Circle MRT line


Circle MRT line
Bishan MRT station, one of the most crowded stations on the Circle line.
Overview
Native name Laluan MRT Bulatan
地铁环线
இணைப்பு எம்ஆர்டி வழி
Type Rapid transit
System Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
Status Operational
Under planning (Stage 6)
Termini Dhoby Ghaut
Stadium (All trains departing from Marina Bay will end here during off-peak hours)
HarbourFront
Marina Bay
Stations 30 (Operational)
Services 3
Daily ridership 398,000 (May 2015)
Operation
Opened 28 May 2009 (2009-05-28) (Stage 3)
17 April 2010 (2010-04-17) (Stages 1 and 2)
8 October 2011 (2011-10-08) (Stages 4 and 5)
14 January 2012 (2012-01-14) (Circle line extension)
2025 (2025) (Stage 6)
Owner Land Transport Authority
Operator(s) SMRT Trains (SMRT Corporation)
Character Fully Underground
Depot(s) Kim Chuan
Rolling stock C830
C830C
C851E (Future)
Technical
Line length 35.5 km (22.1 mi) (Operational)
4 km (2.5 mi) (Under construction)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification 750 V DC third rail
Operating speed limit of 78 km/h (48 mph)
Route map

The Circle line (CCL) is a medium-capacity Mass Rapid Transit line in Singapore. It runs from Dhoby Ghaut and Marina Bay in the Central Area to HarbourFront in the south, with the line between Marina Bay and Stadium operated as a shuttle service during off-peak hours. The line is 35.5 kilometres (22.1 mi) long with 30 stations, all of which are underground. Travelling from one end of the line to the other takes about one hour. It is the second in Singapore to be completely automated and driverless and is among the world's longest driverless rapid transit lines.[1]. It is coloured yellow on the rail map, and is the only line with station code texts coloured black due to initial visibility issues. The line is the fourth MRT line to be opened, with the first section having opened on 28 May 2009.

The Circle line is the first medium capacity line in Singapore. Each Circle line train has a three-car configuration. As of May 2015, the daily ridership is 398,000.[2] The line reduces travelling time for commuters by shortening trips between northern, eastern and western Singapore, and bypassing busy interchange stations like City Hall and Raffles Place.[3] It is the third MRT line to be operated by SMRT, after the North South line and the East West line.

Overview

As the name implies, the line is an orbital circle route linking all radial routes leading to the city. It also covers many parts of the Central Area. From Promenade, the line branches into two, with one branch terminating at Dhoby Ghaut, and the other at Marina Bay. The Circle line interchanges with all other Mass Rapid Transit lines within Singapore, such as the North South line and East West line.

History

Plans for the Circle line were laid out in the 1980s, when the then Minister for Communications and Information, Dr Yeo Ning Hong stated that such a system "would be feasible when the population reaches four million."

The first five stations opened on the Circle line

The Circle line was first named as the Marina line in May 1998, initially planned as a 12-station underground line, starting from Chinatown and Dhoby Ghaut via the National Stadium to either Kallang or Paya Lebar station. However, the Chinatown leg was later truncated and was reduced to 6 stations up to Stadium station.[4] On the other hand, a further extension towards Upper Paya Lebar was added in the year 2000. The Marina line was also merged with an LRT line that goes from Paya Lebar to Buona Vista via Serangoon and Bishan to form Circle line Stage 3 and 4 in 2001. Circle line Stage 5 was finalised in February 2002 when Stage 4 was extended from Buona Vista to World Trade Centre to close up the link and to provide connectivity from the west to Sentosa, and it became the full Circle line in the end. Stations in Circle line that were a part of the original Marina line plans include Dhoby Ghaut, Bras Basah, Esplanade, Promenade, Nicoll Highway and Stadium. The part of the previously planned Marina line from Chinatown to Promenade is now part of the Downtown line.

Construction started on 13 March 2002 for Stage 1, 5 September 2002 for Stage 2, May 2003 for Stage 3, and January 2005 for Stage 4 -5, and the Circle line was supposed to be opened in stages from 2006 to 2010, with an estimated cost of S$6.7 billion, but the Nicoll Highway collapse caused the opening of the first stage to be delayed to 28 May 2009. When the line fully opened on 8 October 2011, the cost of construction had escalated to nearly S$10 billion.[5][6] Due to the re-alignment of the Nicoll Highway station to a new location, the station is only two-thirds the size of the original plan before the collapse. It was located 100 metres (330 ft) away from the original site.[7] Some stations on the Circle line were initially designed as 'shell stations', but the decision was made to open Caldecott and Haw Par Villa (previously Thomson and West Coast respectively), which leaves Bukit Brown as the only unopened station on the line.[5]

View of underground platform at Bishan station of the Circle line from ground level during construction in 2007
Bukit Brown station, the only "shell station"

Stage 3, a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) five-station segment stretching from Bartley to Marymount, was the first section of the line opened, on May 28, 2009. Initial ridership on this section was lower than estimated, at 32,000 passengers per day (ppd) instead of the estimated 55,000 ppd.[8] Tunneling works for the entire line were completed on August 17, 2009.[9] Stages 1 and 2 started operations on April 17, 2010,[10] Stages 4 and 5 on October 8, 2011,[11] and the final Circle line Extension on January 14, 2012. The line was also fully completed in October 2011 to commemorate SMRT's 24th anniversary.

