List of railway electrification systems
This is a list of the power supply systems that are, or have been, used for tramway and railway electrification systems.
Note that the voltages are nominal and vary depending on load and distance from the substation.
Many modern trams and trains use on-board solid-state electronics to convert these supplies to run three-phase AC induction motors.
Key to the tables below
- Volts: voltage or volt
- Current:
- DC = direct current
- xx Hz = frequency in hertz (alternating current (AC))
- AC supplies are single-phase, except where marked three-phase
- Conductors:
- overhead line or
- conductor rail, usually a third rail to one side of the running rails
- Conductor rail can be:
- top contact: oldest, least safe, affected by ice, snow and leaves
- side contact: newer, safer, less affected by ice, snow and leaves
- bottom contact: newer, safer, least affected by ice, snow and leaves
- Conductor rail can be:
Systems using standard voltages
Voltages are defined by two standards: BS EN 50163[1] and IEC 60850.[2]
Overhead systems
600 V DC
This voltage is mostly used by older tram systems worldwide but by a few new ones as well.
750 V DC
This voltage is used for most modern tram systems.
1,200 V DC
Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Havana – Matanzas and branches | Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Cuba | originally (and still known as) the Hershey Electric Railway | |
(Elektriraudtee) 1924–1941 and 1946–1958, converted to 3000 V DC | |||
Lusatian | 900 mm (2 ft 11 7⁄16 in) gauge mining railways in the lignite district | ||
Barcelona, Catalonia | Barcelona Metro | uses an overhead conductor rail/beam system | |
Palma – Sóller, Majorca | Sóller Railway | [5] | |
Canton Bern / Canton Solothurn | Aare Seeland mobil (ASm) | [6][7] | |
Dietikon, Canton Zürich – Wohlen, Aargau | Bremgarten-Dietikon-Bahn | ||
Zürich – Esslingen, Canton Zürich | Forchbahn | Forchbahn proper only; Forchbahn trains access their Zürich terminus via the Zürich tram network, which is electrified at 600 V DC. The rolling stock is equipped to run off both voltages. | |
Frauenfeld, Thurgau – Wil, Canton St. Gallen | Frauenfeld-Wil-Bahn | ||
Meiringen – Innertkirchen, Canton Bern | Meiringen–Innertkirchen Bahn | ||
Zürich – Uetliberg, Canton Zürich | Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn | Uetliberg line only – uses an offset overhead line and pantograph to allow running on track shared with the AC-electrified Sihltal line[8] |
1,500 V DC
3 kV DC
Country | Location | Name of system | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Nationwide | Belgium National Railways (SNCB) | National standard. 25 kV AC used on high speed lines and some lines in the south area. | |
Rio de Janeiro suburban network; | SuperVia Trens Urbanos; | ||
Montreal | Deux-Montagnes Line | built by CNoR in 1918, converted to 25 kV AC/60 Hz in 1995 by AMT | |
Czech Railway Infrastructure Administration (SŽDC) | Northern part of network only (approx. the Děčín - Praha - Ostrava route). The system change stations are Kadaň-Prunéřov, Beroun, Benešov u Prahy, Kutná Hora hl.n., Svitavy, Nezamyslice, Nedakonice. The southern part uses 25 kV 50 Hz. | ||
Tallinn | Elron | commuter rail only | |
Georgian Railway LLC | In fact 3,300 V | ||
RFI - Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (Italian Railways Network) | 25 kV AC used on new high speed lines | ||
Korean State Railway | national standard | ||
Latvian Railways (LDz) | commuter rail only, to be converted to 25 kV AC | ||
between Luxembourg and Arlon | Chemins de fer luxembourgeois (CFL) | 25 kV AC on the rest of the network | |
ONCF (Office National des Chemins de Fer) | national standard | ||
Polish State Railways (PKP) | planned new high speed lines will use 25 kV AC | ||
