Visa requirements for French citizens

A French passport

Visa requirements for French citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of France. As of May 2018, French citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 187 countries and territories, ranking the French passport 3rd in terms of travel freedom (tied with the Finnish, Italian, South Korean, Spanish, and Swedish passports) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for French citizens
  France
  Freedom of movement
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required prior to arrival

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees) Reciprocity
 Afghanistan Visa required[2] ✓
 Albania Visa not required[3] 90 days ✓
 Algeria Visa required[4] ✓
 Andorra Visa not required[5] ✓
 Angola eVisa[6][7] 30 days
  • Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa are then issued with a visa on arrival at Luanda International Airport.[8][9]
  • For a maximum total stay of 90 days within a one year period.[10]
 X
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[11] 3 months ✓
 Argentina Visa not required[12] 90 days ✓
 Armenia Visa not required[13] 180 days X
 Australia eVisitor[14] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
 ✓
 Austria Visa not required[15] ✓
 Azerbaijan eVisa[16] 30 days[17] X
 Bahamas Visa not required[18] 3 months ✓
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[19] 14 days X
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[20] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[21]
 X
 Barbados Visa not required[22] 3 months ✓
 Belarus Visa not required[23] 30 days X
 Belgium Visa not required[24] ✓
 Belize Visa not required[25] 1 month
  • Extendable length of stay.
 X
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[26][27] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 X
 Bhutan Visa required[28]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Bolivia Visa not required[29] 90 days X
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[30] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 ✓
 Botswana Visa not required[31] 90 days
  • 90 days within any-year period
 X
 Brazil Visa not required[32] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 Brunei Visa not required[33] 90 days ✓
 Bulgaria Visa not required[34] ✓
 Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[35] 1 month X
 Burundi Visa required[36]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[37] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[38]
 X
 Cameroon Visa required[39]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Canada Visa not required[40] 6 months ✓
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[44]
  • Not available at all entry points.[45]
 X
 Central African Republic Visa required[46] ✓
 Chad Visa required[47]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Chile Visa not required[48] 90 days ✓
 China Visa required[49] ✓
 Colombia Visa not required[53] 180 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-day stay within a one year period
 ✓
 Comoros Visa on arrival[54] X
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[55]
  • Visa not requiered if Passengers with a V.I.P invitation letter.
 ✓
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[56]
  • Passenger with a letter (Visa Volant) issued by the Ministry of Interior and Security can obtain a visa on arrival.
 ✓
 Costa Rica Visa not required[57] 90 days ✓
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[58] ✓
 Croatia Visa not required[59] ✓
 Cuba Tourist Card required[60] ✓
 Cyprus Visa not required[61] ✓
 Czech Republic Visa not required[62] ✓
 Denmark Visa not required[63]
  • Freedom of movement (DK)
  • ID card valid (not for Greenland)
 ✓
 Djibouti eVisa[64] 31 days X
 Dominica Visa not required[65] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
  • ID card valid for visits up to 14 days
 ✓
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[66] 90 days X
 Ecuador Visa not required[67] 90 days[68] X
 Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[69][70] 30 days X
 El Salvador Visa not required[71] 3 months ✓
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[72] ✓
 Eritrea Visa required[73]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Estonia Visa not required[74] ✓
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[75]
  • Not available at all entry points.[76]
 X
 Fiji Visa not required[77] 4 months X
 Finland Visa not required[78] ✓
 Gabon eVisa / Visa on arrival[79] 90 days X
 Gambia Visa on arrival[81][82]
  • Visa not required if Passengers traveling as tourists on a charter flight.
 X
 Georgia Visa not required[83] 1 year ✓
 Germany Visa not required[84] ✓
 Ghana Visa required[85]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Greece Visa not required[86] ✓
 Grenada Visa not required[87] 3 months ✓
 Guatemala Visa not required[88] 90 days ✓
 Guinea Visa required[89]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[90] 90 days X
 Guyana Visa not required[91] 3 months X
 Haiti Visa not required[92] 90 days X
 Honduras Visa not required[93] 3 months ✓
 Hungary Visa not required[94] ✓
 Iceland Visa not required[95] ✓
 India eVisa[96] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][97]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
 X
 Indonesia Visa not required[98] 30 days X
 Iran Visa on arrival[99] 30 days[100] X
 Iraq Visa required[101] ✓
 Ireland Visa not required[102] ✓
 Israel Visa not required[103] 3 months ✓
 Italy Visa not required[104] ✓
 Jamaica Visa not required[105] 30 days X
 Japan Visa not required[106] 90 days ✓
 Jordan Free visa on arrival[107]
  • Conditions apply.[108]
  • Not available at all entry points.[109]
 X
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[110] 30 days[111] X
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[112] 3 months
  • Also visa on arrival (cost:50 USD or 40 €).
 X
 Kiribati Visa not required[113] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 North Korea Visa required[114] ✓
 South Korea Visa not required[115] 90 days ✓
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[116] 3 months X
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[117] 60 days X
 Laos Visa on arrival[118] 30 days
  • Conditions apply.
