List of counties in Indiana

Counties of Indiana
Location State of Indiana
Number 92
Populations 6,128 (Ohio) – 903,393 (Marion)
Areas 86 square miles (220 km2) (Ohio) – 657 square miles (1,700 km2) (Allen)
Government County government
Subdivisions 1,008 Townships

The U.S. state of Indiana has 92 counties. Each county serves as the local level of government within its borders. Although Indiana was organized into the United States since the Northwest Ordinance in 1787, its land was not always available for settlement. Eventually, land was purchased from Native Americans by treaties and Indian removals. The oldest counties are generally in the south near the Ohio River, whereas newer ones were in the north in territory acquired later. The oldest and newest counties in Indiana are Knox County, created in 1790, and Newton County, created in 1859.

As of the 2010 United States Census, the population of Indiana was 6,483,802, the average population of Indiana's 92 counties is 70,476, with Marion County as the most populous (903,393), and Ohio County (6,128) the least. 54 counties have 30,000 or more people; 17 counties have populations exceeding 100,000, five of which exceed 250,000; and only four counties have fewer than 10,000 people. The average land area is 396 square miles (1,030 km2).[1] The largest county is Allen (657 sq. mi., 1,702 km²) and the smallest is Ohio (86 sq. mi., 223 km²).[2] According to the Constitution of Indiana, no county may be created of less than 400 square miles (1,000 km2), nor may any county smaller than this be further reduced in size.[3]

County government in Indiana consists of two bodies, the county council and the commissioners.

Many Indiana counties are named for United States Founding Fathers and personalities of the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812 and Battle of Tippecanoe; early leaders of Indiana Territory and Indiana, as well as surrounding states like Michigan and Kentucky; plus Native American tribes and geographical features.

The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties, is provided with each entry. Indiana's code is 18, which when combined with any county code would be written as 18XXX. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county.[4]

In Indiana, the most commonly seen number associated with counties is the state county code, which is a sequential number based on the alphabetical order of the county. It has been used on automobile license plates since 1963. It first held a prominent place on the left side of the plates as part of the license plate number until the year 2008 when it was moved above the serial number and 2012 when it was moved to the lower right corner. On license plates, county codes 93, 95, and 97-99 were also used for Marion County in addition to 49. 94 and 96 were used for Lake County in addition to 45.[5]

List of counties

County
FIPS code[6] County seat[2][7] Established[2][7] Origin Etymology[8]BMV Number
[9]
Population[1] Area(Land only) [2][10] Map
Adams County 001 DecaturFebruary 7, 1836Adams New PurchaseU.S. President John Quincy Adams1 34,387 339 sq mi
(878 km2)
State map highlighting Adams County
Allen County 003 Fort WayneDecember 12, 1823Delaware New PurchaseCol. John Allen, Kentucky state senator[11]2 355,329 657 sq mi
(1,702 km2)
State map highlighting Allen County
Bartholomew County 005 ColumbusJanuary 8, 1821Jackson County and Delaware New PurchasesLt. Col. Joseph Bartholomew, a hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe[11]3 76,794 407 sq mi
(1,054 km2)
State map highlighting Bartholomew County
Benton County 007 FowlerFebruary 18, 1840Jasper CountyThomas H. Benton, U.S. Senator from Missouri4 8,854 406 sq mi
(1,052 km2)
State map highlighting Benton County
Blackford County 009 Hartford CityFebruary 15, 1838Jay CountyJudge Isaac Blackford, Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives and Chief Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court5 12,766 165 sq mi