Warszawa and suburbs | Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa (WKD) | 600 V DC until 27 May 2016 | |
Russian Railways (RZD) | new electrification use only 25 kV AC, except Moscow Central Circle. | ||
Slovak Republic Railways (ŽSR) | Northern main line (connected to Czech Republic and Poland) and eastern lines (around Košice and Prešov), conversion to 25 kV AC planned, and the broad gauge line between Košice and the Ukraine border (it will remain 3 kV until new broad gauge line construction, then convert to 25 kV AC), planned new broad gauge line is supposed to use 25 kV AC. Currently, the part north and east of the station Púchov uses 3 kV DC, the rest uses 25 kV 50 Hz. | ||
Slovenian Railways (SŽ) | national standard | ||
Transnet Freight Rail (TFR); MetroRail | national standard; also 25 kV AC and 50 kV AC used | ||
ADIF (Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias) | 25 kV AC used on high speed lines | ||
Ukrainian Railways | in east (Donetsk industrial zone), in west (west from L'viv – connecting to Slovakia and Poland), to be converted to 25 kV AC[17] | ||
New Jersey, lines towards New York City | Morris & Essex Lines | By Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad in 1930.[18] Converted to 25 kV 60 Hz by NJT in 1984 |
15 kV AC, 16 2⁄3 Hz / 16.7 Hz
Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Austrian Federal Railways | national standard | ||
German National Railways | national standard | ||
Norwegian National Rail Administration | national standard | ||
Swedish Transport Administration | national standard | ||
Canton Bern | BLS | ||
Central Switzerland and Bernese Oberland | Zentralbahn | ||
Canton Vaud | Chemin de fer Bière-Apples-Morges (BAM) | ||
Canton Zürich | Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn | Sihltal line only; shares track with the 1200 V DC electrified Uetliberg line that uses an offset overhead line and pantograph to allow such sharing | |
Throughout the country | Swiss Federal Railways | ||
25 kV AC, 50 Hz
25 kV AC, 60 Hz
While 25 kV 60 Hz is not standardized by BS EN 50163 and IEC 60850; it is the logical equivalent of 25 kV 50 Hz in countries where 60 Hz is the normal grid power frequency.
Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Montreal | Deux-Montagnes Line | built by CNoR in 1918 as 3000 V DC, converted to 25 kV AC/60 Hz in 1995 by ARTM | |
Western Japan, Central Japan, Eastern Japan, JR Kyushu | Tōkaidō-Sanyō Shinkansen Hokuriku Shinkansen Kyushu Shinkansen |
50 Hz in eastern Japan; see 25 kV AC 50 Hz overhead above | |
South Korea | Korail | all Korail freight/passenger lines except Seoul subway Line 3 (see 1500 V DC overhead above) | |
Incheon, Seoul | A'REX | ||
Mexico City | Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México | [25] | |
Taiwan | Taiwan Railways Administration | ||
Western Taiwan | Taiwan High Speed Rail | ||
New Jersey | Morris & Essex Lines, New Jersey Transit | former 3,000 V DC system | |
Aberdeen-Matawan to Long Branch, New Jersey | North Jersey Coast Line, New Jersey Transit | Converted in 1978 from Pennsylvania Railroad 11 kV 25 Hz system to the 12.5 kV 25 Hz on the Rahway-Matawan ROW and 12.5 kV 60 Hz electrification extended to Long Branch in 1988. The Matawan-Long Branch voltage converted from 12.5 kV 60 Hz system to the 25 kV 60 Hz in 2002. | |
Washington D.C. to Boston | Northeast Corridor (NEC), Amtrak | electrified in 2000; see Amtrak's 60 Hz traction power system | |
Denver | Denver RTD | opened in 2016; separate 750 V DC system for light rail | |
New Mexico | Navajo Mine Railroad | ||
Texas | Texas Utilities, Monticello & Martin Lake | see E25B and Internet reference[26] | |
Conductor rail systems
600 V DC conductor
All third rail unless stated otherwise.