  • Available at international airports Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane, and at 4 land borders Friendship Bridge,[Note 3] and at 13 border crossings[Note 4] as well as Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkai, Thailand.[119]
  • Entry points Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou are open only to visa holders.
  • Extendable up to 60 days.
 X
 Latvia Visa not required[120] ✓
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[121] 1 month
  • Extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 X
 Lesotho Visa not required[122] 14 days X
 Liberia Visa required[123]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Libya Visa required[124]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[125] ✓
 Lithuania Visa not required[126] ✓
 Luxembourg Visa not required[127] ✓
 Macedonia Visa not required[128] 90 days ✓
 Madagascar Free visa on arrival[129] 30 days X
 Malawi Visa on arrival[130] X
 Malaysia Visa not required[131] 3 months ✓
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[132] 30 days[68] X
 Mali Visa required[133] ✓
 Malta Visa not required[134] ✓
 Marshall Islands Visa not required[135] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[136] X
 Mauritius Visa not required[137] 90 days ✓
 Mexico Visa not required[138] 180 days ✓
 Micronesia Visa not required[139] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 X
 Moldova Visa not required[140] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 ✓
 Monaco Visa not required[141] ✓
 Mongolia Visa required[142]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Montenegro Visa not required[143] 90 days
  • 90 days within 180 days
  • ID card valid for 30 days
 ✓
 Morocco Visa not required[144] 3 months X
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[145] 30 days[146] X
 Myanmar eVisa[147] 28 days X
 Namibia Visa not required[148] 3 months
  • 3 months within a calendar year
 X
 Nauru Visa required[149] ✓
   Nepal Visa on arrival[150] 90 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[151]
 X
 Netherlands Visa not required[152] ✓
 New Zealand Visa not required[153] 3 months ✓
 Nicaragua Visa not required[154] 90 days ✓
 Niger Visa required[155] ✓
 Nigeria Visa required[156]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Norway Visa not required[157] ✓
 Oman eVisa[158] 30 days X
 Pakistan Visa required[159]
  • Visa on arrival when travelling on business valid for 30 days.
  • Visa on arrival when travelling as part of a group through a designated tour operator.[161]
 ✓
 Palau Visa not required[162] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 Panama Visa not required[163] 180 days ✓
 Papua New Guinea Free visa on arrival[164][165] 60 days
  • Free of charge.
 X
 Paraguay Visa not required[166] 90 days ✓
 Peru Visa not required[167] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period[168]
 ✓
 Philippines Visa not required[169] 30 days X
 Poland Visa not required[170] ✓
 Portugal Visa not required[171] ✓
 Qatar eVisa / Visa on arrival[172] 90 days X
 Romania Visa not required[173] ✓
 Russia Visa required[174]
  • Visa on arrival (72 hour) for Kaliningrad Oblast (70 €) with appointment at least 72 hour in advance[175]
 ✓
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[176] 30 days X
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[177] 3 months ✓
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[178] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
  • ID card valid
 ✓
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[179] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 Samoa Visa not required[180] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 San Marino Visa not required[181] ✓
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[182] 15 days X
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[183] ✓
 Senegal Visa not required[184] 90 days X
 Serbia Visa not required[185] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 ✓
 Seychelles Visa not required[186] 3 months ✓
 Sierra Leone Visa required[187]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Singapore Visa not required[188] 90 days ✓
 Slovakia Visa not required[189] ✓
 Slovenia Visa not required[190] ✓
 Solomon Islands Visa not required[191] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 Somalia Visa on arrival[192] X
 South Africa Visa not required[193] 90 days X
 South Sudan Visa required[194] ✓
 Spain Visa not required[195] ✓
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[196] 30 days X
 Sudan Visa required[197] ✓
 Suriname Tourist Card on arrival[198] 90 days X
 Swaziland Visa not required[199] 30 days[68] X
 Sweden Visa not required[200] ✓
  Switzerland Visa not required[201] ✓
 Syria Visa required[202] ✓
 Tajikistan Visa on arrival[203] 45 days X
 Tanzania Visa on arrival[205] X
 Thailand Visa not required[206] 30 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
 X
 Timor-Leste Visa not required[207] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 Togo Visa on arrival[208] 7 days X
 Tonga Visa not required[209] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[210] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 Tunisia Visa not required[211] 3 months X
 Turkey Visa not required[212] 3 months X
 Turkmenistan Visa required[214]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Tuvalu Visa not required[215] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[216]
  • Determined at the port of entry.
  • May apply online.[217]
 X
 Ukraine Visa not required[218] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[219] 90 days ✓
 United Kingdom Visa not required[222]
  • Freedom of movement (in Constituent countries)
  • ID card valid
 ✓
 United States Visa Waiver Program[223] 90 days
  • On arrival from overseas; ESTA (valid for 2 years when issued) required if arriving by air or cruise ship.[224]
 ✓
 Uruguay Visa not required[225] 90 days ✓
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[226][227][228] 30 days X
 Vanuatu Visa not required[229] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
 ✓
  Vatican City Visa not required[230] ✓
 Venezuela Visa not required[231] 90 days ✓
 Vietnam Visa not required[232] 15 days X
 Yemen Visa required[233] ✓
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[234] 90 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
 X
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[235] 3 months
  • Strictly tourism purposes only.
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.
 X

