er

Mimetic (sound of hesitation)

• IPA^(key): /ɜː/
• Used in non-rhotic dialects. Compare uh.

• Audio (US)

  (file)

er

1. Said when hesitating in speech.

er (third-person singular simple present ers, present participle erring, simple past and past participle erred)

1. (informal) To utter the word "er" when hesitating in speech, found almost exclusively in the phrase um and er.

   He ummed and erred his way through the presentation.

• ah
• uh
• um

• 're, -'re, RE, Re, Ré, r.e., re, re-

er (plural erre or ers, diminutive erretjie)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Cognate with German er.

er m

1. (personal) he; it

er

1. e (preposition "in") + ur (indefinite article "a(n)")
2. e (preposition "in") + ar (definite article "the")

• IPA^(key): [eːɹ]

From Proto-Celtic *eriros (“eagle”) (compare Breton erer, Welsh eryr, Old Irish irar), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“large bird”).

er (an eagle)

er m (plural eryon or eres)

1. eagle

er m (plural erys)

1. heir

See the etymology of the main entry.

er

1. Soft mutation of ger.

er

1. every

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛr]

er n

1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.

• er in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• er in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/, [æɐ̯], but often elided in spontaneous speech.

er

1. present of være

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/, /ər/, /dər/

Weak form of der, the unstressed form of daar ("there")

er

1. there (unspecific to distance)
2. (with a preposition) him, her, it, them.

   Ik heb ermee gewerkt.

   I have worked with it/them.

   Je kunt er de bergen boven zien.

   You can see the mountains above it/them.

• Er is an unstressed variety of hier and daar, used when it is not needed to emphasize the specific location relative to the speaker.
• With a preposition, er is used instead of hem, haar, het, ze to create a pronominal adverb. See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.

From Old Dutch iro, genitive of the personal pronoun (3rd person plural).

er

1. (partitive pronoun) of them, of those (often not translated in English)

   Mijn broer heeft drie kinderen en ik heb er twee.

   My brother has three children and I have two. (literally: two of those)

   Ik zie er geen meer.

   I don't see any more (of them).

• ervan

See Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs

• daar
• hier
• waar

• er zijn

• re

er

1. water

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

• IPA^(key): /eːɹ/

er

1. third-person singular indicative present of at vera
   • hann er skipari

     he is a captain/skipper

   • hon er úr Føroyum

     she is from the Faroe Islands

   • tað er í ordan

     it's alright

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Displaced the northern Old High German forms with h-, e.g. hē, her (see he).

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ʔeːɐ̯/, /ʔɛʁ/

• pronunciation 1

  (file)

• pronunciation 2

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːɐ̯
• Homophone: Ehr

• (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /ɐ/

er

1. (personal) he.

   (file)

   Wo ist Klaus? Wo ist er?

   Where is Klaus? Where is he?

   • Clemens Brentano, Geschichte vom braven Kasperl und dem schönen Annerl (edited). In: 1835, F. W. Gubitz (editor), Jahrbuch des Nützlichen und Unterhaltenden für 1835, p. 171:

     Da fuhr die Alte überraſcht auf und ſprach: Lieber Herr, gehe er doch nach Haus und bete er fein und lege er ſich ſchlafen.

2. (personal) it (when the grammatical gender of the object/article/thing/animal etc., being referred to, is masculine (der)).

   (file)

   Dies ist mein Hund. Er heißt Waldi.

   This is my dog. His name is Waldi.

   (file)

   Dort steht ein Baum. Er ist über hundert Jahre alt.

   There stands a tree. It is more than 100 years old.

¹Often capitalized, especially in letters

In contemporary German, the genitive forms of personal pronouns are restricted to formal style and are infrequent even then. They may be used

• for the genitive object still found in a handful of verbs: Ich erbarmte mich seiner. – "I had mercy on him". (Colloquially one would either use the dative case, or a prepositional object, or replace the verb with another.)
• after the preposition statt ("instead of, in place of"): Ich kam statt seiner in die Mannschaft. – I joined the team in his place. (This sounds antiquated, for which reason an seiner Statt or an seiner Stelle is preferable.)

• er in Duden online

• ëyer (Wiesemann spelling system)

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Displaced the northern Old High German forms with h-, e.g. hē, her (see he).

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛɐ/

er

1. he

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

er

1. First-person singular indicative present form of vera.

   Ég er skemmtilegur.