Used by most older US subways.
Using this type of electrification |
No longer using this type of electrification |
Type | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Top contact | Buenos Aires | Urquiza Line | Federico Lacroze-General Lemos | |
Top contact | Toronto | Toronto Subway and Rapid Transit | only on subway lines | |
Top contact | Athens | EIS/ISAP | used between 1904 and 1985, now 750 V | |
Top contact | Turin | Superga Rack Railway | ||
Top contact | Tokyo | Tokyo Metro Ginza Line and Marunouchi Line | ||
Nagoya, Aichi | Nagoya Municipal Subway Higashiyama Line and Meijō Line | |||
Top contact | Stockholm | Stockholm Metro | 650 V, Green and Red Lines | |
Top contact | Glasgow | Glasgow Subway | ||
Top contact | Boston | Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority | Red and Orange Lines, the subway part of the Blue Line southwest of Airport Station | |
Top contact | Chicago | Chicago "L" | elevated and subway lines | |
Top contact | New York City | New York City Subway | ||
Top contact | New York City metro area | PATH | ||
Top contact | Philadelphia | Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority | Broad Street subway | |
Bay Lake, Florida | Walt Disney World Monorail System |
750 V DC conductor
Conductor rail systems have been separated into tables based on whether they are top, side or bottom contact. All systems are third rail unless stated otherwise.
Using this type of electrification |
No longer using this type of electrification |
Bottom contact
Side contact
Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Montreal | Montreal Metro | (guide bars, see DC, four-rail below) | |
Santiago | Santiago Metro | ||
Paris | Paris Métro (Rubber tired) | Positive (and sometimes negative) polarity on guide bars. See DC, four-rail below. | |
Lyon | Lyon Métro | ||
Marseille | Marseille Métro | ||
Lille | Lille Métro | ||
Rennes | Rennes Métro | ||
Toulouse | Toulouse Métro | ||
Hong Kong | Hong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover (APM) |
Mitsubishi "Crystal Mover" system using two power rails (positive and negative) with side collection. | |
Palembang, South Sumatra | Palembang Light Rail Transit | ||
Sapporo, Hokkaido | Sapporo Municipal Subway Namboku Line | ||
Singapore | Light Rail Transit | Sengkang LRT Line and Punggol LRT Line operated by SBS Transit | |
Singapore | Sentosa Express | Sentosa Express operated by SDC | |
Las Vegas | Las Vegas Monorail |
Top contact
Mixed
Type | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
See note | Tianjin | Tianjin Metro | Top contact in Line 1, bottom contact in Lines 2 and 3 |
1200 V DC conductor
All systems are third rail unless stated otherwise.
