Bor, Serbia

Bor
Бор
City
Bor

Flag
Coat of arms

Location of the city of Bor within Serbia
Coordinates: 44°05′N 22°06′E / 44.083°N 22.100°E / 44.083; 22.100Coordinates: 44°05′N 22°06′E / 44.083°N 22.100°E / 44.083; 22.100
Country  Serbia
Region Southern and Eastern Serbia
District Bor
City status June 2018
Settlements 14
Government
 • Mayor Aleksandar Milikić (SNS)
Area[1]
 • Urban 47.62 km2 (18.39 sq mi)
 • Administrative 856 km2 (331 sq mi)
Elevation 381 m (1,250 ft)
Population (2011 census)[2]
 • Urban 34,160
 • Urban density 720/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
 • Administrative 48,615
 • Administrative density 57/km2 (150/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code 19210
Area code +381 30
Car plates BO
Website www.opstinabor.rs

Bor (Serbian Cyrillic: Бор) is a city and the administrative center of the Bor District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the city administrative area has a population of 48,615 inhabitants. Bor is the second largest town in eastern Serbia after Zajecar.

It has one of the largest European copper mines - RTB Bor. It has been a mining center since 1904, when a French company began operations there.[3]

Name

The name is derived from the Serbian word Bor (Бор), meaning "pine".

Geography

Bor is surrounded by many beautiful locations such as Banjsko Polje, Brestovačka Banja spa, Borsko Jezero lake, and Stol mountain, and is very close to Mount Crni Vrh.

Climate

Bor has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb) with pleasantly warm summers, cold winters and uniformly distributed precipitation throughout the year.

Climate data for Bor
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6)		 3.8
(38.8)		 9.6
(49.3)		 15.2
(59.4)		 20.2
(68.4)		 23.4
(74.1)		 25.9
(78.6)		 25.9
(78.6)		 22.2
(72)		 15.7
(60.3)		 7.9
(46.2)		 3.2
(37.8)		 14.6
(58.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.0
(30.2)		 0.5
(32.9)		 5.1
(41.2)		 10.0
(50)		 14.8
(58.6)		 17.8
(64)		 19.8
(67.6)		 19.6
(67.3)		 16.1
(61)		 10.8
(51.4)		 4.5
(40.1)		 0.6
(33.1)		 9.9
(49.8)
Average low °C (°F) −4.0
(24.8)		 −2.8
(27)		 0.7
(33.3)		 4.8
(40.6)		 9.4
(48.9)		 12.3
(54.1)		 13.7
(56.7)		 13.4
(56.1)		 10.1
(50.2)		 5.9
(42.6)		 1.1
(34)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 5.2
(41.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 44
(1.73)		 43
(1.69)		 45
(1.77)		 55
(2.17)		 77
(3.03)		 85
(3.35)		 65
(2.56)		 53
(2.09)		 48
(1.89)		 44
(1.73)		 55
(2.17)		 56
(2.2)		 670
(26.38)
Source: Climate-Data.org [4]

Flora and Fauna

The Lazar's Canyon is now home to rare plants - Crimean pine, relict species of Taxus and Serbian rhammondies, and animals like: Chamois, Golden eagles, True owl, Peregrine falcon also, endemic Arthropods and Bats.

History

Neolithic Bubanj-Salkuca culture ceramics and anthropomorphic-zoomorphic figurines were found in Krivelj.[5]

In 1903 the mine of Bor was opened which was important moment for the development of Bor.

On 27 March 1941, Nazi Germany leader Hitler ordered the attack on Yugoslavia. The Führer’s directive No. 25 mentioned that the possession of Bor's copper mines is very important for military purposes. In 1943, Hungarian-Jewish forced laborers were imprisoned nearby the mines which should be covered 50 percent of the copper requirement of the German war industry. In the period from July 1943 to September 1944, at least 6,000 people were imprisoned.[6]

In September 1944, the evacuation of the forced labor camp started. On 17 September, a column of about 3,600 prisoners left the camp under supreme command by guards of the Hungarian military which were about 100 strong and supported by Kapos. The prisoners were pushed to a pontoon bridge close to Smederovo and then via Pančevo to Baja. From Pančevo to Titel, the Hungarian guards were supported by paramilitary operation echelon Hermann Göring of regional Danube Swabians. In Titel, the authority was returned to Hungarian military. A part of the column had to march to Baja, where they were then transported by train to concentration camps in Flossenbürg, Sachsenhausen and Oranienburg. The other part was used to build the south-east wall.