   I am fun (masculine)

   Hver er ég?

   Who am I?

2. Third-person singular indicative present form of vera.

   Veit einhver hvar pabbi minn er?

   Does anybody know where my dad is?

   Hver er hann?

   Who is he?

er

1. (relative) which

   Maður er sá, er Jón heitir.

   There is a man who is named John.

   Konan, er hann var að tala við.

   The woman to whom he was talking.

   Þetta er borgin, er hann kom frá.

   This is the city from which he originated.

   Bærinn, er hún ætlar til.

   The town to which she's heading.

2. (archaic) in relations with a demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these) or personal pronoun (I, we, they), which represents the genitive of a relative pronoun.

   Það er sú bók, er menn þekkja eigi höfund hennar.

   There is a book whose author people don't know.

er

1. (with an "indexical"; ábendingarorð) of a place, of a time
   • Judges 2:19

     En er dómarinn andaðist, breyttu þeir að nýju verr en feður þeirra, með því að elta aðra guði til þess að þjóna þeim og falla fram fyrir þeim. Þeir létu eigi af gjörðum sínum né þrjóskubreytni sinni.

     But when the judge died, the people returned to ways even more corrupt than those of their ancestors, following other gods and serving and worshiping them. They refused to give up their evil practices and stubborn ways.

   Þar er ég kom.

   There whence I came.

   Þá er myndin var búin.

   When the movie was finished.

• þá er þegar

• er in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

From Proto-Italic *hēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”) (whence also Ancient Greek χήρ (khḗr, “hedgehog”)), a root noun from *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, be bristly”), whence also Ancient Greek χοῖρος (khoîros, “young pig”) and Albanian derr (“pig”) from *ǵʰór-yos.[1]

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eːr/
• Rhymes: -aːs

ēr m (genitive ēris); third declension

1. hedgehog

There is some uncertainty as to the exact forms of this word, especially regarding whether the lemma form of this was ēr or ēris, as the forms attested in literature could point to either option. Another form, irim (acc. sing.; found in Plautus, Capt. 184), seems to be a spelling variant.

Third declension.

• ēricius (“hedgehog; picket”)

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /er/, [ɛr]

er (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter R.

• Multiple Latin names for the letter R, r have been suggested. The most common is er or a syllabic r, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, rē, rrr, ər, rə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιρρε (irrhe).

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

• ēr in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ēr in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

• IPA^(key): [ɛɾ]

er m (invariable)

1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter R/r.

• Latvian letter names:

  a (A), garais ā (Ā), bē (B), cē (C), čē (Č), dē (D), e (E), garais ē (Ē), ef (F), gā (G), ģē (Ģ), hā (H), i (I), garais ī (Ī), jē (J), kā (K), ķē (Ķ), el (L), eļ (Ļ), em (M), en (N), eņ (Ņ), o (O), pē (P), er (R), es (S), eš (Š), tē (T), u (U), garais ū (Ū), vē (V), zē (Z), žē (Ž)

er

1. Alternative spelling of ehr

er

1. water

• Mambai Language Manual: Ainaro Dialect (2001)

er

1. Nonstandard spelling of ér.
2. Nonstandard spelling of ěr.
3. Nonstandard spelling of èr.

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

From Old Irish for.

er

1. on
2. onto
3. during
4. for

er

1. 3rd person singular of er

   on him/it

• ersyn (emphatic)

er

1. unstressed form of dāer

er

1. Alternative form of hire

er

1. Alternative form of hire

• “hir, (pron.1)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 10 May 2018.

er

1. Alternative form of hire

• “hir(e), pron (2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 10 June 2018.

From Old English ēar.

er

1. Alternative form of eere (“ear of grain”)

er

1. Alternative form of here (“their”)

• “her(e (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 June 2018.

• IPA^(key): /æːɾ/, /æɾ/

er

1. present of være (=to be)

• IPA^(key): /æːr/ (example of pronunciation)

er

1. present tense of vera and vere
2. is, are, am (present of to be)

   Boka er skriven. ― The book is written

   Bøkene er skrivne. ― The books are written.

   Eg er framand. ― I am a stranger.

• “vera” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “er på engelsk”, in DinOrdbok, Nynorsk-engelsk oversettelse‎, accessed 2018-10-15

From Proto-Germanic *airiz.

