hy

See also: Hy and hý

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch hij, from Middle Dutch hi, from Old Dutch hie, hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɦəi/, [ɦə̟i̯]

Pronoun

hy (object hom, possessive sy)

  1. third-person singular subject pronoun
    1. he (referring to a male person)
      Hy sien my nie.
      He can’t see me.
    2. it (referring to a non-personal noun)
      Ek het die boek gelees, maar hy is baie moeilik om te volg.
      I’ve read the book, but it is very difficult to follow.

Synonyms

See also
Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjective objective possessive
singular 1st ek my
2nd jy jou
2nd, formal u
3rd, masc hy hom sy
3rd, fem sy haar
3rd, neut dit sy
plural 1st ons
2nd julle julle / jul1
3rd hulle hulle / hul1
1. In the second and third persons plural, the usual possessive forms are julle and hulle (like the subjective and objective forms), but jul and hul are sometimes used instead when the sentence would otherwise be ambiguous.

Cornish

Determiner

hy

  1. her (possessive determiner)

Noun

hy

  1. Aspirate mutation of ky.

Pronoun

hy

  1. she
  2. her

Middle English

Etymology 1

Pronoun

hy

  1. Alternative form of heo

References

Etymology 2

Pronoun

hy

  1. Alternative form of he

References

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse hý, from Proto-Germanic *hiwją, either from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ḱew- or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-, or a merger of the two. Compare English hue.

Noun

hy c (uncountable)

  1. skin, complexion

Declension
Declension of hy 
Uncountable
Indefinite Definite
Nominative hy hyn — —
Genitive hys hyns — —

Welsh

Alternative forms

Adjective

hy (feminine singular hy, plural hyfion, equative hyfed, comparative hyfach, superlative hyfaf)

  1. bold

Derived terms

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian hī, from Proto-Germanic *hiz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe.

Pronunciation
  • (Clay) IPA(key): /hɛi̯/
  • (Wood) IPA(key): /hi/

Pronoun

hy

  1. he (third-person singular masculine pronoun)

Usage notes

The accusative him is used roughly like "himself" and "itself" in English. In these cases, it is used after a verb when there is another object in the sentence. For example:

Dy partij stelt him op it stânpunt fan it federalisme.
This party puts itself on the standpoint of federalism.

In other reflexive cases, the reflexively marked pronoun himsels is used.

The clitic form er is used before the object of the sentence or after the verb, if there is one. It is never the first word of a sentence.

Doe't er in swolch naam
When he took a swallow

Especially in narrative, er is used in the past tense.

Inflection
West Frisian personal pronouns
Number Person Nominative Objective Possessive
Normal Reflexive Determiner Pronoun
Singular First ik my mysels myn mines
Second Informal do/dû1 dy dysels dyn dines
Formal jo jo josels jo jowes
Third Masculine hy him himsels syn sines
Feminine sy/hja1 har harsels har harres
Neuter it it himsels syn sines
Plural First wy ús ússels ús uzes
Second jim(me) jim(me) jimsels/jinsels jim(me) jimmes
Third sy/hja1 har(ren) harsels har(ren) harres
1. Now mostly archaic and unused

Further reading
  • “hy (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Westrobothnian

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hýða, derived from húð.

Verb

hy

  1. (transitive) to birch children

Etymology 2

Probably from Finnish.

Noun

hy f

  1. gnat, the smallest species of the mosquito genus: Ceratopogon pulicaris
Synonyms
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