu (Low German du), Old High German thū (German du), Old Norse þú, Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu), Latin tu (French and Italian tu, Spanish tú), Greek σύ (sý), Lithuanian tù, Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty) (Russian ты (ty)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θuː/
Inflection
Old English personal pronouns
| 1st person | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | iċ | wit | wē |
| Accusative | mē, meċ | unc | ūs |
| Genitive | mīn | uncer | ūre |
| Dative | mē | unc | ūs |
| 2nd person | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | þū | ġit | ġē |
| Accusative | þē, þeċ | inc | ēow |
| Genitive | þīn | incer | ēower |
| Dative | þē | inc | ēow |
| 3rd person | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | hē | hēo | hit |
| Accusative | hine | hīe | hit |
| Genitive | his | hiere | his |
| Dative | him | hiere | him |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | hīe | ||
| Accusative | hīe | ||
| Genitive | heora | ||
| Dative | him |
Old Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Declension
Old Swedish personal pronouns
| first person | second person | reflexive | third person | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | ||||||
| nominative | iak, iæk | þū | — | han | hōn | þæt |
| accusative | mik | þik | sik | han | hana, hōna | þæt |
| dative | mǣr, mik | þǣr, þik | sǣr, sik | hōnum, hānum | hænni | þȳ, þī |
| genitive | mīn | þīn | sīn | hans | hænna(r) | þæs |
| dual | ||||||
| nominative | vit | it | — | — | — | — |
| accusative | oker | *iker | sik | — | — | — |
| dative | oker | *iker | sǣr, sik | — | — | — |
| genitive | okar | *ikar | sīn | — | — | — |
| plural | ||||||
| nominative | vī(r) | ī(r) | — | þē(r) | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
| accusative | os, ōs | iþer | sik | þā | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
| dative | os, ōs | iþer | sǣr, sik | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom |
| genitive | vār | iþar | sīn | þēra | þēra | þēra |
Descendants
- Swedish: du
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