Visa requirements for British citizens

A British citizen passport (2010 series)

Visa requirements for British citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Kingdom. As of 9 October 2018, British citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 186 countries and territories, ranking the British passport 5th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Austrian, Dutch, Luxembourgish, Norwegian, Portuguese and the United States passports) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] Additionally, the World Tourism Organisation also published a report on 15 January 2016 ranking the British passport 1st in the world (tied with Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and Singapore) in terms of travel freedom, with a mobility index of 160 (out of 215 with no visa weighted by 1, visa on arrival weighted by 0.7, eVisa by 0.5, and traditional visa weighted by 0).[2]

Visa requirements for other classes of British nationals such as British Nationals (Overseas), British Overseas Citizens, British Overseas Territories Citizens, British Protected Persons or British Subjects are different.

History

Visa requirements for British citizens were lifted by some European nations following World War II. The first changes occurred in 1947 with visa restrictions for British citizens being removed by France on 1 January 1947.[3]

This was then quickly followed by Belgium on 15 February 1947,[4] Luxembourg 15 February 1947,[5] Norway on 1 March 1947,[6] Denmark on 22 March 1947,[7] Sweden on 1 April 1947,[8] Netherlands on 15 April 1947,[9] Switzerland on 24 June 1947[10] Liechtenstein on 24 June 1947[10] and Iceland on 1 July 1947.[11]

The following year, the requirement to obtain a visa in advance of travel was lifted by Italy on New Years Day, 1 January 1948,[12] Monaco (8 November 1948),[13] Austria (15 May 1955),[14][15] Paraguay (27 November 1966),[16] United States (1 July 1988), Poland (1 July 1992), Bulgaria (March 1997),[17] Romania (1 January 2001),[18] Serbia and Montenegro (31 May 2003),[19] Ukraine (1 May 2005),[20] Georgia (1 June 2006),[21] Moldova (1 January 2007),[22] Kyrgyzstan (27 July 2012),[23] Armenia (10 January 2013), Kazakhstan (15 July 2014),[24] Indonesia (13 June 2015),[25] Vietnam (1 July 2015)[26] and Belarus (12 February 2017).[27]

Electronic visas for British citizens were introduced: India (15 August 2015)[28] and Djibouti (18 February 2018).[29]

Visas on arrival were discontinued for British citizens by Mali (March 2015) and Malawi (1 October 2015) (was resumed).

However, Since 2016 with Brexit Referendum, the European Union most likely is that it is going to impose a reciprocal visa regime to the British citizens , if an agreement on the freedom of movement is not reached and between other subjects between both parts before the exit of United Kingdom from European Union on March 29, 2019 and if UK decides impose a visa regime to European Union citizens after Brexit transition. .

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for British citizens
  United Kingdom
  Freedom of movement
  Visa not required
  Visa available both on arrival or online (eVisa)
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa required prior to arrival