During the forced march on the way to Smederovo there were several attacks by Yugoslav partisans on the guards. Meanwhile, some prisoners were able to flee to the partisans and thus find life-saving protection. Throughout the route, prisoners were fed food from a majority of Serbian people on every possible occasion. According to surviving eyewitnesses, the responsible Hungarian captain decided that settlements of settlements mostly populated by Germans are to be covered during the night after crossing the Danube.

On 19 September, a second column of about 2,500 prisoners with Kapo guards left the camp under the command of units of SS-Polizei-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment Nr. 18. The prisoners were pushed via Belgrade to Pančevo and then across territory of Autonomous Banat and Hungarian territory to the west. From Pančevo to Titel, the column was under supreme command of paramilitary operation echelon of regional Danube Swabians. In Titel, the authority was returned to Hungarian military. A part of the column had to march to Baja, where they were then transported by train to concentration camps in Bergen-Belsen and Buchenwald. The other part was used to build the south-east wall. Among the surviving inmates were people like László Lindner, Gyula Trebitsch and the father of Ákos Kertész. Among the killed prisoners is Miklós Radnóti.[7][8]

In 1947, Bor received the town status by charta of political authorities. At the time its population was 11,000.

In June 2018, Bor gained the status of a city, along with Prokuplje.[9]

Settlements

Aside from the city proper area, the city includes the following settlements:[10]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
194834,831—    
195338,688+2.12%
196143,448+1.46%
197152,849+1.98%
198156,486+0.67%
199159,900+0.59%
200255,817−0.64%
201148,615−1.52%
Source: [11]

According to the 1910, 1931 and 1971 censuses, the inhabitants of urban area of Bor numbered 2,613 in 1910, 4,749 in 1931 and 29,118 residents in 1971. According to the 2011 census, the population of the Bor numbered 48,615 residents, while the urban area of Bor had 34,160 residents.[12][13][14]

Ethnic groups

With the total of 32 different ethnics being represented among the population, Bor is one of the most ethnically mixed cities in Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the settlements in the city of Bor with Serb ethnic majority were: Bor, Brestovac, Donja Bela Reka, and Oštrelj. The settlements with Vlach ethnic majority were: Bučje, Gornjane, Krivelj, Luka, Metovnica, Tanda, Topla, and Šarbanovac. Ethnically mixed settlements were: Zlot (relative Serb majority) and Slatina (relative Vlach majority).

The ethnic composition of the city:

Ethnic group2002 census2011 census
Serbs39,98935,435
Vlachs10,0646,701
Roma1,2591,758
Macedonians540429
Romanians107293
Albanians115113
Others3,7433,886
Total55,81748,615

Ethnic groups in Bor: Serbs, Vlachs, Roma, Macedonians, Romanians, Albanians, Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Gorani, Bunjevci, Yugoslavs, Montenegrins, Croatians, Slovenians, Hungarians, Muslims, Germans, Greeks, Slovaks, Russians, Rusyns, Chinese, Ukrainians, Italians, Turks, Ashkali, Czechs, Poles, Jews, Canadians, Belarusians.