(427 km2)
State map highlighting Blackford County
Boone County 011 LebanonJanuary 29, 1830Adams and Wabash New PurchasesFrontiersman Daniel Boone6 56,640 423 sq mi
(1,096 km2)
State map highlighting Boone County
Brown County 013 NashvilleFebruary 3, 1836Bartholomew County
Jackson County
Monroe County
General Jacob Brown, hero of the War of 1812[11]7 15,242 312 sq mi
(808 km2)
State map highlighting Brown County
Carroll County 015 DelphiJanuary 17, 1828Adams and Wabash New PurchasesCharles Carroll, signer of the Declaration of Independence8 20,165 372 sq mi
(963 km2)
State map highlighting Carroll County
Cass County 017 LogansportDecember 18, 1828Non-county AreaGen. Lewis Cass, Governor of Michigan Territory and U.S. Secretary of State9 38,966 412 sq mi
(1,067 km2)
State map highlighting Cass County
Clark County 019 JeffersonvilleFebruary 3, 1801Knox CountyGeneral George Rogers Clark, American Revolutionary War hero10 110,232 373 sq mi
(966 km2)
State map highlighting Clark County
Clay County 021 BrazilFebruary 12, 1825Owen County
Putnam County
Sullivan County
Vigo County
U.S. Speaker of the House Henry Clay11 26,890 358 sq mi
(927 km2)
State map highlighting Clay County
Clinton County 023 FrankfortJanuary 29, 1830Adams and Wabash New PurchasesDeWitt Clinton, Governor of New York12 33,224 405 sq mi
(1,049 km2)
State map highlighting Clinton County
Crawford County 025 EnglishJanuary 29, 1818Orange County
Harrison County
Perry County
Col. William Crawford, surveyor of the Midwest and hero of the Indian Wars13 10,713 306 sq mi
(793 km2)
State map highlighting Crawford County
Daviess County 027 WashingtonFebruary 2, 1818Knox CountyCol. Joseph Hamilton Daveiss,[11] hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe14 31,648 429 sq mi
(1,111 km2)
State map highlighting Daviess County
Dearborn County 029 LawrenceburgMarch 7, 1803Clark County, IN; Hamilton County, OHU.S. Secretary of War Henry Dearborn15 50,047 305 sq mi
(790 km2)
State map highlighting Dearborn County
Decatur County 031 GreensburgDecember 12, 1821Delaware New PurchaseCommodore Stephen Decatur, hero of the War of 181216 25,740 373 sq mi
(966 km2)
State map highlighting Decatur County
DeKalb County 033 AuburnFebruary 7, 1835Non-county AreaJohann de Kalb, German noble who trained colonial soldiers for the American Revolutionary War17 40,285 363 sq mi
(940 km2)
State map highlighting DeKalb County
Delaware County 035 MuncieJanuary 26, 1827[12]Delaware New PurchaseDelaware Native American people18 117,671 392 sq mi
(1,015 km2)
State map highlighting Delaware County
Dubois County 037 JasperDecember 20, 1817Perry County
Pike County
Toussaint Dubois,[11] hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe19 41,889 427 sq mi
(1,106 km2)
State map highlighting Dubois County
Elkhart County 039 GoshenJanuary 29, 1830Non-county AreaDisputed, but possibly the Elkhart Native American people20 197,559 463 sq mi
(1,199 km2)
State map highlighting Elkhart County
Fayette County 041 ConnersvilleJanuary 29, 1818Franklin Wayne County and Non-county AreaMarquis de la Fayette, French noble who trained colonial soldiers in the American Revolutionary War21 24,277 215 sq mi
(557 km2)
State map highlighting Fayette County
Floyd County 043 New AlbanyJanuary 2, 1819Clark and Harrison CountiesEither John Floyd, a War of 1812 hero and Governor of Virginia, or early settler and state legislator Davis Floyd[11]22 74,578 148 sq mi
(383 km2)
State map highlighting Floyd County
Fountain County 045 CovingtonDecember 20, 1825Montgomery County and Wabash New PurchaseMajor James Fontaine, a hero of the American Revolutionary War23 17,240 396 sq mi
(1,026 km2)
State map highlighting Fountain County
Franklin County 047 BrookvilleFebruary 1, 1811Clark County
Dearborn County
Knox County