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[30]
 Albania Visa not required[31] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[32]
 Andorra Visa not required[33]
 Angola eVisa[34] 30 days
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[38] 6 months
 Argentina Visa not required[39] 90 days[40]
 Armenia Visa not required[41] 180 days[42]
 Australia eVisitor[43] 90 days
  • If granted, eVisitor allows British citizens to stay in Australia for 90 days per visit.
  • Issued free of charge and valid for one year.
 Austria Visa not required[44]
  • Freedom of movement
 Azerbaijan eVisa[45] 30 days[46]
 Bahamas Visa not required[47] 21 days
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[50] 3 months
  • Visas can be issued on arrival for a stay up to 3 months.[51]
  • eVisa issued for 14 days, extendable once.[52]
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[53] 30 days
 Barbados Visa not required[57] 6 months[58]
 Belarus Visa not required[59] 30 days
  • Must arrive and leave via Minsk International Airport
  • Visas are also issued on arrival at the Minsk International Airport if the support documents were submitted by inviting organisation/person not later than 3 business days before expected date of arrival.[60] Visa and police registration required for stays of more than 5 days.[59]
 Belgium Visa not required[61]
  • Freedom of movement
 Belize Visa not required[62] 30 days
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[63] 30 days[64] / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[65]
  • Visa via approved tour operators only[66][67]
 Bolivia Visa not required[68] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[69] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
 Botswana Visa not required[70] 90 days
 Brazil Visa not required[71] 90 days
  • Extendable for further 90 days[72]
 Brunei Visa not required[73] 90 days[74]
 Bulgaria Visa not required[75]
  • Freedom of movement
 Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[76] 1 month
 Burundi Visa required[77]
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[78] 30 days
 Cameroon Visa required[81][82]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Canada Visa not required[83] 6 months
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[86]
  • Visa no longer required from 1 January 2019[87]
 Central African Republic Visa required[88][89]
 Chad Visa required[90]
 Chile Visa not required[91] 90 days
  • May be extended.
 China Visa required[92]
  • Visiting visas issued to British citizens are generally valid for 2 years[96]
 Colombia Visa not required[97] 90 days
  • Extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period.[98]
 Comoros Visa on arrival[99]
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[100][101]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[102][103]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[104] 3 months
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[105] 3 months
 Croatia Visa not required[106]
  • Freedom of movement
 Cuba Tourist Card required[107]
 Cyprus Visa not required[108]
  • Freedom of movement
 Czech Republic Visa not required[109]
  • Freedom of movement
 Denmark Visa not required[110]
  • Freedom of movement (DK)
 Djibouti eVisa[111] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[112] 6 months
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[113] 30 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[114] 90 days
  • May be extended.
 Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[115][116] 30 days
 El Salvador Visa not required[117] 3 months
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[118][119]
 Eritrea Visa required[120][121]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Estonia Visa not required[122]
  • Freedom of movement
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[123]
 Fiji Visa not required[125] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[126]
  • Freedom of movement
 France Visa not required[127]
  • Freedom of movement
 Gabon eVisa / Visa on arrival[128] 90 days
 Gambia Visa not required[130] 90 days
 Georgia Visa not required[131] 1 year
 Germany Visa not required[132]
  • Freedom of movement
 Ghana Visa required[133][134]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Greece Visa not required[135]
  • Freedom of movement
 Grenada Visa not required[136] 6 months
 Guatemala Visa not required[137] 90 days
 Guinea Visa required[138][139]
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[140] 90 days
 Guyana Visa not required[141] 3 months
 Haiti Visa not required[142] 90 days
 Honduras Visa not required[143] 3 months
 Hungary Visa not required[144]
  • Freedom of movement
 Iceland Visa not required[145]
  • Freedom of movement
 India e-Visa[146] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][147]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
 Indonesia Visa not required[148] 30 days[149]
  • Not available at all entry points.[150]
 Iran Visa required[151]
 Iraq Visa required[152]
 Ireland Visa not required[153]
  • Freedom of movement
 Israel Visa not required[154] 3 months
 Italy Visa not required[155]
  • Freedom of movement
 Jamaica Visa not required[156] 180 days
 Japan Visa not required[157] 90 days
  • May be extended once.
 Jordan Free visa on arrival[158][159]
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[161] 30 days
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[162] 3 months
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda.[163]
 Kiribati Visa not required[164] 30 days
 North Korea Visa required[165][166]
 South Korea Visa not required[167] 90 days
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[168] 3 months[169]
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[170] 60 days[171][170]
 Laos Visa on arrival[172] 30 days
 Latvia Visa not required[173]
  • Freedom of movement
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[174] 1 month
  • Extendable for 2 additional months; granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho Visa not required[175] 14 days
 Liberia Visa required[176][177]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Libya Visa required[178]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[179]
  • Freedom of movement
 Lithuania Visa not required[180]
  • Freedom of movement
 Luxembourg Visa not required[181]
  • Freedom of movement
