Bačka Palanka

Bačka Palanka
Бачка Паланка
Town and municipality
A library in the city center

Coat of arms

Location of the municipality of Bačka Palanka within Serbia
Coordinates: 45°15′N 19°24′E / 45.250°N 19.400°E / 45.250; 19.400Coordinates: 45°15′N 19°24′E / 45.250°N 19.400°E / 45.250; 19.400
Country  Serbia
Province Vojvodina
District South Bačka
Settlements 14
Area[1]
 • Town 130.42 km2 (50.36 sq mi)
 • Municipality 589.84 km2 (227.74 sq mi)
Elevation 83 m (272 ft)
Population (2011 census)[2]
 • Town 28,239
 • Town density 220/km2 (560/sq mi)
 • Municipality 55,528
 • Municipality density 94/km2 (240/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code 21400
Area code +381 21
Car plates BP
Website www.backapalanka.rs
Orthodox church

Bačka Palanka (Serbian: Бачка Паланка, pronounced [bâːtʃkaː pǎlaːnka]) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated on the left bank of the Danube. In 2011 the town had a total population of 28,239, while Bačka Palanka municipality had 55,528 inhabitants.

Name

In Serbian, the town is known as Бачка Паланка or Bačka Palanka, in Slovak as Báčska Palanka, in Croatian as Bačka Palanka, in Hungarian as Bácspalánka, in German as Plankenburg and in Turkish as Küçük Hisar.

Its name means "a town in Bačka" in Serbian. The word "palanka" itself originates from Turkish language and means "town". This word was also adopted by Serbs and it is used in the Serbian language with the same meaning. Older Serbian names for this town were Palanka (Паланка), Stara Palanka (Стара Паланка), Nova Palanka (Нова Паланка) and Nemačka Palanka (Немачка Паланка).

History

Archeologists have proved that people have lived in the area for centuries. There are many archaeological objects from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman period.

In the 11th century, this area was populated by Hungarians and Serbs.[3] Bačka Palanka is first mentioned as a settlement in 1486, as a suburb of Ilok called Iločka. Until the 16th century, this area was administered by the Kingdom of Hungary.

At the beginning of the 16th century, the village was the property of landowner Laurence of Ilok, a duke of Syrmia. It was destroyed by the Ottomans after The Battle of Mohács in 1526, but was then rebuilt as small Ottoman fortress named Palanka. During the Ottoman administration (16th-17th century), Palanka was mostly populated by ethnic Serbs.[4]

In 1687 Palanka was included into the Habsburg Monarchy and more Orthodox Serbs settled here. Palanka was then mentioned as a small town with 167 houses, all of them Serb (1720 census data).[5] Later, Germans, Slovaks and Hungarians settled here as well.[3]

It was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier from 1702 to 1744. Nova Palanka (New Palanka) was founded between 1765 and 1770, 2 kilometers away from the original Palanka (which then became known as Stara Palanka - Old Palanka) and Nemačka Palanka (German Palanka) was founded by Danube Germans in 1783. Those three towns became one city, Bačka Palanka, in the 20th century.

Palanka's industrial development started in 1765, when a brick plant was built. It got its first post office in 1828. In 1875, one of the first libraries in Vojvodina was opened. In 1884 the Sintelon company was founded. In 1886, the first public school started working. By the year of 1894, a railroad was built from Bačka Palanka to Feketić and a first phone call was made with Novi Sad.