Writer, orator, scholar, and founding father Benjamin Franklin24 23,087 384 sq mi
(995 km2)
State map highlighting Franklin County
Fulton County 049 RochesterFebruary 7, 1836Non-county AreaRobert Fulton, developer of the steamboat25 20,836 368 sq mi
(953 km2)
State map highlighting Fulton County
Gibson County 051 PrincetonApril 1, 1813Knox CountyJohn Gibson, secretary of the Indiana Territory[11]26 33,503 487 sq mi
(1,261 km2)
State map highlighting Gibson County
Grant County 053 MarionFebruary 10, 1831Formed from Madison County, Adams New Purchase and un-organizedCaptains Samuel and Moses Grant, former American soldiers and early settlers27 70,061 414 sq mi
(1,072 km2)
State map highlighting Grant County
Greene County 055 BloomfieldJanuary 5, 1821Sullivan County
Non-county Area
Gen. Nathanael Greene, hero of the American Revolutionary War28 33,165 543 sq mi
(1,406 km2)
State map highlighting Greene County
Hamilton County 057 NoblesvilleJanuary 8, 1823Formed from Delaware New PurchaseAlexander Hamilton, first Secretary of the Treasury and founding father29 274,569 394 sq mi
(1,020 km2)
State map highlighting Hamilton County
Hancock County 059 GreenfieldMarch 1, 1828Formed from Madison CountyJohn Hancock, first signer of the Declaration of Independence30 70,002 306 sq mi
(793 km2)
State map highlighting Hancock County
Harrison County 061 CorydonDecember 1, 1808Formed from Clark and Knox CountyWilliam Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory and U.S. President31 39,364 485 sq mi
(1,256 km2)
State map highlighting Harrison County
Hendricks County 063 DanvilleDecember 20, 1824Formed from Delaware and Wabash New PurchaseGovernor of Indiana William Hendricks[11]32 145,488 407 sq mi
(1,054 km2)
State map highlighting Hendricks County
Henry County 065 New CastleDecember 31, 1821Formed from Delaware New PurchasePatrick Henry, attorney, orator, and founding father33 49,462 392 sq mi
(1,015 km2)
State map highlighting Henry County
Howard County 067 KokomoJanuary 15, 1844[13]Formed from un-organizedGen. Tilghman Howard, a U.S. Representative from Indiana34 82,752 293 sq mi
(759 km2)
State map highlighting Howard County
Huntington County 069 HuntingtonFebruary 2, 1832Formed from Adams New Purchase and un-organizedSamuel Huntington, signer the Declaration of Independence35 37,124 383 sq mi
(992 km2)
State map highlighting Huntington County
Jackson County 071 BrownstownJanuary 1, 1816Formed from Clark, Jefferson and WashingtonU.S. President Andrew Jackson36 42,367 509 sq mi
(1,318 km2)
State map highlighting Jackson County
Jasper County 073 RensselaerFebruary 7, 1835Formed from Wabash New PurchaseSgt. William Jasper, hero of the American Revolutionary War37 33,478 560 sq mi
(1,450 km2)
State map highlighting Jasper County
Jay County 075 PortlandFebruary 7, 1835Formed from Adams New PurchaseJohn Jay, first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court38 21,253 384 sq mi
(995 km2)
State map highlighting Jay County
Jefferson County 077 MadisonNovember 23, 1810Formed from Clark, Dearborn and Knox CountyU.S. President Thomas Jefferson39 32,428 361 sq mi
(935 km2)
State map highlighting Jefferson County
Jennings County 079 VernonDecember 27, 1816Formed from Jackson and Jefferson CountiesJonathan Jennings, first Governor of Indiana40 28,525 377 sq mi
(976 km2)
State map highlighting Jennings County
Johnson County 081 FranklinDecember 31, 1823Formed from Delaware New PurchaseJohn Johnson, first Chief Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court41 139,654 320 sq mi
(829 km2)
State map highlighting Johnson County
Knox County 083 VincennesJune 6, 1790Original CountyU.S. Secretary of War Henry Knox42 38,440 516 sq mi
(1,336 km2)
State map highlighting Knox County
Kosciusko County 085 WarsawFebruary 7, 1835Formed from un-organizedTadeusz Kościuszko, Polish-born hero of the American Revolutionary War and leader of a Polish nationalistic revolt against Russia43 77,358 531 sq mi