 Macedonia Visa not required[182] 90 days
 Madagascar Visa on arrival[183] 30 days
 Malawi Visa on arrival[184]
 Malaysia Visa not required[185] 3 months
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[186] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[187]
 Malta Visa not required[188]
  • Freedom of movement
 Marshall Islands Free visa on arrival[189] 90 days
  • Free of charge.
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[190]
 Mauritius Visa not required[191] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[192] 180 days[193]
 Micronesia Visa not required[194] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[195] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Monaco Visa not required[196]
 Mongolia Visa required[197][198]
 Montenegro Visa not required[199] 90 days
  • Must register with the local police station (either through a tourist organisation or at hotel reception) within 24 hours of arrival.[200]
 Morocco Visa not required[201] 90 days
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[202] 30 days[203]
 Myanmar eVisa[204] 28 days
 Namibia Visa not required[205] 3 months
 Nauru Visa required[208]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[209] 90 days
  • Visa-on-arrival is extendable[210]
 Netherlands Visa not required[211]
 New Zealand Visa not required[212] 6 months
 Nicaragua Visa not required[213] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[214][215]
 Nigeria Visa required[216]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Norway Visa not required[217]
  • Freedom of movement
 Oman eVisa[218] 30 days
 Pakistan Visa required[219]
  • Visa on arrival when travelling on business valid for 30 days. Conditions apply.[220]
  • Visa on arrival when travelling as part of a group through a designated tour operator.[221]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[222] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[223] 180 days
 Papua New Guinea Free visa on arrival[224][225] 60 days
  • Issued free of charge.
 Paraguay Visa not required[226] 90 days
 Peru Visa not required[227] 183 days
 Philippines Visa not required[228] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[229]
  • Freedom of movement
 Portugal Visa not required[230]
  • Freedom of movement
 Qatar eVisa / Visa on arrival[231] 30 days
 Romania Visa not required[232]
  • Freedom of movement
 Russia Visa required[233]
  • 72-hours visa free visit when entering by regular ferry via port of St. Petersburg, provided that a passenger spends the night on-board or in accommodation specifically approved by the travel agency.[234]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[235] 30 days[236]
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Uganda.[163]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[237] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[238] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[239] 1 month
 Samoa Free Entry Permit on arrival[240] 60 days
  • Free of charge.
 San Marino Visa not required[241]
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[242] 15 days
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[243]
 Senegal Visa not required[244] 90 days
 Serbia Visa not required[245] 90 days
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[246] 3 months
  • Issued free of charge.
 Sierra Leone Visa required[247][248]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Singapore Visa not required[249] 90 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[250]
  • Freedom of movement
 Slovenia Visa not required[251]
  • Freedom of movement
 Solomon Islands Free Visitor's permit on arrival[252] 3 months
  • Issued free of charge.
 Somalia Visa on arrival[253]
 South Africa Visa not required[254] 90 days[255]
 South Sudan Visa required[256][257]
 Spain Visa not required[258]
  • Freedom of movement
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[259] 30 days
  • British citizens are allowed to extend their stay twice when in the country to a maximum stay of 90 days in total.[260]
 Sudan Visa required[261][262]
 Suriname Tourist Card on arrival[263] 90 days
 Swaziland Visa not required[264] 30 days
 Sweden Visa not required[265]
  • Freedom of movement
  Switzerland Visa not required[266]
  • Freedom of movement
 Syria Visa required[267][268]
  • Visa not required for citizens born in Syria.
 Tajikistan eVisa[269] 45 days
 Tanzania Visa on arrival[270]
 Thailand Visa not required[271] 30 days
  • If not arriving by air, British citizens are only permitted two visits per year.
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[272] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[273] 7 days
 Tonga Free visa on arrival[274] 31 days
  • Issued free of charge.
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[275] 90 days
 Tunisia Visa not required[276] 3 months
 Turkey eVisa / Visa on arrival[277] 3 months
 Turkmenistan Visa required[278]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Tuvalu Free visa on arrival[279] 1 month
  • Issued free of charge.
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[280]
  • May apply online.[281]
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda.[163]
 Ukraine Visa not required[282] 90 days
 United Arab Emirates Free visa on arrival[286] 30 days
  • Issued free of charge.
 United States Visa Waiver Program[287] 90 days
 Uruguay Visa not required[289] 90 days
 Uzbekistan eVisa[290][291] 30 days
  • 5-day visa free transit when in transit at the international airports on condition of holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[292]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Vanuatu Visa not required[293] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa not required[294]
 Venezuela Visa not required[295] 90 days[296]
 Vietnam Visa not required[297] 15 days
  • A single entry eVisa valid for 30 days is also available.[298] Visa exemption extended until June 2021.[299]
 Yemen Visa required[300][301]
  • A single tourist visa for British citizens is issued for a maximum stay of 60 days from arrival into Yemen.
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[302] 90 days
  • British citizens are eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.[303]
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[304] 3 months
  • British citizens are also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.[303]

British Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories

British Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories
Visitor toVisa requirementAllowed stayNotes
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia Visa not required
 Anguilla Visa not required 3 months[305][306]
  • British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode.
 Bermuda Visa not required 6 months[307][308]
  • British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode.
 British Antarctic Territory Special permit required[309][310]
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required[311][312]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required 1 month[313][314]
  • Extension of stay possible.
  • British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode.
 Cayman Islands Visa not required 6 months[315][316]
  • British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode.
 Falkland Islands Visitor's permit on arrival 4 weeks[317][318]
  • The initial visitor's permit is valid for 4 weeks.
  • Visitors who have a connection with the Falkland Islands have right of abode.
 Guernsey Right of abode
  • British citizens have right of abode in the Bailiwick of Guernsey.[319]
  • In Guernsey and Sark, a work or employment permit is not required.[320]
  • In Alderney, a work or employment permit is required for persons without Guernsey (Alderney) status.[321]
 Isle of Man Right of abode
  • Work or employment permit is required for persons without "Isle of Man worker" status.[322][323]
 Jersey Right of abode
  • Work or employment permit is not required.[324]
 Gibraltar Right of abode
  • British citizens have right of abode in Gibraltar.
 Montserrat Visa not required 6 months[325]
  • British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode.
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days[325]
United Kingdom Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
 Ascension Island Visa not required 3 months
  • Entry permit must be obtained minimum 28 days in advance.[330]
 Saint Helena Entry permit on arrival 183 days[331]
  • The entry permit costs £25 and is issued on arrival.
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required
  • Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for £110/160).[333][334][335]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required 90 days[336][337]
  • British citizens with a connection to the territory have right of abode.

Territories and disputed areas

Europe
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required[338]
 Artsakh Visa required[339][340] Visa required (issued for single entry for 21 days/1/2/3 months or multiple entry visa for 1/2/3 months). Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[341]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[342][343]
Belarus Brest and Grodno Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[344]
Autonomous Republic of Crimea Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required. If traveling from mainland Ukraine, special permit issued by Ukrainian authorities is required. Ukraine will deny entry to anyone in case of evidence they have entered occupied Crimea from Russia bypassing mainland Ukraine after March 2014.[345]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required Visa free access for 3 months. Passport required.[346][347]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[348] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[349]
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[350] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[351]
 Svalbard of  Norway Visa not Required Unlimited Stay (Indefinite Stay).
 Kosovo Visa not required Visa free 90 days[352]
 Novorossiya Restricted area Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[353][354]
 Russia Special authorisation required Several closed cities require special authorisation.[355]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Visa free. Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[356][357]
 Transnistria Visa not required Visa free. Registration required after 24h.[358][359]
Africa
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required Visa covers Asmara only; to travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[360]
 Mayotte Freedom of Movement Valid ID or Passport Required.
 Reunion Freedom of Movement Valid ID or Passport Required.
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Visa not required Visa not required up to 3 months in the Western Sahara controlled territory.[361]
 Somaliland Visa on arrival Visa issued on arrival (30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival).[362][363]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[364]
Asia
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
China Hainan Visa on arrival[365] Visa on arrival for 15 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.
Visa not required for 21 days for travelling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)[366]
 Hong Kong Visa not required Visa not required for 180 days.[367] Prior to April 1997, British citizens were allowed to land and remain in Hong Kong for 12 months without being subject to any other condition of stay.[368]
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[369][370][371][372][373][374]
 Iraqi Kurdistan Visa on arrival Visa on arrival for 15 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.[152]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[375]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[376]
 Macao Visa not required Visa not required for 6 months[377]
Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[378]
Maldives Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[379]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists may only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa not required[380] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[381]
 Taiwan Visa not required Visa not required for 90 days[382]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OVIR permit required OVIR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[383][384][385]
China Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[386][387][388]
 Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[389]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
Vietnam Phú Quốc Visa not required May visit without a visa for up to 30 days.[390]
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[391]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Aruba Visa not required Visa not required for 30 days, extendable to 180 days.[392][393]
Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required Visa not required up to 3 months[394][395]
Colombia San Andrés and Leticia Tourist Card on arrival Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[396]
 Curaçao Visa not required Visa not required for 3 months.[397]
France French West Indies Visa not required French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[398]
 Greenland Visa not required[349]
Venezuela Margarita Island Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[399]
 Puerto Rico Visa not required Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[400]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required Visa not required for 90 days.[401]
 Sint Maarten Visa not required Visa not required for 3 months.[402][403]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa not required[404] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[400]
Oceania
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Electronic authorisation[405] 30 days
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[406]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[407]
 Cook Islands Visa not required Visa free access for 31 days.[408]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[409]
 French Polynesia Visa not required Visa not required.[410]
 Guam Visa not required[411] 45 days
 New Caledonia Visa not required Visa not required for 3 months.[410]
 Niue Visa on arrival Visa on arrival valid for 30 days is issued free of charge.[412]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required[413] 45 days
 Tokelau Entry Permit required[414]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[415][416][417][418][419][420][421]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required Visa not required.[422]
South America
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[423]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
Antarctica Special authorisation required Special permits required for  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[309][424][425][426][427][428][429][430][431][432]