Using this type of electrification |
No longer using this type of electrification |
Side contact
Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Hamburg | Hamburg S-Bahn | 15 kV/16.7 Hz with overhead line in part of network. | |
Manchester | Manchester-Bury | Dismantled 1991, converted to Manchester Metrolink tramway (750 V DC overhead) |
Systems using non-standard voltages
Overhead systems
DC voltage
Voltage | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
120 | Seaton, Devon | Seaton Tramway | Half scale trams. Operated 1969-now. Substations have battery banks for back up. | |
250 | Chicago | Chicago Tunnel Company | operated 1906–1959 | |
500 | Hong Kong | Hong Kong Tramways | ||
525 | Lauterbrunnen | Bergbahn Lauterbrunnen-Mürren | ||
550 | Isle of Man | Manx Electric Railway | including Snaefell Mountain Railway | |
Kolkata | Trams in Kolkata | |||
650 | Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Light Rail | ||
Basel | Basel Trams (BVB/BLT) | |||
700 | Bex – Col de Bretaye, Vaud | Chemin de fer Bex-Villars-Bretaye | ||
800 | Tricity | Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) | Operated 1951-1976. Converted to 3,000 V DC in 1976. | |
850 | Capolago – Monte Generoso, Ticino | Ferrovia Monte Generoso (MG) | ||
900 | Fribourg | Gruyere – Fribourg – Morat | ||
Montreux | Montreux-Oberland Bernois | |||
1,000 | St Moritz, Graubunden – Tirano, Lombardy | Rhätische Bahn (RhB) | Bernina line only; remainder of system electrified at 11 kV AC, 16 2⁄3 Hz. The Bernina line is an international line linking Switzerland (St. Moritz) with Italy (Tirano) | |
Budapest | Budapest Commuter Rail and Rapid Transit (BHÉV) | [27] | ||
1,100 | Buenos Aires | Buenos Aires Metro (Subterráneos de Buenos Aires) | only Line A (converted to 1,500 V DC with La Brugeoise trains replaced by new rolling stock in 2013) | |
1,250 | Canton Bern | Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn (RBS) | All lines except tram line 6 between Bern and Worb, which is electrified at 600 V DC[3] | |
1,350 | Domodossola, Piedmont – Locarno, Ticino | Ferrovia Domodossola–Locarno (FART/SSIF) | International railway between Italy (Domodossola) and Switzerland (Locarno) | |
Lugano – Ponte Tresa, Canton Ticino | Ferrovia Lugano–Ponte Tresa (FLP) | |||
2,400 | Lausitzer | work line of the Lausitzer Brown Coal AG company | ||
Konin | PAK KWB KONIN[28] | |||
Turek | PAK KWB ADAMÓW[28] | |||
Grenoble | Chemin de fer de La Mure | −1,200 V, +1,200 V two wire system from 1903 to 1950. 2,400 V since 1950.[29] | ||
3,500 | Manchester | Bury – Holcombe Brook | operated 1913–1918 | |
6,000 | experiments in the late 1970s (3,000 V DC lines) |
AC voltage
Voltage | Frequency | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5,500 | 16 2⁄3 Hz | Murnau | Ammergau Railway | 1905–1955, after 1955 15 kV, 16.7 Hz | |
6,000 | 50 Hz | factory railway of Rheinbraun AG | |||
6,250 | London, Essex, Herts | Great Eastern suburban lines | Great Eastern suburban lines from Liverpool Street London, 1950s–c1980 (converted to 25 kV) | ||
Glasgow | Glasgow suburban lines | Sections of the North Clyde Line and Cathcart Circle Line from 1960-1970s | |||
6,300 | 25 Hz | Hamburg | Hamburg S-Bahn | Operated with AC 1907–1955. Used both AC and DC (1,200 V 3rd rail) 1940–1955. | |
6,500 | Sankt Pölten | Mariazellerbahn | |||
6,600 | Orkdal | Thamshavnbanen | |||
6,600 | 50 Hz | Cologne Lowland | Hambachbahn and Nord-Süd-Bahn | transports lignite from open-pit mines to powerplants | |
8 kV | 25 Hz | Karlsruhe | Alb Valley Railway | 1911–1966, today using 750 V DC | |
10 kV | The Hague - Rotterdam | Hofpleinlijn | from 1908, in 1926 converted to 1,500 DC, In 2006 replaced by 750 V DC light rail | ||
10 kV | 50 Hz | industrial railways at quarries | Russian Railways | operated from 1950s at coal and ore quarries | |
Ukrainian Railways | |||||
some private industrial railways in Kazakhstan | |||||