(1,375 km2)
State map highlighting Kosciusko County
LaGrange County 087 LaGrangeFebruary 2, 1832Formed from un-organizedThe ancestral estate of the Marquis de la Fayette, the French-born hero of the American Revolutionary War44 37,128 380 sq mi
(984 km2)
State map highlighting LaGrange County
Lake County 089 Crown PointJanuary 28, 1837Formed from Newton and Porter CountiesIts location on Lake Michigan45, 94, 96 496,005 499 sq mi
(1,292 km2)
State map highlighting Lake County
LaPorte County 091 LaPorteJanuary 29, 1832Formed from St. Joseph and un-organizedMeans the door in French, which refers to the city of LaPorte46 111,467 598 sq mi
(1,549 km2)
State map highlighting LaPorte County
Lawrence County 093 BedfordJanuary 7, 1818Formed from OrangeCapt. James Lawrence,[11] hero of the War of 181247 46,134 449 sq mi
(1,163 km2)
State map highlighting Lawrence County
Madison County 095 AndersonJanuary 4, 1823Formed from Delaware New PurchaseU.S. President James Madison48 131,636 452 sq mi
(1,171 km2)
State map highlighting Madison County
Marion County 097 IndianapolisDecember 31, 1821Formed from Delaware New PurchaseGen. Francis Marion, American Revolutionary War hero49, 93-99 903,393 396 sq mi
(1,026 km2)
State map highlighting Marion County
Marshall County 099 PlymouthFebruary 7, 1835Formed from St. Joseph CountyU.S. Chief Justice John Marshall50 47,051 444 sq mi
(1,150 km2)
State map highlighting Marshall County
Martin County 101 ShoalsJanuary 17, 1820Formed from Daviess and Dubois CountiesMajor John T. Martin, hero of the War of 181251 10,334 336 sq mi
(870 km2)
State map highlighting Martin County
Miami County 103 PeruJanuary 30, 1833Formed from Cass County and un-organizedMiami Native American people52 36,903 374 sq mi
(969 km2)
State map highlighting Miami County
Monroe County 105 BloomingtonJanuary 14, 1818Formed from Orange CountyU.S. President James Monroe53 137,974 395 sq mi
(1,023 km2)
State map highlighting Monroe County
Montgomery County 107 CrawfordsvilleDecember 21, 1822Formed from Wabash New PurchaseGen. Richard Montgomery, hero of the American Revolutionary War54 38,124 505 sq mi
(1,308 km2)
State map highlighting Montgomery County
Morgan County 109 MartinsvilleDecember 31, 1822Formed from Delaware and Wabash New PurchaseGen. Daniel Morgan, hero of the American Revolutionary War55 68,894 404 sq mi
(1,046 km2)
State map highlighting Morgan County
Newton County 111 KentlandDecember 8, 1859[14]Formed from Jasper CountySgt. John Newton, hero of the American Revolutionary War56 14,244 402 sq mi
(1,041 km2)
State map highlighting Newton County
Noble County 113 AlbionFebruary 7, 1835Formed from un-organizedU.S. Senator James Noble or Governor of Indiana Noah Noble, brothers57 47,536 411 sq mi
(1,064 km2)
State map highlighting Noble County
Ohio County 115 Rising SunJanuary 4, 1844Formed from Dearborn CountyThe Ohio River forms its east boundary58 6,128 86 sq mi
(223 km2)
State map highlighting Ohio County
Orange County 117 PaoliFebruary 1, 1816Formed from Gibson, Knox and WashingtonOrange County, North Carolina, in turn named for the Dutch Protestant House of Orange59 19,840 398 sq mi
(1,031 km2)
State map highlighting Orange County
Owen County 119 SpencerDecember 21, 1818Formed from Daviess and Sullivan CountyAbraham Owen,[11] hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe60 21,575 385 sq mi
(997 km2)
State map highlighting Owen County
Parke County 121 RockvilleJanuary 9, 1821Formed from Vigo CountyBenjamin Parke, a delegate of Indiana Territory to the U.S. Congress[11]61 17,339 445 sq mi
(1,153 km2)
State map highlighting Parke County
Perry County 123 Tell CityNovember 1, 1814Formed from Gibson and Warrick CountiesCommodore Oliver Hazard Perry, hero of the War of 181262 19,338 382 sq mi
(989 km2)
State map highlighting Perry County