Circle line stage 6

On 17 January 2013, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) announced 'Circle line stage 6' which will finally 'close the circle'. This 4 km extension runs between Marina Bay and HarbourFront.[12] This extension will connect commuters between HarbourFront to Marina Bay stations, and expand rail network to the southern edge of The Central Business District. On 29 October 2015, the LTA announced the station locations for stage 6. The working names of the stations are Keppel, Cantonment and Prince Edward. Tenders were called for construction between 2016 and 2017[13][14][15] and demolition, diversion and utility works commenced in 2017. Construction of stage 6 will begin earliest in 2018 and it is due for completion in 2025.[16] When the three new stations are completed, the CCL will have a total of 33 stations.[17]

On 15 May 2017, Land Transport Authority (LTA) invited the public to send in suggestions for names of the three new MRT stations. Their current working names are derived from their proximity to names of nearby locations. The public can also propose to keep their current names, which are Keppel, Cantonment and Prince Edward.[18][19] On 28 September 2018, the LTA finalised the names for Keppel and Cantonment, while Prince Edward was finalised as Prince Edward Road.[20]

Construction of the Circle line stage 6 commenced in late 2017. LTA said that a joint venture - by China State Construction Engineering (The Singapore branch) and Nishimatsu Construction - won the contract to build the new Keppel MRT station and its associated tunnels.[21][22]

Incidents

Nicoll Highway collapse

On 20 April 2004, a section of the tunnel being built for the Circle line collapsed, when a retaining wall used in the tunnel's construction gave way. This incident occurred near the proposed site of the Nicoll Highway station, not far from the Merdeka Bridge. The accident left a collapse zone that was 150 metres (490 ft) wide, 100 metres (330 ft) long, and 30 metres (98 ft) deep. Four workers were killed, three were injured.[23]

A criminal inquiry found the main contractor Nishimatsu Construction Company and joint venture partner firm Lum Chang Construction Company and their officers, as well as key Land Transport Authority officers responsible for the collapse. Several other officers and subcontractors were reprimanded and issued warnings in connection with the accident.[23]

As a result of this accident, the first phase of the Circle line, previously scheduled to open in 2008, was completed in 2009 instead. The affected station has been shifted about 100 metres (330 ft) away from the accident site and is now located at Republic Avenue.

This accident had also resulted in stricter safety regulations for the construction of all future MRT lines. The shifting of the Nicoll Highway station also meant it can no longer serve as a terminus for the Bukit Timah line, partially influencing the creation of the current Downtown line.

Other incidents

On 16 August 2007, the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) issued a stop-work order and revoked the contractor's tunnelling permit after a 7 metres (23 ft) stretch of two lanes sank about 20 centimetres (7.9 in), close to the junction of Telok Blangah Road and Alexandra Road in the evening, resulting in a halting of tunnelling works.[24]

A section of the road above a construction site near Holland Road caved in on the morning of 24 May 2008, creating a massive hole. The hole, directly in front of two private houses along Cornwall Gardens Road, measured 8 by 7 metres and was 3 metres deep. No one was injured, but the road was temporarily closed to traffic.[25]

Line disruptions

On 20 September 2011, a power fault disrupted train services on all 16 stations on the Circle line. The four hours delay left thousands of commuters stranded during rush-hour. It was reported that leaks and a damaged electrical cable along the Circle line were the cause of the disruption.[26] The disruption started at about 5.30 am. Train services were gradually restored from 8am and all services were restored just before 10am. Dakota and Mountbatten stations were the last two to resume operations.[27] Investigations were carried out. It was later found that a faulty cable beneath the platform level at Dakota station caused a power fault on Tuesday morning that affected train services at all 16 stations on the Circle line.[28] 27,000 passengers were affected by the disruption during the four hours delay, with bus bridging services plying the Circle line route.[29]

In late August 2016, intermittent signal interference led to a five-day series of train disruptions. The issue reappeared in November.[30][31] A team of data scientists explored the data and discovered via a Marey Chart visualization that it was caused by hardware problems, sending errant signals from a "rogue" train, PV46.[32][33]