11 kV | 16 2⁄3 Hz | Graubünden | Rhätische Bahn (RhB) | Except the Bernina line, which is electrified at 1,000 V DC | |
Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB) | formerly Furka Oberalp Bahn (FO) and BVZ Zermatt-Bahn | ||||
25 Hz | Pennsylvania Railroad Etc., |
All lines now 12.5 kV 25 Hz or 12.5 kV 60 Hz See Railroad electrification in the United States | |||
50 Hz | Saint-Gervais-les-Bains | Mont Blanc Tramway | |||
12 kV | 16 2⁄3 Hz | lines in Pyrenees | Chemin de fer du Midi | most converted to 1,500 V 1922–23; Villefranche-Perpignan diesel 1971, then 1,500 V 1984 | |
12.5 kV | 25 Hz | Washington, DC - New York City | Northeast Corridor (NEC), Amtrak | 11 kV until 1978 | |
Harrisburg, PA to Philadelphia, PA | Keystone Corridor, Amtrak | 11 kV until 1978 | |||
Philadelphia | SEPTA | Regional Rail system only; 11 kV until 1978 | |||
Rahway to Aberdeen-Matawan, New Jersey | North Jersey Coast Line, New Jersey Transit | 11 kV until 1978 | |||
60 Hz | Aberdeen-Matawan to Long Branch, New Jersey | North Jersey Coast Line, New Jersey Transit | 1988-2002, today using 25 kV 60 Hz | ||
Pelham, NY-New Haven, CT | New Haven Line, Metro-North Railroad | ||||
20 kV | 50 Hz | Freiburg | Höllentalbahn | Operated 1933–1960. Converted to 15 kV 16 2⁄3 Hz. | |
Aix-les-Bains – La Roche-sur-Foron | Société Nationale des Chemins de fer (SNCF) | Operated 1950–1953. Converted to 25 kV 50 Hz. | |||
most electrified JR/the third sector lines in Hokkaidō and Tōhoku | JR East, JR Hokkaidō, and others | ||||
60 Hz | most electrified JR/the third sector lines in Kyūshū and Hokuriku region | JR Kyūshū and others | |||
50 kV | 50 Hz | Northern Cape, Western Cape | Sishen–Saldanha railway line | opened in 1976 and hauls iron ore | |
60 Hz | British Columbia | Tumbler Ridge Subdivision of BC Rail (Now Canadian National Railway) | Opened in 1983 to serve a coal mine in the northern Rocky Mountains. No longer in use. | ||
Arizona | Black Mesa and Lake Powell Railroad | First line to use 50 kV electrification when it opened in 1973. This is an isolated coal-hauling short line. | |||
Utah | Deseret Power Railroad | formerly Deseret Western Railway |
Three-phase AC voltage
Two wires
Voltage | Current | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
725 | 50 Hz, 3Ø | Zermatt – Gornergrat, Valais | Gornergratbahn | ||
750 | 40 Hz, 3Ø | Burgdorf – Thun | Burgdorf-Thun Bahn | Operated 1899–1933 converted to 15 kV 16 2⁄3 Hz in 1933 | |
800 | 60 Hz, 3Ø | Rio de Janeiro | Corcovado Rack Railway | ||
1125 | 50 Hz, 3Ø | Interlaken | Jungfraubahn | ||
3000 | 15 Hz, 3Ø | Northern Italy | Valtellina Electrification | 1902–1917 | |
50 Hz, 3Ø | Saint-Jean-de-Luz to Larrun | Chemin de Fer de la Rhune | |||
3000 | 16 Hz, 3Ø | Simplon Tunnel | Simplon Bahn, 1906–1930 | ||
3600 | 16 2⁄3 Hz, 3Ø | operated 1912–1976 in Upper Italy (more info needed) | |||
Porrettana railway | FS | 1927–1935 | |||
3700 | 16 2⁄3 Hz, 3Ø | Trento/Trient to Brenner | Brenner Railway | 1929 - 1965 | |
5200 | 25 Hz, 3Ø | Almeria – Gergal | 1911–1966? | ||
6600 | 25 Hz, 3Ø | Cascade Tunnel | Great Northern Railway (U.S.) | 1909 - 1929 | |
10 kV | 45 Hz, 3Ø | Roma - Sulmona | FS | 1929–1944[30] |
Three wires
Voltage | Current | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3000 V | 50 Hz | Kierberg | Zahnradbahn Tagebau Gruhlwerk | rack railway (0.7 km) operated 1927–1949 | |
10000 V | 50 Hz | Berlin-Lichterfelde (de) | test track (1.8 km); variable voltage and frequency; trial runs 1898–1901 | ||
14 kV (See notes) |
38 Hz - 48 Hz (See notes) |
Zossen - Marienfelde | test track (23.4 km); trial runs 1901–1904 variable voltage between 10 kV and 14 kV and frequency between 38 Hz and 48 Hz. | ||
50 Hz | Ship elevator of Krasnoyarsk Reservoir | length: 1.5 km, 9000 mm gauge |
Conductor rail systems (all DC voltage)
Conductor rail systems have been separated into tables based on whether they are top, side or bottom contact.