Pike County 125 PetersburgDecember 21, 1816Formed from Gibson and Perry CountyZebulon M. Pike, explorer of the American West63 12,845 334 sq mi
(865 km2)
State map highlighting Pike County
Porter County 127 ValparaisoFebruary 7, 1835Formed from un-organizedCapt. David Porter, hero of the War of 181264 164,343 418 sq mi
(1,083 km2)
State map highlighting Porter County
Posey County 129 Mount VernonNovember 11, 1814Gibson County Warrick CountyThomas Posey, governor of Indiana Territory65 25,910 410 sq mi
(1,062 km2)
State map highlighting Posey County
Pulaski County 131 WinamacFebruary 7, 1835Formed from un-organizedKazimierz Pułaski, Polish-born noble who led the colonial cavalry in the American Revolutionary War66 13,402 434 sq mi
(1,124 km2)
State map highlighting Pulaski County
Putnam County 133 GreencastleDecember 31, 1822Formed from Owen County and Wabash New PurchaseGen. Israel Putnam, hero of the American Revolutionary War67 36,019 481 sq mi
(1,246 km2)
State map highlighting Putnam County
Randolph County 135 WinchesterJanuary 10, 1818Formed from Wayne CountyRandolph County, North Carolina, which is named for first President of the Continental Congress Peyton Randolph68 26,171 452 sq mi
(1,171 km2)
State map highlighting Randolph County
Ripley County 137 VersaillesDecember 27, 1816Formed from Dearborn and Jefferson CountyGen. Eleazer Wheelock Ripley, hero of the War of 181269 28,818 446 sq mi
(1,155 km2)
State map highlighting Ripley County
Rush County 139 RushvilleDecember 31, 1821Formed from Delaware New PurchaseDr. Benjamin Rush, signer the Declaration of Independence70 17,392 408 sq mi
(1,057 km2)
State map highlighting Rush County
St. Joseph County 141 South BendJanuary 29, 1830Formed from un-organizedSt. Joseph River, which flows through it toward Lake Michigan71 266,931 458 sq mi
(1,186 km2)
State map highlighting St. Joseph County
Scott County 143 ScottsburgJanuary 12, 1820Formed from Clark, Jefferson, Jennings and Washington CountiesCharles Scott, Governor of Kentucky72 24,181 190 sq mi
(492 km2)
State map highlighting Scott County
Shelby County 145 ShelbyvilleDecember 31, 1821Formed from Delaware New PurchaseGen. Isaac Shelby, Governor of Kentucky73 44,436 411 sq mi
(1,064 km2)
State map highlighting Shelby County
Spencer County 147 RockportJanuary 10, 1818Formed from Perry and Warrick CountiesCapt. Spier Spencer,[11] hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe74 20,952 397 sq mi
(1,028 km2)
State map highlighting Spencer County
Starke County 149 KnoxFebruary 7, 1835Formed from St. Joseph County and un-organizedGen. John Stark, hero of the American Revolutionary War75 23,363 309 sq mi
(800 km2)
State map highlighting Starke County
Steuben County 151 AngolaFebruary 7, 1837Formed from un-organizedBaron Frederick von Steuben, Prussian-born noble who trained colonial soldiers during the American Revolutionary War76 34,185 309 sq mi
(800 km2)
State map highlighting Steuben County
Sullivan County 153 SullivanDecember 30, 1816Formed from KnoxGeneral Daniel Sullivan, American Revolutionary War hero77 21,745 447 sq mi
(1,158 km2)
State map highlighting Sullivan County
Switzerland County 155 VevayOctober 1, 1814Formed from Dearborn and Jefferson CountyThe home country of many of the early settlers, Switzerland78 10,613 221 sq mi
(572 km2)
State map highlighting Switzerland County
Tippecanoe County 157 LafayetteJanuary 20, 1826Formed from Wabash New Purchase and un-organizedThe Tippecanoe River and the Battle of Tippecanoe79 172,780 500 sq mi
(1,295 km2)
State map highlighting Tippecanoe County
Tipton County 159 TiptonJanuary 15, 1844Formed from Adams New Purchase and un-organizedJohn Tipton,[11] U.S. Senator80 15,936 261 sq mi
(676 km2)
State map highlighting Tipton County
Union County 161 LibertyJanuary 5, 1821Parts of Fayette, Franklin and Wayne countiesNamed because it united sections of three adjacent counties into one new entity81 7,516 161 sq mi
(417 km2)