ēr

1. previously, in an earlier period, in a bygone time
2. earlier, before a certain time or period

• Middle Dutch: êer

• “ēr (I)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

ēr

1. before, earlier than

• Middle Dutch: êer
  • Dutch: eer
  • Limburgish: ieër

• “ēr (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

ēr

1. ere, afore

• Middle Dutch: êer
  • Dutch: eer
  • Limburgish: ieër

• “ēr (III)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

er

1. he

• West Frisian: er

From Proto-Germanic *airiz, whence also Old English ær.

• IPA^(key): /eːr/

ēr

1. early

ēr

1. ere, before
2. formerly

ēr

1. before, until

ēr (+ dative)

1. before

From Proto-Germanic *aiz, akin to Old English ār, Old Norse eir.

• IPA^(key): /eːr/

ēr n

1. ore
2. brass

• Middle High German: er
  • Alemannic German: Eer
    • ⇒ Alemannic German: eerig
• ⇒ Old High German: ērīn
  • Middle High German: ērīn
    • German: ehern

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”), akin to Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is, “he”), Latin is (“he”).

• her

• IPA^(key): /er/

er

1. he

• Middle High German: ër
  • Alemannic German:
    • High Alemannic: er, är
      • Bernese: är
      • Lucerne: aer
      • Northeastern: ar
    • Highest Alemannic:
      • Walser: är
    • Low Alemannic:
      • Alsatian: ar, er, ër
      • Badisch: er
    • Swabian: er, ear
      • Swabian Jura: ear
  • Bavarian: er
    • Cimbrian: èar, ar
  • Central Franconian:
    • Hunsrik: er, ëyer
    • Moselle Franconian: er
  • East Central German:
    • High Prussian: er
      • Lusatian: ar
      • South Marchian:
        • Berlinerisch: ea
    • Silesian German:
      • Lower Silesian German: a
      • North Moravian: ar
      • Upper Silesian German: a
    • Thuringian: er
      • Central Thuringian: er
      • West Thuringian: aa
    • Upper Saxon: är
      • Erzgebirgisch: aorr
      • Meißnisch: är
      • Osterländisch: är
  • German: er
  • East Franconian: er, ea
    • Main Franconian: ar
    • South Franconian: er
  • Rhine Franconian:
    • Hessian:
      • Upper Hessian: er
    • Lorraine Franconian: ér, éa
    • Palatine German: er
    • Pennsylvania German: er
  • Yiddish: ער‎ (er)

• Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

From Old Norse es. The final -s was replaced by -r due to analogy to the plural forms of vera.

er

1. who, which, that

er

1. where
2. when

er

1. third-person singular indicative present tense of vera

• Faroese: er
• Icelandic: er
• Westrobothnian: -es

• er in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

• IPA^(key): /ɛːr/

From Proto-Germanic *airiz, whence also Old English ær.

ēr

1. early

ēr

1. before, ere
2. formerly

ēr

1. before

ēr (+ dative)

1. before

From Proto-Germanic *aiz, whence also Old English ār.

ēr ?

1. copper, bronze
2. ore

• Middle Low German: ēr

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/

er

1. genitive plural of era

er

1. (South Scots) Second-person simple present form of ti be
2. (South Scots) Plural simple present form of ti be
3. (South Scots) First-person singular simple present form of an obscure form of ti be

   A'm er so!

Used emphatically. See ir.

Contraction of earlier eder, from Old Norse yðr, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

• IPA^(key): /eːr/

er c (neuter possessive only ert, plural era)

1. you (plural, object)
2. (possessive) your, yours; (speaking to more than one person, about one object)

   Synonym: eran (informal)

3. (reflexive) reflexive of ni; compare yourselves

   Skulle ni vilja lära er jonglera?

   Would you guys like to learn how to juggle?

• See ni for a note on its use as a courteous 2nd person singular.
• Even though er (2) and its archaic form eder is the possessive pronoun, it does have a genitive form ers and eders, which is only used in expressions like ers majestät (your majesty) and ers höghet (your highness).

From Old Turkic er‎ (er), from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r (“early”).

er

1. (regionalism) early

From Old Turkic er‎ (er), from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Related to noun-forming suffix -er.

er (definite accusative eri, plural erler)

1. brave
2. man, male
3. noble
4. conscript, private (soldier of the lowest rank of the army)
5. tribesman
6. warrior

er

1. second-person singular imperative of ermek

er

1. Clitic form of hy used before the object or after the verb.