Top contact systems
Voltage | Type | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
50 | See notes | Brighton | Volk's Electric Railway | Volk's Railway prior to 1884 (current fed through running rails) | |
110 | third rail | Claims to be the world's oldest operational electric railway | |||
160 | Volk's Railway between 1884 and 1980s | ||||
100 | fourth rail | Beaulieu | Monorail at National Motor Museum | current fed by 2 contact wires | |
180 | See notes | Berlin-Lichterfelde | Siemens streetcar | Current fed through the running rails Operated 1881–1891 | |
200 | third rail | Southend | Southend Pier Railway | Until 1902[31] | |
250 | Hythe, Hampshire | Hythe Pier Railway | |||
Chicago, Illinois | Chicago Tunnel Company | Morgan Rack 1904, revenue service 1906–1908 | |||
400 | Berchtesgaden | Berchtesgaden Salt Mine Railway | |||
440 | London | Post Office Railway | Disused by post office since 2003[32] Now operated as tourist attraction[33] 150 V is used in station areas to limit train speed | ||
550 | Buenos Aires | Buenos Aires Metro (Subterráneos de Buenos Aires) | Only Line B | ||
630 | Isle of Wight | Island Line | |||
630 | 4th rail | London | London Underground (LUL) | Supplied at +420 V and -210 V (630 V total); It is proposed to increase the voltage to 750 V (+500 V and -250 V)[34] | |
650 | See notes | London | Euston to Watford DC Line | Third rail with fourth rail bonded to running rail To enable London Underground trains to operate between Queens Park and Harrow & Wealdstone. Similar bonding arrangements are used on the North London Line between Richmond and Gunnersbury and South West Trains Putney Bridge to Wimbledon. | |
660 | third rail | Southern Railway & LSWR | some areas up to 1939, original standard, mostly upgraded to 750 V (except for sections that operate with LUL stock). | ||
800 | Berlin | Berlin S-Bahn | discontinued, today 750 V | ||
825 | Pyongyang | Pyongyang Metro | uses old 750 V Berlin U-Bahn rolling stock | ||
1000 | San Francisco | Bay Area Rapid Transit | [35] | ||
1500 | Chambéry - Modane | Culoz–Modane railway | used between 1925 and 1976, today overhead wire |
Side contact systems
Voltage | Type | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
850 | third Rail | Martigny | Ligne de Saint Gervais - Vallorcine | ||
1200 | third Rail | Manchester | Manchester-Bury | Dismantled 1991, converted to Manchester Metrolink tramway (750 V DC overhead) | |
1200 | third Rail | Hamburg | Hamburg S-Bahn | Since 1940. Used both third rail DC (1200 V) and overhead line AC (6300 V 25 Hz) until 1955. Also uses German standard 15 kV, 16 2/3 Hz overhead electrification on the section between Neugraben and Stade on line S3, opened in December 2007. |
Bottom contact systems
Voltage | Type | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
650 | third rail | Vancouver | SkyTrain | Expo Line (1985) and Millennium Line (2006) | |
700 | third rail | New York | Metro-North Railroad | Hudson and Harlem Lines, southern part of New Haven Line. Original New York Central Railroad electrification scheme to Grand Central Terminal. | |
Philadelphia | Market-Frankford Line | Originally 600 V, raised to 700 V | |||
825 | third rail | Sofia | Sofia Metro | ||