Non-ordinary passports

Holders of various categories of official British passports have additional visa-free access to the following countries - China (diplomatic passports),[433] Kuwait (diplomatic or official passports),[434] Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports),[435] Qatar (diplomatic or official passports and British Diplomatic Messenger or Queen's Messenger Passports)[436] and the United Arab Emirates (diplomatic or official passports).[437] Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia,[438] Mali[439] and Zimbabwe.[440] Holders of British official and diplomatic passports require a visa for South Africa.[441]

Travel impact of Brexit

Diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom

Currently, when in a non-EU country where there is no British embassy, British citizens, like all other EU citizens, have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.[442]

See also List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom.

On 23 June 2016, the British electorate voted to leave the European Union in a nationwide referendum in England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Gibraltar.[443] The UK sent notification of their intention to leave the EU to the European Council through Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. After notifying the European Council, the UK has two years to negotiate with other member states until it leaves, and British citizens will only then cease to be citizens of the European Union.[444][445][446] British citizens will still have the right of freedom of movement until the UK formally leaves 29 March 2019. It has since been decided that citizens of non EU/Schengen countries wishing to travel to EU countries, if they don't need a visa, have to apply online for ETIAS, an American style ESTA visa waiver and pay a fee, in order to enter the country of destination.[447]. This system was decided on 12 September 2018 and contains no exception for Britons.[448] This issue is a major topic of discussions taking place between the British government and all leaders of the 27 European Union countries during the two-year-long Brexit negotiations. If an agreement between UK and EU is concluded it could contain an exception from ETIAS, but without such an agreement it is clear that ETIAS is needed.

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid at least 6 months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[449] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[450] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela and Vietnam.[451]

Turkey requires passports to be valid for at least 150 days upon entry.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months beyond the period of intended stay include European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom), Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (and always excepting EU/EEA/Swiss nationals), Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, New Zealand and 3 months validity on arrival in Albania, Honduras, Macedonia, Panama, Qatar and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the period of intended stay include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[452][453] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[454]

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages in the passport being presented, generally one or two pages.[455] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination.

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has recently visited one.[456]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[457] Lebanon,[458] Libya,[459] Saudi Arabia,[460] Sudan,[461] Syria[462] and Yemen[463] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel. Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport, giving passengers a card instead that reads: "Since January 2013 a pilot scheme has been introduced whereby visitors are given an entry card instead of an entry stamp on arrival. You should keep this card with your passport until you leave. This is evidence of your legal entry into Israel and may be required, particularly at any crossing points into the Occupied Palestinian Territories." [464] Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when travelling into and out of Gaza. Also, passports are still stamped (as of 22 June 2017) at the Jordan Valley/Sheikh Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin/Arava land borders with Jordan.

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bans entry of citizens from Armenia, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, to the Republic of Azerbaijan[465][466] (although there have been exceptions, notably for Armenia's participation at the 2015 European Games held in Azerbaijan).

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[467] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these occupied territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[468] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[469] As of April 2018 the list contains 710 persons.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognized Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their country.

Criminal record

Some countries (for example: Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States [470]) routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity. Attempts to enter the Gaza strip by sea may attract a 10-year ban on entering Israel.[471]

Fingerprinting

Iris recognition biometric systems apply mathematical pattern-recognition techniques to images of the irises of an individual's eyes.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest those travellers that refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[472]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[473][474] Argentina,[475] Brunei, Cambodia,[476] China when entering through Shenzhen airport,[477] Ethiopia,[478] Ghana, India, Japan,[479][480] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[481] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[482] Singapore, South Korea,[483] and Taiwan.[484]

Additionally, the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[485][486]

Foreign travel statistics

According to the Foreign travel advice provided by the British Government (unless otherwise noted) these are the numbers of British visitors to various countries per annum in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):[487]

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Data for 2014
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Data for 2017
  3. 1 2 3 Data for 2015
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Data for 2016
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
  6. Data for 2011
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Data for arrivals by air only.
  8. 1 2 Data for 2012
  9. 1 2 3 Data for 2013
  10. 1 2 Data for 2009
  11. Data for 2010
  12. Data for 2005
  13. Total number includes tourists, business travelers, students, exchange visitors, temporary workers and families, diplomats and other representatives and all other classes of nonimmigrant admissions (I-94).

See also

References and Notes

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Notes
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