du

du

1. name

du

1. all

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

• IPA^(key): /du/

du

1. thou, you

du

1. a kind of bird

• IPA^(key): [dúù]

du

1. household

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

• IPA^(key): /ˈdyː/

du

1. black
2. swollen
3. starved

du m

1. black

• IPA^(key): [d̪u]

du (plural duwants)

1. yew

• halkaas mamushi
• meenis

Sadaf Munshi (2015), “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project‎

From Middle High German du, from Old High German dū (“thou”). Cognate with German du, archaic English thou (dialectal tha).

du

1. (Sette Comuni) you (thou, singular familiar)

• “du” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [dyː]
• (Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [diˑʊ]

du

1. black

From Old Danish thu, from Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).

• IPA^(key): /du/, [d̥u]

du (objective dig)

1. thou, you (2nd person singular subject pronoun, informal)

From Old Danish dughæ, from Old Norse duga.

• IPA^(key): /duː/, [d̥uːˀ]

du (imperative du, present dur or duer, past duede, past participle duet)

1. be good
2. be fit

du

1. interrogative particle (placed at the end of the sentence to make a question)

From Middle Dutch du, from Old Dutch thū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

du

1. (obsolete or dialectal) Second-person singular, subjective; thou.

From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Swedish du.

du

1. you (singular), thou

From Latin duo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

• IPA^(key): /du/

• Audio

  (file)

du

1. two (2)

• duo
• dupunkto (“colon”)

From Old French del.

• IPA^(key): /dy/

• audio

  (file)

• (Quebec) IPA^(key): /dz(y)/
• Homophones: dû, due, dues, dus, dûs

du

1. Contraction of de + le (of the)
2. Contraction of de + le; forms the partitive article

• The partitive article signifies "some", but it often is not translated in English, Dutch, or German.

du

1. man

• Gaikundi-Ontena Organised Phonology Data (2011)

• Du

From Middle High German du, duo, dū, from Old High German dū (akin to Old Saxon thū and English thou), itself from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

• (standard, generally) IPA^(key): /duː/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uː

• (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /də/
• In colloquial speech in Germany, the /d/ can be lost after a preceding coronal when du is unstressed. This can happen after the second person singular verb ending, even in purposefully enunciated speech.

du

1. you (thou, singular familiar)

• Du is the informal second person pronoun. In formal speech, the third person plural Sie (always capitalised) is used instead.
• A general rule of thumb is that du is used to address one's friends, relatives, and those under about 16 years of age. Du is always used to address children and non-human beings.
• Usage also depends on the setting: two unacquainted, middle-aged persons are likely to use du when they meet at social gatherings, but much less so when they happen on each other in the street. People under 30 often use du among each other, but they still use Sie when one of them is at work, e.g. in a shop (some cafés and most pubs are an exception).
• There is also a great deal of (often subtle) regional variation throughout the German-speaking world.

¹Often capitalized, especially in letters

• duzen
• Du n

• du in Duden online

du

1. Romanization of 𐌳𐌿

From Old High German du (akin to Old Saxon thu and English thou), itself from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

• IPA^(key): /tuː/, /tə/

du

1. thou, you

   Du bist aarich scheen.

   You are so beautiful.

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

From Esperanto du, from French deux, Spanish dos, Italian due, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

du

1. two (2)

du

1. two

From Sanskrit द्व (dva), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Hindi दो (do), Bhojpuri दू (dū), Konkani दोन (don).

du

1. two; 2

From Proto-Iranian *dwáH (compare Persian دو‎ (do), Pashto دوه‎ (dwa), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (duua)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH (compare Sanskrit द्व (dvá), Marathi दोन (don), Hindi दो (do)/Urdu دو‎ (do), Punjabi ਦੋ (do)), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (compare Russian два (dva), Lithuanian du, Greek δύο (dýo), Spanish dos, English two).

du

1. two (2)

• Central Kurdish: دوو‎ (dû)

From Proto-Baltic *duwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Latvian divi. Cognate to Latin duo.

du m (feminine dvi)

1. two (2)

From Proto-Slavic *jьdǫ (first-person singular) and *jьdǫtь (third-person plural), inflected forms of *jьti.

• IPA^(key): /du/

du

1. inflection of hyś:
   1. first-person singular present
   2. third-person plural present

• (first-person singular): źom

From Proto-Germanic *þū.

• IPA^(key): /du/, [du(ː)]

du

1. second-person singular, informal, nominative: you, thou

   Wéi al bass du? ― How old are you?

du

1. Nonstandard spelling of dū.
2. Nonstandard spelling of dú.
3. Nonstandard spelling of dǔ.
4. Nonstandard spelling of dù.