Moscow | Moscow Metro | Nominal voltage: 825 V; allowed range: 550 V - 975 V[36] | |||
Saint Petersburg | Saint Petersburg Metro | ||||
Novosibirsk | Novosibirsk Metro | ||||
Nizhny Novgorod | Nizhny Novgorod Metro | ||||
Samara | Samara Metro | ||||
Yekaterinburg | Yekaterinburg Metro | ||||
Kazan | Kazan Metro | ||||
Kiev | Kiev Metro | FSU underground systems share the same standard[37] | |||
Kharkiv | Kharkiv Metro | ||||
Dnipro | Dnipro Metro | ||||
830 | third rail | Buenos Aires | Mitre Line | Retiro - José León Suárez Retiro - Bartolomé Mitre Retiro - Tigre | |
Once - Moreno | Sarmiento Line | ||||
850 | third rail | Villefranche | Ligne de Cerdagne | Often referred to as the "Yellow Train" | |
Vienna | Wiener Lokalbahn | ||||
900 | third rail | Brussels | Brussels Metro | ||
1500 | third rail | Guangzhou | Guangzhou Metro Line 4, Line 5 and Line 6 | Overhead wires in depots; all trains are equipped with pantographs | |
third rail | Shenzhen | Shenzhen Metro Line 3 | |||
third rail | Shanghai | Shanghai Metro Line 16 | Overhead wires in depot; all trains are equipped with pantographs | ||
third rail | Beijing | Beijing Subway Line 7 | |||
Special or unusual types
DC, plough collection from conductors in conduit below track
- London County Council Tramways, later operated by London Transport
- streetcars in New York City (Manhattan), New York
- Washington, D.C. streetcars
- Panama Canal locks' ship handlers (called mules)
DC, one ground-level conductor
- Wolverhampton Corporation Tramways, England (stud contact) (1902–1921)
- Bordeaux Tramway, France (conductor rail)
- Sydney Light Rail (tramway)(Under construction)
DC, two-wire
- Greenwich, England. Previously used by trams when in the vicinity of Greenwich Observatory; separate from trolleybus supply.
- Cincinnati, Ohio, US. Tram (streetcar) system used this arrangement throughout, probably due to legal constraints on ground return currents.
- Havana and Guanabacoa, Cuba. Tram (streetcar) systems in both cities used this arrangement.
- Lisbon, Portugal. Elevador da Bica, Elevador da Glória and Elevador da Lavra.
DC, power from running rails
- Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway (1881–1893), 180 V
- Ungerer Tramway (1886–1895)
- transportable railways as a ride for children
DC, four-rail
Voltage | Type | Contact system | Name of system | Location | Country | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
750 | guide bars | lateral to both guide bars (one guide connected to running rail) | Paris Metro | Paris | France | rubber-tyred lines only |
Lateral (positive) and top of running rails (negative) contact | Montreal Metro | Montreal | Canada | rubber-tyred lines | ||
Mexico City Metro | Mexico City | Mexico | rubber-tyred lines | |||
Third and fourth rail | lateral (positive) and top (negative) contact | Milan Transportation System | Milan | Italy | metro (only line 1) | |
Top contact | London Underground | London | UK | Transport for London[38] | ||
630 |
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ BS EN 50163 (2007).
- ↑ IEC 60850 (2007).
- 1 2 Schweers+Wall (2012), p. 66.
- ↑ "page 5" (PDF). valleymetro.org. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ↑ Sóller Website
- ↑ Schweers+Wall (2012), p. 11.