Territories, disputed areas or restricted zones

Visa requirements for French citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Europe
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required[236]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[237][238]
Belarus Brest and Grodno Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[239]
 Republic of Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required.[240]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[241][242]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[243] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[244]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[245]
 Guernsey Visa not required[246]
 Isle of Man Visa not required[247]
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[248] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[249]
 Jersey Visa not required[250]
 Kosovo Visa not required 90 days[251]
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Visa required[252][253] Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[254]
 Novorossiya Restricted area Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[255][256]
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[257]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[258][259]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[260][261]
Africa
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[262]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[263]
 Ascension Island Entry Permit required Entry Permit must be obtained minimum 28 days in advance (3 months for 20/30 pounds sterling, single/double entry).[264]
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[265]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[266]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[267][268]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[269]
Asia
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
China Hainan Visa required[270] Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)[271]
 Hong Kong Visa not required 3 months[272]
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[273][274][275][276][277]
 Iraqi Kurdistan Visa on arrival Visa on arrival for 15 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.[278]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[279]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[280]
 Macao Visa not required 90 days[281]
Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[282]
Maldives Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[283]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa not required[284] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[285]
 Taiwan Visa not required 90 days[286]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[287][288][289]
China Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[290][291][292]
 Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[293]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
Vietnam Phú Quốc Visa not required 30 days[294]
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[295]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)f
 Anguilla Visa not required 3 months[296]
 Aruba Visa not required 30 days, extendable to 180 days[297][298]
 Bermuda Visa not required Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.[299]
Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required 3 months[300][301]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required 30 days, extensions possible[302]
 Cayman Islands Visa not required 6 months[303]
Colombia San Andrés and Leticia Tourist Card on arrival Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[304]
 Curacao Visa not required 3 months[305]
 Greenland Visa not required[244]
Venezuela Margarita Island Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[306]
 Montserrat Visa not required 6 months.[307][308]
 Puerto Rico Visa Waiver Program[309] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years, ESTA required
 Sint Maarten Visa not required 3 months[310][311]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required 90 days[312]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa Waiver Program[313] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years, ESTA required
Oceania
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Electronic authorization[314] 30 days
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[315]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[316] (non valid link, error 404)
 Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days[317]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[318]
 Guam Visa Waiver Program[319] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years, ESTA required
 Niue Visa on arrival 30 days[320]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[321][322][323]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[324][325][326][327][328][329][330]
South America
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[331]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Falkland Islands Visa not required Visa is not required.[332]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[333][334]
Antarctica Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[335][336][337][338][339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346]