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

From Old Dutch thū, from Proto-Germanic *þū.

• IPA^(key): /dyː/, /dy/
• (Limburg) IPA^(key): /duː/, /du/

du

1. thou, you (singular, informal)

   Synonym: gi

This pronoun began to be replaced by gi in formal address during the Middle Dutch period, and eventually fell out of use altogether.

• Dutch: (obsolete) du
• Limburgish: doe

• “du”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “du”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

du

1. Alternative form of dewe (“due”)

From Old Saxon thū, from Proto-Germanic *þū.

• IPA^(key): /duː/

dû

1. thou, you (second person singular nominative)

• du

From Latin dux, ducem.

du m

1. duke

• duchie

• düünj (Mooring)

From Old Frisian dwā, from Proto-Germanic *dōną. Cognates include West Frisian dwaan, English do.

du

1. (Föhr-Amrum) to do
2. (Föhr-Amrum) to give

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈtuː/

dū

1. accusative/genitive of don

From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

• IPA^(key): /dʉː/

du (objective case deg)

1. thou, you (second person, singular)

• “du” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Akin to English thou.

• IPA^(key): /dʉː/ (example of pronunciation)

du (objective case deg)

1. you, thou (second person, singular)

• “du” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

du

1. two

du

1. bird

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

• del

du

1. contraction of de + le (of the)

• thu

From Proto-Germanic *þū, whence also Old English þu, Old Norse þú, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Perhaps the earliest attestation of the pronoun is the inscription on the Bülach fibula, which may show ᛞᚢ (du) already differentiated from other Germanic languages’ þu.

• IPA^(key): /du/

du

1. thou, you (second-person singular pronoun)
   • 3rd-6th century, inscription on the Bülach fibula:

     ᚠᚱᛁᚠᚱᛁᛞᛁᛚ / ᛞᚢ / ...

     frifridil / du / […]

     Frifridil, you / […]

Some speakers of Old High German appear to have contrasted the "polite" singular (plural forms) with the regular, informal singular (singular forms), as in Modern German Sie versus du. This distinction is however not well-attested, and may have been regional, genre-dependent, or only in late Old High German.

• Middle High German: du
  • Alemannic German: du

    Swabian: dau, d

  • Central Franconian: du, dou

    Hunsrik: du

    Kölsch: do

  • Cimbrian: du
  • German: du
  • Luxembourgish: du
  • Rhine Franconian:

    Palatine German: du

    Pennsylvania German: du

  • Yiddish: דו‎ (du)

• fridil (“a pet name for a male lover”)

• Heinz Klingenberg, Runenfibel von Bülach, Kanton Zürich. Liebesinschrift aus alemannischer Frühzeit, in the Alemannisches Jahrbuch (1973/75), page 308
• Heinz Klingenberg, Die Runeninschrift aus Bülach, in Helvetia archaeologica, volume 7 (1976), pages 116–121
• Stephan Opitz, Südgermanische Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark aus der Merowingerzeit (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1977)

du

1. Alternative form of do

Compare German du, English thou, Swedish du.

du

1. you

• IPA^(key): [du]

du

1. second-person singular imperative of duce

   Du-te acasă.

   Go home.

du (objective case dee, vocative dee, possessive determiner dines)

1. Shetland form of thou (“thou”)

From Old Swedish þū, from Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

• IPA^(key): /dʉː/, [d̪ʉː]

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʉː

du

1. you (familiar sg.)
2. thou

While du is the traditionally familiar mode of address, it is since the early '70s the standard in almost all circumstances, possibly capitalized in formal communications. This was the result of the so-called du-reformen.

Recently, use of the second-person plural pronoun ni as a less familiar (and thus more formal) pronoun has appeared to some extent, but mainly amongst shopkeepers towards the customers.

The same pronoun ni has also been used historically as a formal way of address, but its use has (in particular in Sweden, not so much in Swedish-speaking parts of Finland) been restricted to addressing people of lower social status, whereby a plethora of different constructions were employed as to avoid the issue of pronouns whatsoever. See also the article about T-V distinction in Wikipedia.

Compare Italian due

du m

1. two

• dó

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zu˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [jʊw˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [jʊw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遊/游.

du

1. (only in compounds) to walk

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /dɨː/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /diː/
• Homophone: dŷ; (South Wales) di

du (feminine singular du, plural duon, equative dued, comparative duach, superlative duaf)

1. black

   Mae ganddo fo fwstash du.

   He has a black mustache

• IPA^(key): /du˧/

du

1. smooth