- ↑ Schweers+Wall (2012), p. 19.
- ↑ "Bahn S4/S10" [Railway S4/S10] (in German). SZU. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
- ↑ Barrow, Keith (14 March 2014). "Cairo to order new trains for metro Line 1". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ↑ "Cairo Metro Tender for New Rolling Stock". MENA RAIL POST. MENA RAIL POST. 16 March 2014. Archived from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ↑ Boddy et al. (1990), p. 139.
- ↑ Swain (1990), p. 19.
- ↑ Boddy et al. (1990), p. 135.
- ↑ Dixon (1994), p. 119.
- ↑ Boddy et al. (1990), p.101 & p.142
- ↑ Boddy et al. (1990), p. 92–93.
- ↑ Railway Gazette International April 2008, p 240
- ↑ Electrified D. L. & W. Time magazine archives Retrieved 2007-08-12
- ↑ "Western Railway sets stage for AC system - Times of India". timesofindia.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ↑ "From May 5, faster Central Railway with AC power - Times of India". timesofindia.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ↑ "Soon, faster trains on Kalyan-LTT route - Times of India". timesofindia.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ↑ "Central Railway plans DC/AC switch in May - Times of India". timesofindia.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ↑ "Israel Railways awards USD 500m electrification contract to Spanish SEMI". Think Railways. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ↑ http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2011/06/new-25kv-electrification-in-tunisia/
- ↑ "Espacio del Viajero: Conoce los Trenes" (in Spanish). Mexico City: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
Alimentación (Vcc. catenaria): 25000, 60Hz
- ↑ "TXU - Monticello Line". Trainweb.org. 1999-11-02. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
- ↑ "Railway Technical Info - Hungary". www.chiark.greenend.org.uk. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- 1 2 http://www.locomotives.com.pl/Electric%20Locomotives/EL2.htm
- ↑ "ERS - Presentation, La Mure". www.railfaneurope.net. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ↑ Cacozza, Marco (August 2016). "Three-Phase Electrification: An Italian Story". Today's Railways Europe #248.
- ↑ "Southend Pier Railway".
- ↑ Karslake, Colin. "Unofficial MailRail Website - Home". www.mailrail.co.uk. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ↑ https://www.postalmuseum.org/discover/attractions/mail-rail-ride/
- ↑ London Underground (October 2014), New Tube for London - Feasibility Report (PDF), p. 26
- ↑ "BART System Facts". San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
- ↑ "Rules of technical operation of undergrounds of the Russian Federation (Правила технической эксплуатации метрополитенов Российской Федерации)" (PDF) (in Russian). International Metro Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-10. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
- ↑ "Structures, devices and rolling stock of underground (Сооружения, устройства и подвижной состав метрополитена)" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
- ↑ "Tube | Transport for London". Tfl.gov.uk. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
References
- BS EN 50163 (2007), EN 50163: Railway applications. Supply voltages of traction systems, IET, archived from the original on 2007-02-13
- IEC 60850 (2007), IEC 60850: Railway applications - Supply voltages of traction systems (3rd ed.)
- Boddy, M.G.; Fry, E.V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Mallaband, Peter; Neve, E.; Price, J.H.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W.B. (April 1990). Fry, E.V., ed. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., part 10B: Railcars and Electric Stock. Lincoln: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-66-5.
- Dixon, Frank (1994) [1973]. The Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway. The Oakwood Library of Railway History (2nd ed.). Headington: Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-454-7. OL34.
- Schweers+Wall (2012). Eisenbahnatlas Schweiz. Verlag Schweers + Wall GmbH. ISBN 978-3-89494-130-7. ASIN 3894941308.
- Swain, Alec (1990). British Rail Fleet Survey 11: Overhead Line Electric Multiple-Units. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1902-9.
External links
- http://www.bahnstrom.de/bahnstromsysteme/weltweit_kopf.htm
- Map of European voltage-systems
- Southern Electric, England - details of electrification