Visa requirements for Malaysian citizens

A Malaysian passport

Visa requirements for Malaysian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Malaysia. As of May 2018, Malaysian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 180 countries and territories, ranking the Malaysian passport 9th in the world (tied with Hungarian and Slovenian) according to the Henley Passport Index, the highest-ranked passport in the developing world and among Muslim-majority countries, the 2nd highest-ranked passport in Southeast Asia after Singapore, and the 4th highest-ranked in Asia.[1]

Although Malaysian passports bear the inscription "This passport is valid for all countries except Israel" and the Malaysian government officially allows travel to Israel for Christian pilgrims only, the travel restrictions imposed by the Malaysian government have no bearing on the Israeli government, which issues visas to Malaysian citizens according to Israeli regulations.

In September 2017, Malaysia announced a ban on all Malaysian citizens from travelling to North Korea, in the wake of strained Malaysia–North Korea relations following the assassination of Kim Jong-nam at Kuala Lumpur International Airport.[2]

Visa requirements map

Countries and territories with visa-free entries or visas on arrival for holders of regular Malaysian passports
  Malaysia
  Visa free access
  Visa on arrival
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Electronic authorization or eVisa required
  Visa required
  Travel banned by the Malaysian government

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes
 Afghanistan Visa required[3]
 Albania Visa not required[4] 90 days
 Algeria Visa not required 3 months[5]
 Andorra Visa not required[6]
 Angola Visa required[7]
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required 180 days[8]
 Argentina Visa not required[9] 30 days[10]
 Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[11] 120 days
 Australia Electronic Travel Authority[13] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
 Austria Visa not required[14] 90 days
 Azerbaijan eVisa / Visa on arrival[15] 30 days
  • Available at airports.[16][17]
  • E-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure.[18][19]
  • E-Visa fee is US$20 + a US$3 service fee.[20]
 Bahamas Visa not required[21] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival 1 month
  • E-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure[22]
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[23] 30 days
  • Fee of USD 51.
 Barbados Visa not required[24] 6 months[25]
 Belarus Visa not required[26] 30 days
 Belgium Visa not required[27] 90 days
 Belize Visa not required[28]
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[29][30] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[31]
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[32] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[33] 90 days
 Botswana Visa not required[34] 90 days
 Brazil Visa not required[35] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required 30 days[36]
 Bulgaria Visa not required[37] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Burundi Visa required[38]
 Burkina Faso Visa required[39]
 Cambodia Visa not required[40] 30 days
 Cameroon Visa required[41]
  • Holders of a pre-arranged approval issued by "Le Delegue General de la Surete" can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Canada Visa required[42]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[43]
  • Fee Eur 25.
 Central African Republic Visa required[44]
 Chad Visa required[45]
 Chile Visa not required[46] 30 days
 China Visa required[47]
 Colombia Visa not required[48] 90 days[49]
 Comoros Visa on arrival 45 days[50]
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[51]
  • Not required for holders of a VIP Invitation Letter.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[52]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[53] 90 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[54]
  • Must be arriving at Port Bouet Airport and hold an International Certificate of Vaccination.[55]
  • Fee is 73 Euros[56]
 Croatia Visa not required[57] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Cuba Visa not required[58] 90 days
 Cyprus Visa not required[59] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Czech Republic Visa not required[60] 90 days
 Denmark Visa not required[61] 90 days
 Djibouti eVisa[62] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[63] 6 months
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[64] 30 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[65] 90 days
 Egypt Visa not required[66][67] 14 days
 El Salvador Visa not required[68] 3 months
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[69]
 Eritrea Visa required[70]
 Estonia Visa not required[71] 90 days
 Ethiopia eVisa[72]
 Fiji Visa not required 4 months[73]
 Finland Visa not required[74] 90 days
 France Visa not required[75] 90 days
 Gabon eVisa[76]
 Gambia Visa not required[77] 90 days
 Georgia Visa not required[78] 1 year
 Germany Visa not required[79] 90 days
 Ghana Visa required[80]
 Greece Visa not required[81] 90 days
 Grenada Visa not required[82] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa not required[83] 90 days
 Guinea Visa required[84]
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[85] 90 days
 Guyana Visa not required[86] 60 days[87]
 Haiti Visa not required[88] 3 months
 Honduras Visa not required[89] 3 months
 Hungary Visa not required[90] 90 days
 Iceland Visa not required[91] 90 days
 India e-Visa[92] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][93]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
 Indonesia Visa not required[94] 30 days
 Iran Visa not required[95] 15 days
 Iraq Visa required[96]
 Ireland Visa not required[97] 3 months
 Israel Visa required[98] Travel officially restricted by Malaysian government to Christian pilgrims only.