State map highlighting Union County
Vanderburgh County 163 EvansvilleJanuary 7, 1818Gibson, Posey, and Warrick CountiesHenry Vanderburgh, a judge for Indiana Territory82 179,703 233 sq mi
(603 km2)
State map highlighting Vanderburgh County
Vermillion County 165 NewportJanuary 2, 1824Formed from Parke County and Wasbash New PurchaseThe Vermillion River83 16,212 257 sq mi
(666 km2)
State map highlighting Vermillion County
Vigo County 167 Terre HauteJanuary 21, 1818Formed from Sullivan CountyFrancis Vigo, Italian-born colonial spy during the American Revolutionary War84 107,818 403 sq mi
(1,044 km2)
State map highlighting Vigo County
Wabash County 169 WabashJanuary 30, 1833[15]Formed from Adams New Purchase and un-organizedThe Wabash River85 32,888 412 sq mi
(1,067 km2)
State map highlighting Wabash County
Warren County 171 WilliamsportJanuary 19, 1827Formed from Wabash New Purchase and un-organizedDr. Joseph Warren, American Revolutionary War hero86 8,508 365 sq mi
(945 km2)
State map highlighting Warren County
Warrick County 173 BoonvilleApril 30, 1813Gibson and Knox CountiesCapt. Jacob Warrick,[11] hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe87 59,689 385 sq mi
(997 km2)
State map highlighting Warrick County
Washington County 175 SalemDecember 21, 1813Clark, Harrison and Knox CountiesU.S. President George Washington88 28,262 514 sq mi
(1,331 km2)
State map highlighting Washington County
Wayne County 177 RichmondNovember 27, 1810Formed from Clark, Dearborn and KnoxGen. "Mad" Anthony Wayne, hero of the American Revolutionary War89 68,917 402 sq mi
(1,041 km2)
State map highlighting Wayne County
Wells County 179 BlufftonFebruary 7, 1837Formed from Adams New PurchaseCapt. William A. Wells, Native American who became a hero in the War of 181290 27,636 368 sq mi
(953 km2)
State map highlighting Wells County
White County 181 MonticelloFebruary 1, 1834Formed from Wabash New Purchase and un-organizedCapt. Isaac White,[11] hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe91 24,643 505 sq mi
(1,308 km2)
State map highlighting White County
Whitley County 183 Columbia CityFebruary 7, 1835Formed from un-organizedCol. William Whitley,[11] hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe92 33,292 336 sq mi
(870 km2)
State map highlighting Whitley County

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Population Estimates for Indiana Counties, 2010-2017". StatsIndiana. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 National Association of Counties. "NACo - Find a county". Retrieved 2014-06-01.
  3. "IN Const. art. XV, § 7 - Constitution of the State of Indiana, as amended". Indiana Legislature. 1851. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  4. "FIPS Publication 6-4". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
  5. "Indiana License Plates, 1969-Present". 2016-02-28.
  6. "EPA County FIPS Code Listing". EPA.gov. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  7. 1 2 "Origin of Indiana County Names". Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  8. "Origin of Indiana County Names". 2009-01-04.
  9. "Indiana BMV website". 2016-02-28.
  10. "Indiana -- County". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Fought in the Battle of Tippecanoe
  12. Delaware County was originally formed on January 1, 1820, but for lack of population it was dissolved shortly thereafter. (Funk, p. 192)
  13. Originally named Richardville County for Chief Richardville, but renamed in 1872 (Funk, p. 193)
  14. Originally organized February 7, 1835 but merged with Jasper County in 1839 and recreated later. (Funk, p. 193)
  15. Originally formed January 20, 1820 but soon dissolved for lack of population. (Funk, p. 194)
Sources
  • Funk, Arville (1983) [1969]. A Sketchbook of Indiana History. Rochester, Indiana: Christian Book Press. pp. 192&ndash, 194.
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