Inđija

Inđija
Инђија
Town and municipality
The old Serbian Orthodox church

Coat of arms

Location of the municipality of Inđija within Serbia
Coordinates: 45°03′N 20°05′E / 45.050°N 20.083°E / 45.050; 20.083Coordinates: 45°03′N 20°05′E / 45.050°N 20.083°E / 45.050; 20.083
Country  Serbia
Province Vojvodina
District Srem
Settlements 11
Government
 • Mayor Vladimir Gak (SNS)
Area[1]
 • Town 47.96 km2 (18.52 sq mi)
 • Municipality 384.61 km2 (148.50 sq mi)
Elevation 116 m (381 ft)
Population (2011 census)[2]
 • Town 26,025
 • Town density 540/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
 • Municipality 47,433
 • Municipality density 120/km2 (320/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code 22320
Area code +381(0)22
Car plates IN
Website www.indjija.rs www.indjija.net

Inđija (Serbian Cyrillic: Инђија, pronounced [ǐndʑija]) is a town and a municipality located in the Srem District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011, the town has total population of 26,025, while the municipality has 47,433 inhabitants. It is located in the geographical region of Syrmia.

Name

According to the legend, the name of the town comes from Turkish word "ikindia" – meaning evening prayer and is related to the time after 1699 when the town fell under Turkish rule. On the other hand, there is the claim that the town was named after the name of Orthodox women – Inđija. Newest researches states that name of the city is taken from Latin word "Indigena" meaning "indigenous". This theory is most relevant, due to presence of ancient Illyrian, Celtic and Roman settlements in neighbourhood of modern Inđija. In Serbian, the town is known as Inđija (Инђија), in Croatian as Inđija, in Hungarian as Ingyia, in German as India, in Slovak as India or Indjija, and in Rusyn as Индїя.

History

Map of Inđija municipality - Town of Inđija with surrounding villages.
SVG map of Municipality of Indjija's settlements

The first verifiable evidence of Inđija's existence is in the Charter of Despot Jovan Branković from 1496, but it may have existed as early as 1455 as possession of Hungarian noble family Sulyok. During the Ottoman administration (16th-18th centuries), Inđija was mostly populated by ethnic Serbs, and was part of the Ottoman Sanjak of Syrmia.

Since 1717, Inđija was part of the Habsburg Monarchy, and became a feudal domain of Count Marko Pejačević of the Pejačević family that originated from Chiprovtsi, Bulgaria. The old medieval Inđija was placed a little bit to the north than today town. The present-day Inđija was founded by the Serb settlers from Beška and Patka in 1746. According to the description from 1746 it had 60 households, while in 1791 it has already grown to 122 households with 1,054 residents. In the second half of the 18th century, this new settlement was mostly populated by ethnic Serbs. Germans and Czechs start settling in Inđija at the beginning of the 19th century, while Hungarians migrated there towards the end of the century. During the time, Germans became dominant population in the town.

In the middle of the 18th century, Inđija became part of the Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Slavonia, which also was part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia and of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. In 1848-1849, it was part of autonomous Serbian Vojvodina, while from 1849 to 1860 it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar. Since 1860 Inđija was again part of the Kingdom of Slavonia, which in this time was a completely separate Habsburg crownland. Kingdom of Slavonia was subsequently (in 1868) joined with the Kingdom of Croatia into newly formed Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, which, following the 1868 Croatian–Hungarian Settlement, became an autonomous kingdom within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary and Austria-Hungary.

First fairs started to take place in Inđija at the beginning of the 19th century, when the state's postal service was established. Telegraph became operational in Inđija in 1850, while postal money transfers commenced in 1886. The first bank was established in 1897, and the first trade school in 1897. The first electric plant in Inđija started with its operations in 1911.

The industrial progress in Inđija was initiated with the establishment of mills in the mid 19th century, and the first larger steam operating mill, with a capacity of 10 cars of wheat per day, was built by a company from Budapest in 1890. After the mills, the brick factories followed, while the carpentry tradition and furniture production started in 1876. At the beginning of the 20th century, a famous fur factory was established, while the spirits factory was built in 1912.

Industrial development of Inđija is largely related to the development of railroad infrastructure. The railroad reached Inđija in 1883, from two directions: from Subotica and Zagreb in the north and west respectively, continuing towards Belgrade. This has practically positioned Inđija on the crossroads of two key Balkan railroad directions.

Since 1918, Inđija was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929). After the World War I, first factories were established producing anything from strollers for children, nails, jam, powdered eggs, and parachutes, to textiles and metal processing industry right after the World War II. In the first half of the 20th century Inđija became a traditional trading destination and headquarters of successful trade companies. The first modern road in Serbia the so-called "International Road" (Novi Sad–Beograd) passed through Inđija in 1939.

Prior to World War II, 5,900 of the total population of 7,900 was composed of ethnic Germans. The town was at the time one of the most developed settlements in Vojvodina, and a spiritual and cultural center of Germans in the Syrmia region.

During the World War II (1941–1944), the town belonged to the Independent State of Croatia. After the defeat of Axis Powers, in 1944, most of the Yugoslav Germans left from the country together with defeated German army. Those who remained in Yugoslavia were sent to prison camps. After camps were abolished (in 1948), most of the remaining Yugoslav Germans were expulsed to Germany. After 1944, new migratory patterns intensified and, according to 1953 census, Inđija was mainly populated by Serbs. Population of the town increased from 7,758 in 1948 to 26,247 in 2002.