Economy

Copper mining, mainly of the biggest employer RTB Bor, is the key basis of the Bor's economy. In 2017, the Government of Serbia obliged to find a strategic partner or buyer until March 2018, in a memorandum with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).[15] The sale was later postponed until June 2018.[16]. Three companies - Zijin Mining from China, Diamond fields international from Canada and U gold from Russia - have placed bids in a tender for a strategic partner.[17]

Few Canadian companies operated in Bor. The Canadian company Nevsun Resources will invest close to USD 600 million in the opening of the copper and gold mine Cukaru Peki near Bor, in a joint venture (“JV”) with American Freeport-McMoRan Inc., (FMCG) often called "Freeport", a mining company based in the Freeport-McMoRan Center, in Phoenix, Arizona.[18]. Beside Nevsun, other Canadian companies in Bor are Dundee, Rakita and Avala resources, while the new smelter and sulfuric acid plant for RTB Bor were built by Canada's SNC Lavalin. Many companies from Canada, caused that Canadians settle to the city and become a new ethnic group in Bor.[19]

In 2018, the average gross monthly wage in the city of Bor was US$750 (€643, 76078 RSD, 5115 CNY, 4627 Turkish liras) - As of May 2018 [20] This average monthly wage is set to receive a large increase as soon as the modernizing of RTB Bor begins (including the flow-on effects, i.e. Further business investment in the city, etc.)

The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2016):[21]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing69
Mining2,034
Processing industry2,658
Distribution of power, gas and water288
Distribution of water and water waste management340
Construction305
Wholesale and retail, repair1,430
Traffic, storage and communication594
Hotels and restaurants275
Media and telecommunications133
Finance and insurance160
Property stock and charter24
Professional, scientific, innovative and technical activities398
Administrative and other services330
Administration and social assurance758
Education985
Healthcare and social work1,060
Art, leisure and recreation254
Other services165
Total12,260

Culture and society

Cultural center

Education

Technical Faculty of Bor[22][23] is a faculty of the University of Belgrade, with a tradition dating back to 1961. The Faculty was accredited as a scientific-research organisation in the area of technical-technological science in 2007. So far 1804 students graduated from this faculty, in addition to 18 students that completed specialist studies, 122 master studies and 70 students that defended doctoral theses.

Elementary schools

  • "3. October"
  • "Branko Radičević"
  • "Dušan Radović"
  • "Saint Sava"
  • "Vuk Karadžić"
  • "Petar Radovanović"
  • "Stanoje Miljković"
  • "Đura Jakšić"
  • "Vidovdan"

High schools

  • "Vidovdan"
  • "Bora Stanković"
  • "Technical school"
  • "Economic-trade school"
  • "School of Electrical Engineering"
  • "Academy Dositej - Medical school (department)"

University education

  • "Technical faculty of Bor"
  • "Technical and mechanical engineering college Trstenik (department)"

Sports

Bor Sports Center (Serbian: Спортски центар Бор/Sportski centar Bor) is an indoor sporting arena. The capacity of the arena is 3,000 people in the seating area, and 4,500 in the ground level area.[24]

The most famous club in the city is definitely FK Bor football club, which spent several seasons in the top division, the Yugoslav First League, participating in the European Cup Winners Cup in the season of 1968/69, and played in the national Cup Finale in season 1967/1968 against Red Star Belgrade.

FK Bor is currently part of Bor District league, which is the Fifth tier league in Serbia, while another city club, FK Slatina Bor, is in Zone League East, the fourth-level football league in Serbia. In the season 2018-2019, three clubs from Bor will take part in the top level national league competitions. ZKK Bor will play in the First Women's Basketball League of Serbia, ZJRK Bor in Serbian First League of Handball for Women, while American football team Golden Bears Bor is in the top-level American Football League of Serbia.

Under the auspices of the Public Utility "Sportski Centar Bor" is the Bor Airport, with a paved runway, where traditional sport air show "Fly in" used to be held.[25]

Tourism

City of Bor is surrounded by many beautiful locations. Borsko jezero (Bor Lake) is a tourist attraction for many domestic and foreign tourists, and it is less than 20 km away from the city center. It is popular in the summer, when the water temperature reaches 25 °C (77 °F) and it has two beaches. There is a bus line from the city center and back, during the summer.