ID card or passports

French ID card carte d'identité is valid for these countries : Due to Freedom of movement in European Union/Schengen area:

  • Austria
  • Belgium
  • Bulgaria
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Latvia
  • Liechtenstein
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Malta
  • Netherlands
  • Norway
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • United Kingdom

Other reasons:

  • Albania
  • Andorra
  • Georgia
  • Macedonia
  • Monaco
  • San Marino
  • Turkey
  • Vatican City

Non-ordinary passports

Holders of various categories of official French passports have additional visa-free access to the following countries - Algeria (diplomatic passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Qatar (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports) and Vietnam (diplomatic passports). Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe.

Right to consular protection in non-EU countries

Diplomatic missions of France

Where there is no French embassy, French citizens, as EU citizens, have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country that has a presence.

Non-visa restrictions

Despite what is written below, some countries on a bilateral basis allow French citizens to travel on expired passports. For example, Turkey allows holders of French passports to use passports that expired up to 5 years ago.[213]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid at least 6 months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[347] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[348] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela and Vietnam.[349]

Turkey requires passports to be valid for at least 150 days upon entry.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months beyond the period of intended stay include European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom), Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (and always excepting EU/EEA/Swiss nationals), Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, New Zealand and 3 months validity on arrival in Albania, Honduras, Macedonia, Panama, Qatar and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the period of intended stay include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[350][351] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[352]

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages in the passport being presented, generally one or two pages.[353] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever
Main article: Carte Jaune

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination.

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has recently visited one.[354]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[355] Lebanon,[356] Libya,[357] Saudi Arabia,[358] Sudan,[359] Syria[360] and Yemen[361] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel. Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport, giving passengers a card instead that reads: "Since January 2013 a pilot scheme has been introduced whereby visitors are given an entry card instead of an entry stamp on arrival. You should keep this card with your passport until you leave. This is evidence of your legal entry into Israel and may be required, particularly at any crossing points into the Occupied Palestinian Territories." [362] Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when travelling into and out of Gaza. Also, passports are still stamped (as of 22 June 2017) at the Jordan Valley/Sheikh Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin/Arava land borders with Jordan.

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Main article: Armenia–Azerbaijan relations

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bans entry of citizens from Armenia, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, to the Republic of Azerbaijan[363][364] (although there have been exceptions, notably for Armenia's participation at the 2015 European Games held in Azerbaijan).

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[365] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these occupied territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[366] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[367] As of April 2018 the list contains 710 persons.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognized Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their country.

Criminal record

Some countries (for example: Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States [368]) routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity. Attempts to enter the Gaza strip by sea may attract a 10-year ban on entering Israel.[369]

Fingerprinting

Main article: Countries applying biometrics
Iris recognition biometric systems apply mathematical pattern-recognition techniques to images of the irises of an individual's eyes.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest those travellers that refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[370]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[371][372] Argentina,[373] Brunei, Cambodia,[374] China when entering through Shenzhen airport,[375] Ethiopia,[376] Ghana, India, Japan,[377][378] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[379] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[380] Singapore, South Korea,[381] and Taiwan.[382]

Additionally, the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[383][384]

See also

References and Notes

References
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  384. ↑ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
  1. ↑
  2. ↑
  3. ↑
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammuan
    • Bokeo
  4. ↑
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
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