As of the 2002 census, 87.61% of the town population are Serbs, while it also maintained its old cosmopolitan spirit of inter-ethnic tolerance. Inđija is also one of the economically most advanced Serbian municipalities, and a premium investment destination.

Inhabited places

Inđija municipality includes the town of Inđija and the following villages:

Demographics

Pedestrian zone with a monumental square and TQ City
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
194827,600—    
195329,287+1.19%
196136,484+2.78%
197140,530+1.06%
198144,151+0.86%
199144,185+0.01%
200249,609+1.06%
201147,433−0.50%
Source: [3]

According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Inđija has 47,433 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups

Most of the settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority. The settlement with Slovak ethnic majority is Slankamenački Vinogradi.

The ethnic composition of the municipality:[4]

Ethnic group Population
Serbs40,871
Croats1,569
Hungarians829
Romani426
Ukrainians391
Slovaks380
Yugoslavs210
Montenegrins117
Macedonians71
Slovenians46
Russians39
Germans34
Muslims19
Others2,431
Total47,433

Economy



Railways in Inđija
to S. Karlovci
Danube River
Sremski Karlovci
Inđija
Čortanovci–Dunav
Čortanovci
Beška
 Inđija–pustara
 Inđija
 ThyssenKrupp
Inđija–selo
Golubinci
Inđija
Stara Pazova
Inđija
Ruma
to Stara Pazova
to Putinci

The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2016):[5]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing206
Mining5
Processing industry2,076
Distribution of power, gas and water11
Distribution of water and water waste management46
Construction87
Wholesale and retail, repair1,827
Traffic, storage and communication359
Hotels and restaurants106
Media and telecommunications93
Finance and insurance142
Property stock and charter10
Professional, scientific, innovative and technical activities313
Administrative and other services211
Administration and social assurance371
Education605
Healthcare and social work782
Art, leisure and recreation83
Other services189
Total11,208

Society and culture

New Orthodox church
Municipality building in Indjija

Culture

Numerous cultural historical monuments, modern and prehistoric, are testify to the turbulent history of this region. Remains of Roman and medieval fortress and a monument to the Battle of Slankamen talk about the strategic importance of this area of the Danube, which was the border of various empires through history.

Urban core Indjija dates from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, from the period of industrial development and the period of German nationality residents settling when building of Municipal Administration, house of Vojnovics,[6] the Roman Catholic Church of St. Peter, the building of the presbytery and townhouses with frontage eclectically designed with elements Baroque, Classical, Renaissance and Art Nouveau were built. Somewhat earlier Church "Vavedenja presvete Bogorodice" was formed, which by its proportions, is one of the most beautiful and most suitable buildings in Srem preserved from the eighteenth century.

With its new pedestrian zone with a monumental square, modern building of the Cultural Center[7] floral arrangements and street furniture, Indjija builds an image of the European city tailored for a modern man.

On June 26, 2007 there was a concert of The Red Hot Chili Peppers held in Inđija. The concert lasted for about 1 hour and 20 minutes and was a part of Green Fest. Around 90,000 to 100,000 people, many of them from neighbouring countries, came to see one of today's most popular bands.

Sport

Inđija has a football club FK Inđija competed in the Serbian First League and an American football club Inđija Indians competing in the SAAF league. Woman handball club ŽRK Železničar Inđija finished sixth in Handball Super League of Serbia for Woman.[8] Basketball club named Železničar is currently playing in third division, but has participated in Basketball League of Serbia in 2011-12 season.

Indjija was elected as one of the hosts of the 2009 Summer Universiade, which was held in Serbia in July 2009.

Education

Indjija has 10 elementary school, 3 middle schools[9] and Faculty of Technical Sciences(Novi Sad) Department for Software Engineering[10]

Elementary schools
  • Dušan Jerković
  • Petar Kočić
  • Jovan Popović
  • Braća Grulović - Beška
  • Branko Radičević - Maradik
  • Dr Đorđe Natošević - Novi Slankamen
  • Ruža Đurđević Crna, Čortanovci
  • Slobodan Bajić Paja, Novi Karlovci
  • 22. jul, Krčedin
  • Petar Kočić - Ljukovo
Middle Schools
  • Technical School Mihajlo Pupin
  • Đorđe Natošević School
  • Gymnasium (Gimnazija) Indjija

Religion

Inđija has two main churches: Serbian Orthodox Church (from 1756) and Roman Catholic Church (from 1867-1872). There is also a new Orthodox church. Smaller, home-based, Protestant congregations also exist.

Notable people

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

Inđija is twinned with following cities and municipalities:[11]

References

  1. ↑ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  2. ↑ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2014. ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
  3. ↑ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). Stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  4. ↑ "ETHNICITY Data by municipalities and cities" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  5. ↑ "ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2017" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  6. ↑ "Turistička organizacija opštine Inđija - Kuća Vojnovića". Indjija-tourism.com. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  7. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-27. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  8. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  9. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  10. ↑ "U Inđiji prva generacija studenata na budžetu". Blic.rs. 28 November 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-02-06. Retrieved 2009-04-23.

See also

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