Stations

Circle MRT Line
Left arrow ■ Jurong East
 
Left arrow ■ HarbourFront
 ■ Punggol Right arrow
 CC1  NS24  NE6 
 Dhoby Ghaut
 
 ■ Expo Right arrow
 CC2 
 Bras Basah
 CC3 
 Esplanade
 CE2  NS27  TE20 
 Marina Bay
Left arrow ■ Marina South Pier
 
 CE1  DT16 
 Bayfront
 CC4  DT15 
 Promenade
■ Bukit Panjang Right arrow
 
 CC5 
 Nicoll Highway
Kallang Basin
 CC6 
 Stadium
 CC7 
 Mountbatten
 CC8 
 Dakota
 Geylang River
 CC9  EW8 
 Paya Lebar
Left arrow ■ Pasir Ris
 ■ Tuas Link Right arrow
Pan Island Expressway
Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway
 CC10  DT26 
 MacPherson
Left arrow ■ Sungei Bedok
 ■ Bukit Panjang Right arrow
 CC11 
 Tai Seng
 Kim Chuan Depot
 CC12 
 Bartley
Left arrow ■ Punggol
 ■ HarbourFront Right arrow
 CC13  NE12 
 Serangoon
 CC14 
 Lorong Chuan
Central Expressway
 CC15  NS17 
 Bishan
Left arrow ■ Jurong East
 ■ Marina South Pier Right arrow
 CC16 
 Marymount
Left arrow ■ Woodlands North
 
 CC17  TE9 
 Caldecott
 ■ Sungei Bedok Right arrow
 
 CC18 
 Bukit Brown
Pan Island Expressway
Left arrow ■ Bukit Panjang
 ■ Sungei Bedok Right arrow
 CC19  DT9 
 Botanic Gardens
 CC20 
 Farrer Road
 CC21 
 Holland Village
Left arrow ■ Tuas Link
 ■ Pasir Ris Right arrow
 CC22  EW21 
 Buona Vista
 CC23 
 one-north
Ayer Rajah Expressway
 CC24 
 Kent Ridge
 CC25 
 Haw Par Villa
 CC26 
 Pasir Panjang
 CC27 
 Labrador Park
 CC28 
 Telok Blangah
 CC29  NE1 
 HarbourFront
 ■ Punggol Right arrow
 
 CC30 
 Keppel
 CC31 
 Cantonment
 CC32 
 Prince Edward Road
Station Number Station Name Images Interchange/Notes
 CC1  NS24  NE6 Dhoby GhautInterchange with the North South line and the North East line
 CC2 Bras Basah
 CC3 Esplanade
 CC4  DT15 PromenadeInterchange with the Downtown line

Change for train services towards Bayfront or Marina Bay stations

 CC5 Nicoll Highway 
 CC6 StadiumMarina Bay shuttle terminus during off-peak hours
 CC7 Mountbatten
 CC8 Dakota 
 CC9  EW8 Paya LebarInterchange with the East West line
 CC10  DT26 MacPhersonInterchange with the Downtown line
 CC11 Tai Seng 
 CC12 Bartley 
 CC13  NE12 SerangoonInterchange with the North East line
 CC14 Lorong Chuan 
 CC15  NS17 BishanInterchange with the North South line
 CC16 Marymount 
 CC17  TE9 CaldecottInterchange with the Thomson-East Coast line (2020)
 CC18 Bukit BrownReserved station; Not in operation
 CC19  DT9 Botanic GardensInterchange with the Downtown line
 CC20 Farrer Road 
 CC21 Holland Village 
 CC22  EW21 Buona VistaInterchange with the East West line
 CC23 one-north 
 CC24 Kent Ridge 
 CC25 Haw Par Villa 
 CC26 Pasir Panjang 
 CC27 Labrador Park 
 CC28 Telok Blangah 
 CC29  NE1 HarbourFrontInterchange with the North East line
Stage 6 (Under planning) (Completion by 2025)
 CC30 Keppel
 CC31 Cantonment
 CC32 Prince Edward Road
Circle line extension
 CE1  DT16 BayfrontCross-platform interchange with the Downtown line
 CE2  NS27  TE20 Marina BayInterchange with the North South line and the Thomson-East Coast line (2021)

The Circle line's numbering scheme reserves station code "CC18" for future use.

Rolling stock

The rolling stock consists of 40[34] Alstom Metropolis C830 trains[35] running in three-car formation. They are stabled at Kim Chuan depot, the world's largest underground depot when it opened in 2009.[36] 24 new Alstom Metropolis & Shanghai Electric C830C trains were delivered to SMRT from end July 2014.[37][38] They began operation on 26 June 2015. Currently all 24 C830Cs are in revenue service.

The automated CBTC system on board relies on "continuous two-way digital communication" between each controlled train and the control centre.