In the second half of the 19th century, the German population became more numerous than the Serbian.[6] According to the 1910 census, the population of Stara Palanka was mostly Serb, while populations of Nova Palanka and Nemačka Palanka were mostly German.[7]

The city was under Habsburg administration until 1918, when it became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed as Yugoslavia). During the World War II (from 1941 to 1944), it was under Axis (Horty Hungary) occupation. In 1944, one part of Bačka Palanka citizens of German ethnicity left from the city, together with the defeated German army. As a consequence of the war, the site of a post-World War II work camp for the remaining ethnic Germans (Donauschwaben) was formed here under new communist administration. After work camps were dissolved (in 1948), the remaining German population was expelled from Yugoslavia. To replace the Germans, 3,609 (mostly Serb) colonists settled in the town after World War II. Most of them originated from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

During the 1990s, about 5,000 refugees from Croatia and Bosnia moved to Bačka Palanka because of the Yugoslav wars. During the NATO bombing in 1999, Bačka Palanka was bombed by NATO twice, on 2 and 27 April. Both times the target was the Ilok–Bačka Palanka Bridge. It was only damaged, but not destroyed.

In 2002, 4 tons of fish stew were cooked at Kaloš Čarda at the Bager Lake in Bačka Palanka and it entered Guinness Book of Records.

Inhabited places

Map of Bačka Palanka municipality

Bačka Palanka municipality includes the city of Bačka Palanka and several villages.

Villages on the northern bank of the river Danube, in the region of Bačka:

Villages on the southern bank of the river Danube, in the region of Syrmia:

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
194846,795—    
195348,948+0.90%
196152,199+0.81%
197154,410+0.42%
198158,155+0.67%
199158,835+0.12%
200260,966+0.32%
201155,528−1.03%
Source: [8]

According to the last official census done in 2011, the municipality of Bačka Palanka has 55,528 inhabitants.

Ethnic composition of the town and municipality:

Ethnic group Population
(town)		 Population
(municipality)
Serbs23,15543,843
Slovaks1,0555,047
Hungarians1,0031,356
Roma2621,064
Croats520819
Yugoslavs117160
Montenegrins73133
Germans74105
Others1,9803,001
Total28,23955,528

Tourism

Tourism is developed in Bačka Palanka. The city is famous for Tikvara, a Natural Monument. Tikvara is a Danube lake. Tikvara covers an area of 5 square kilometres (1.9 square miles). The Tikvara Resort complex is built along the lake for practising various sports, recreational and entertaining activities. There are 33 archeological sites in the municipality. It is also known for Karađorđevo, which has a hunting ground and horse farm. People enjoy racing derbies in Karađorđevo. Bačka Palanka's Serbian Orthodox church St. John the Baptist is one of the oldest churches in Vojvodina. North of the town is the Bagremara forest.

Economy and industry

Industry in Bačka Palanka started developing in the 18th century. The first companies were built in the second half of the 18th century. A brick plant was opened in 1765, and a tobacco storehouse was opened a year later. In 1974 the Bridge of Youth was built to connect Bačka Palanka and Ilok in Croatia. Today, Bačka Palanka falls among the ten most developed municipalities in Vojvodina. Bačka Palanka municipality is an agricultural and industrial center. The main industries are food, metallurgy, textiles, electronic and machine industry. The most famous factories are Enia, Sintelon, Tarkett, Nectar, Dunavprevoz, AD Bačka, Carlsberg, Marina, Majevica, Plattner, Žitoprodukt, Budućnost and others.

The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2016):[9]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing755
Mining-
Processing industry4,772
Distribution of power, gas and water42
Distribution of water and water waste management471
Construction313
Wholesale and retail, repair1,894
Traffic, storage and communication867
Hotels and restaurants359
Media and telecommunications58
Finance and insurance166
Property stock and charter20
Professional, scientific, innovative and technical activities313
Administrative and other services224
Administration and social assurance615
Education777
Healthcare and social work605
Art, leisure and recreation117
Other services165
Total12,535

Sports

Stadium Slavko Maletin Vava, where FK Bačka plays

Sport is very popular in Bačka Palanka. People enjoy swimming in Lake Tikvara and cycling down the banks of The Danube. Sports include handball, football (soccer), basketball and karate. There is a chess tournament every year, Bačka Palanka Open.