During the winter, popular destinations for tourists are many mountains around Bor. Crni Vrh is a mountain just 30 km from the city center. Highest peak has an elevation of 1,043 m (3,422 ft) above sea level. It has several ski tracks and the ski lift. The main ski track is 1100 m long and has height span of 260 m. Just 16 km from the city center there is another mountain Stol. Its highest peak has an elevation of 1,156 meters above sea level. Like nearby Veliki Krš and Mali Krš, Stol has a number of pronounced karst formations. It is a popular destination for Mountaineering. It has a ski lift and well equipped ski trails. Mountain Rtanj in Boljevac municipality is 50 km away from Bor.

The Lazareva Pećina, which translates Lazar's Cave, is the longest explored cave in Serbia.[26]. It is located 21 km from the city center. According to 2012's Recent Landform Evolution: The Carpatho-Balkan-Dinaric Region, the cave is 9,407 metres (5.845 mi) long.[26] The cave is situated near the entrance of the deep canyon carved into the mountains by the river Zlotska.[27]. Bogovina cave is also near Bor, just about 30 km away.

Lazar's Canyon is located at about 10 kilometers from Bor. This is the deepest and longest canyon in eastern Serbia. Because of its steep rocky cliffs, the canyon has not yet been fully examined. Passing through canyon it is a real adventure, at times quite challenging and arduous. In many places it is necessary to clamber over the rocks.

Brestovac Spa is one of oldest spas in Serbia, located just 8 km from the city center. Health treatment are done with slightly sulphurous and oligomineral water with temperature of 20 to 41 °C. The Spa is for treatment and curing diseases and injuries to the muscles and bones. Especially relevant cured diseases are degenerative rheumatic diseases, rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, swelling and pain. And also chronic joint diseases, muscle disorders lumbago – lower back pain. More gynecological diseases, upper respiratory mucous membrane inflammation, skin conditions, increased diuresis, low level of stomach acid, digestive tract diseases. Furthermore kidney diseases and nerve diseases. Water is rich with potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, iodine, sulfate and also carbonate. Ways of treatment are drinking and bathing.

The Residence of Prince Miloš (Serbian: Конак кнеза Милоша) is a royal residence in the Brestovac Spa.

Bor zoo (Serbian: Борски зоолошки врт), is a zoo located in Bor, Serbia. It was founded in 2011, and it is one of four zoos in Serbia and is also considered to be one of the most attractive public zoos in southeastern Europe. [28] The zoo covers an area of 2,5 hectares (6,17 acres) and holds about 140 animals representing more than 70 different wild and exotic species of animals as well as domestic and indigenous ones.

Park Museum is an "open museum" located from the city center, and through the main streets "Mose Pijade" and "Zeleni bulevar" with mining exhibits. It is possible to see them from a vehicle or from a sidewalk.

Paragliding is very popular in this part of Serbia, considering there are several excellent locations for this sport, such as mountains Crni Vrh and Stol.

Politics

Seats in the municipal parliament won in the 2018 local elections[29]:

Local media

Notable Citizens

Đorđe Vajfert

Twin Towns and Sister Cities

Bor is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  2. ↑ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2014. ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
  3. ↑ "Bor (Serbia) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  4. ↑ "Climate: Bor, Serbia". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  5. ↑ "[Projekat Rastko] Nikola Tasic: Eneolitske kulture centralnog i zapadnog Balkana". Rastko.rs. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  6. ↑ Eleonore Lappin-Eppel, Ungarisch-Jüdische Zwangsarbeiter und Zwangsarbeiterinnen in Österreich 1944/45. Arbeitseinsatz – Todesmärsche – Folgen. LIT, Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-643-50195-0, p. 18.
  7. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The Politics of Genocide. The Holocaust in Hungary. Volume 1, Columbia University Press, New York 1981, ISBN 0-231-05208-1, p. 335-359. Daniel Blatman: The Death Marches. The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge and London 2011, ISBN 978-0-674-05049-5, p.65-66. Erhard Roy Wiehn, Zwangsarbeit, Todesmarsch, Massenmord. Erinnerungen überlebender ungarischer Zwangsarbeiter des Kupferbergwerks Bor in Jugoslawien 1943-1944. Hartung-Gorre, Konstanz 2007, ISBN 978-3-86628-129-5.
  8. ↑ Memorial to the poet Miklós Radnóti on Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance, retrieved on 2017-12-20. Zsuszanna Ozsváth, In the footsteps of Orpheus : the life and times of Miklós Radnóti, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2000, ISBN 0-253-33801-8, GVK - GBV Union Catalogue, retrieved on 2017-12-20.
  9. ↑ "Srbija dobila još dva grada". b92.net (in Serbian). Tanjug. 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  10. ↑
  11. ↑ Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia, Volume 20: Comparative overview of the number of population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade 2014, p. 95, retrieved on 2017-12-21.
  12. ↑ RÉSULTATS PRÉLIMINAIRES DU DÉNOMBREMENT DE LA POPULATION ET DES ANIMAUX DE FERME DANS LE ROYAUME DE SERBIE LE 31 DÉCEMBRE 1910, Direction de la Statistique d'État, Belgrade 1911, p.60, PDF on the Website by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, retrieved on 2017-12-21.
  13. ↑ Opšta Državna Statistika: Definitivni rezultati popisa stanovništva od 31 marta 1931 godine. Knjiga 2: Prisutno stanovništvo po veroispovesti. Opšta Državna Statistika, Beograd 1938, p. 76. Popis stanovništva i stanova 1971, Knjiga 7: Stanovništvo i domaćinstava u 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971. Savezni zavod za statistiku. Beograd 1975, p. 289.
  14. ↑ 2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia, Volume 20: Comparative overview of the number of population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade 2014, p. 95, retrieved on 2017-12-21.
  15. ↑ Telesković, Anica (26 December 2017). "Tender za RTB Bor do kraja marta 2018. godine". politika.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  16. ↑ "Odlaže se prodaja RTB Bor". blic.rs (in Serbian). Tanjug. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  17. ↑ "Serbia receives three bids in tender for RTB Bor strategic partner". SeeNews. 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  18. ↑ |url=http://cansee.biz/en/news_events/details/281|accessdate=21 February 2018|date=2 April 2018|language=English}}
  19. ↑ "VUČIĆ U BORU: Na gradilištu samo Kanađani, gde su naši?". kurir.rs (in Serbian). 16 June 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  20. ↑ Average salaries and wages paid in May 2018
  21. ↑ "ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2017" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  22. ↑ "Technical Faculty of Bor History (English)".
  23. ↑ "Technical Faculty of Bor".
  24. ↑ "Ustanova Sportski Centar Bor". EKapija Business Portal.
  25. ↑ D. Stojanović (2010-07-19). "Aerodrom u Boru bez struje i vode". Blic.
  26. 1 2 Lóczy, Dénes; Miloš Stankoviansky; Adam Kotarba (2 January 2012). Recent Landform Evolution: The Carpatho-Balkan-Dinaric Region. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 359. ISBN 978-94-007-2448-8.
  27. ↑ Tasić, Nikola (1995). Eneolithic cultures of central and west Balkans. Draganić. p. 172.
  28. ↑ "TO Bor". tobor.rs.
  29. ↑ https://rtvbor.rs/vesti/vesti/izbori-2018/7787-kona%C4%8Dni-rezultati-lokalnih-izbora-u-boru-%C4%8Detiri-politi%C4%8Dke-opcije-u-lokalnom-parlamentu]
  30. ↑ "Solaris media". e novine.
  31. ↑ "Ist media". Vesti iz Borskog i Zaječarskog okruga.
  32. ↑ "Bor Info". Sve informacije iz grada Bora.
  33. ↑ "Bor 030". Web portal grada Bora.
  34. ↑ "Medija centar". Borski Info centar.
  35. ↑ "Klik FM". klik995.net.
  36. ↑ "Antena". antenabor.com.
  37. ↑ "RTV Bor". rtvbor.rs.

Sources

  • "Бор". Гласник Етнографског музеја, књ. 38. 1975.
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