To facilitate the extension of the line with the construction of Stage 6, a tender for additional trains for the line was published on 31 March 2017.[39]

Train control

The Circle line is equipped with Alstom Urbalis 300 Communications-based train control (CBTC) moving block signalling system on the MASTRIA system with Automatic train control (ATC) under Automatic train operation (ATO) GoA 4 (UTO). The subsystems consist of Automatic train protection (ATP) to govern train speed, Iconis Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) to track and schedule trains and Smartlock Computer-based interlocking (CBI) system that prevents incorrect signal and track points to be set.

Train Data Management System (TDMS) which concentrate and dispatch the rolling stock information with fixed equipment. The IAGO Waveguide communications network has the capability to transmit video and is almost maintenance-free. Base stations are located within the signalling equipment room.

Automatic platform screen doors supplied by Westinghouse provide safety for commuters, offering protection from arriving and departing trains.

References

  1. ↑ "ALSTOM chosen for the world's longest fully automated metro line in Singapore". railway-technology.com. 2002-02-20.
  2. ↑ hermes. "Four more trains for Circle line as ridership rises". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
  3. ↑ "Circle line | Projects | Public Transport | Land Transport Authority". www.lta.gov.sg. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  4. ↑ Colin, Cheong (2012). The Circle line, Linking all lines. Straits Times Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-981-4342-02-5.
  5. 1 2 Colin, Cheong (2012). The Circle line, linking all ines. p. 46. ISBN 978-981-4342-02-5.
  6. ↑ "AsiaOne Transport". Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  7. ↑ "Circle line will exceed $6.7b budget" Christopher Tan, The Straits Times, 15 September 2007
  8. ↑ "News". Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  9. ↑ "Breaking News - The Straits Times". Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  10. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
  11. ↑ "Train crowding to ease with launch of full Circle line: Minister Lui". Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  12. ↑ "Circle line 6 - Projects - Public Transport - Land Transport Authority". Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  13. ↑ "Tender information | Land Transport Authority". www.lta.gov.sg. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  14. ↑ "Tender information | Land Transport Authority". www.lta.gov.sg. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  15. ↑ "Tender information | Land Transport Authority". www.lta.gov.sg. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  16. ↑ "Three new stations to close loop on Circle line". TODAYonline. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  17. ↑ "Circle line 6 | Projects | Public Transport | Land Transport Authority". www.lta.gov.sg. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  18. ↑ "LTA Invites Public to Suggest MRT station Names for Circle line 6 stations | Press Room | Land Transport Authority". www.lta.gov.sg. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  19. ↑ "Wanted: Names for 3 new Circle line stations". Channel NewsAsia. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  20. ↑ hermesauto (2018-09-28). "Excavation for Circle Line 6 to start in middle of next year". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2018-10-13.
  21. ↑ "First CCL6 contracts awarded by LTA". ChannelNewsAsia. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
  22. ↑ "Construction of Circle line 6 to start by end of 2017, first three civil contracts awarded". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  23. 1 2 "COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY CONCLUDES STRING OF CRITICAL DESIGN ERRORS CAUSED COLLAPSE AT NICOLL HIGHWAY" (PDF). 13 May 2005. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  24. ↑ "Stop-work order at Telok Blangah site is fourth this year on $6.7b MRT project" T. Rajan, The Straits Times, 22 August 2007
  25. ↑ "Road above Circle line construction site caves in" CNA Live, Channel NewsAsia, 24 May 2008
  26. ↑ "Leaks, damaged cable cause of 4-hour delay on Circle line". The Straits Times. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  27. ↑ "Thousands affected by Circle line disruption". Channel News Asia. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  28. ↑ "Faulty cable led to Circle line disruption". Channel News Asia. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  29. ↑ "Call for thorough probe on Circle line disruption". Channel News Asia. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  30. ↑ "Signal interference issue plagues Circle line again". TODAYonline. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  31. ↑ hermesauto (2016-11-02). "Circle line signal fault that caused train disruptions on Wednesday similar to problem in September: LTA, SMRT". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  32. ↑ "Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem". www.techinasia.com. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  33. ↑ datagovsg (2016-12-01). "How the Circle line rogue train was caught with data". Data.gov.sg Blog. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  34. ↑ Tuas West Extension Groundbreaking Ceremony Speech (PDF) (Speech). Land Transport Authority. 4 May 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2013.
  35. ↑ AWARD OF ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL SYSTEMS CONTRACT 830 FOR THE MARINA line Archived 2011-05-27 at the Wayback Machine.
  36. ↑ hermes. "Biggest underground train depot set to become even bigger". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
  37. ↑ "LTA and SMRT Award Contracts for New Trains and Re-Signalling Project". Land Transport Authority. 1 February 2012. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  38. ↑ "Alstom to supply 34 Metropolis trains and upgrade signaling on the system". 3 February 2012. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  39. ↑ "Tender information | Land Transport Authority". www.lta.gov.sg. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
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