The most famous sport clubs in Bačka Palanka are:

  • FK Bačka, the most popular and most successful football (soccer) club in the municipality, and the second division club's longest trail in northern Serbia after the football club Spartak Subotica, Proleter Zrenjanin and Novi Sad.
  • Stari Grad, football (soccer) club
  • Krila Krajine, football (soccer) club
  • Čsk Pivara, football (soccer) club in Čelarevo
  • Sintelon, handball club
  • Nopal, women's handball club
  • Sintelon, kayak club
  • Bačka Palanka, basketball club
  • Bačka Palanka, table tennis club

Politics

List of town mayors

  • Zvezdan Kisić (Socialist Party of Serbia), former
  • Kosta Stakić (Democratic Party), former
  • Dragan Bozalo (Serbian Radical Party dr Vojislav Šešelj), former

Municipal parliament

Seats in the municipality parliament won in the 2004 local elections:[10]

  • Serbian Radical Party (16)
  • Democratic Party (9)
  • Socialist Party of Serbia (6)
  • Democratic Party of Serbia (4)
  • Strength of Serbia Movement (3)
  • Serbian Renewal Movement (2)
  • Group of citizens "Club of Pivnice citizens" (2)

Seats in the municipality parliament after 2008 elections:[11]

  • SRS (18)
  • DS (13)
  • SPS (4)
  • DSS (4)
  • G17 (3)
  • PSS
  • SNP

Famous people

  • Alex Andjelic, ice hockey player and coach.
  • Antal Benda (1910-1997), a Hungarian field handball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. Born in Bačka Palanka.
  • Branislav Lončar, a Serbian sport shooter, European champion
  • Franz Eisenhut (1857-1903), a Danube Swabian Orientalist and Realist painter. Born in Bačka Palanka.
  • Milan Janić (1957–2003), a sprint canoeist, Olympic silver medalist and World champion. Born in Bačka Palanka.
  • Natasa Dusev-Janics, a Hungarian canoeist, six-time Olympic medalist. Born in 1982 in Bačka Palanka.
  • Zvezdan Jovanović, also known as Zveki and Zmija (Viper) assassinated former Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić on 12 March 2003.
  • Mihalj Kertes, director of Federal Customs Bureau of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a close associate and man of trust of Slobodan Milošević.
  • Kalman Konrad (1896–1980), one of the best football players in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 1910s. Born in Bačka Palanka.
  • Nikola Krstić, that earned the title of honorary citizen of this town, even though he originated from Belgrade.
  • Milan Kurepa (1933–2000), a renowned Serbian atomic physicist. Born in Bačka Palanka.
  • Milan Mačvan, Serbian basketball player, Olympic silver medalist
  • Aleksandar Petrović (Aca Seltik), singer of the band "Orthodox Celts" from Belgrade.
  • Đorđe Stojaković, Serbian revolutionary, active in the Revolutions of 1848.
  • Dragan Sudžum, handball player.
  • Žarko Šešum, handball player, sivler medalist at the European championships
  • Marko Vujin, handball player, sivler medalist at the European championships
  • Dragan Zorić, a Serbian flatwater canoer and current (2006) world champion. Born in 1979 in Bačka Palanka.

International relations

Twin towns - Sister cities

Bačka Palanka is twinned with:

See also

References

Bibliography
  • Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
Notes
  1. ↑ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  2. ↑ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2014. ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
  3. 1 2 "Историја". Backapalanka.rs. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  4. ↑ Dr Dušan J. Popović, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga 1, Novi Sad, 1990, page 113.
  5. ↑ Ivan Jakšić, iz popisa stanovništva Ugarske početkom XVIII veka, Novi Sad, 1966, pages 300-303.
  6. ↑ Dr Slobodan Ćurčić, Naselja Bačke - geografske karakteristike, Novi Sad, 2007, page 182.
  7. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
  8. ↑ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  9. ↑ "ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2017" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  10. ↑ Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ "Dragan Bozalo ponovo predsednik Opštine Bačka Palanka - RADIO-TELEVIZIJA VOJVODINE". Rtv.rs. Retrieved 2011-09-15.

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