Confirmation from Israeli government is required before a visa is issued.[99]

 Italy Visa not required[100] 90 days
 Jamaica Visa not required[101] 180 days
 Japan Visa not required[102] 90 days
 Jordan Visa on arrival[103] 30 days
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[105] 30 days
 Kenya Visa not required[106] 30 days
 Kiribati Visa not required[107] 120 days
 North Korea Travel banned[108] As of September 2017, due to safety concerns, Malaysian government bans its citizens from visiting North Korea.[109]
 South Korea Visa not required[110] 90 days
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[111] 3 months
  • Fee KWD3.
  • EV-isa may be obtained online prior to departure[112]
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[113] 30 days
 Laos Visa not required[114] 30 days
 Latvia Visa not required[115] 90 days
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[116] 1 month
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport.
  • Must not have Israeli visa or stamp in the passport. Must be in possession of phone number & address to be visited in Lebanon, and a non-refundable onward ticket.
 Lesotho Visa not required[117] 90 days
 Liberia Visa required[118]
 Libya Visa required[119]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[120] 90 days
 Lithuania Visa not required[121] 90 days
 Luxembourg Visa not required[122] 90 days
 Macedonia Visa not required[123] 30 days
 Madagascar Visa on arrival[124] 90 days
  • Must have return / onward ticket
 Malawi Visa not required[125] 90 days
 Maldives Visa on arrival[126] 30 days
  • Must have hotel reservation [127]
 Mali Visa required[128]
 Malta Visa not required[129] 90 days
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[130] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[131]
 Mauritius Visa not required[132] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[133] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[134] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[135] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Monaco Visa not required[136]
 Mongolia Visa not required[137] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[138] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[139] 90 days[140]
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[141] 30 days
  • At Beira (BEW), Nampula (APL), Maputo (MPM), Pemba (POL), Tete (TET) and Vilankulo (VNX). Must have onward ticket.
 Myanmar eVisa[142] 28 days
 Namibia Visa not required[143] 3 Months
 Nauru Visa required[144]
  • Application via email to director of immigration office.[145]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[146] 15 days
  • Fee US$25.
 Netherlands Visa not required[147] 90 days
 New Zealand Visa not required[148] 3 months
 Nicaragua Visa not required[149] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[150]
 Nigeria Visa required[151]
  • Holders of written e-visa approval issued by Immigration Authority Headquarters in Abuja, can obtain a visa on arrival
 Norway Visa not required[152] 90 days
 Oman eVisa[153] 30 days
  • Fee OMR20 or USD equivalent.
 Pakistan Visa required[154]
  • Visa on arrival when travelling on business or group tour valid for 30 days.
  • Visa on arrival when travelling as part of a group through a designated tour operator.[156]
 Palau Visa on arrival[157] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[158] 180 days
 Papua New Guinea Visa on arrival[159] 60 days
  • Must arrive through Port Moresby (POM) or Rabaul (RAB) airports.[160]
 Paraguay Visa required[161]
 Peru Visa not required[162] 183 days
 Philippines Visa not required[163] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[164] 90 days
 Portugal Visa not required[165] 90 days
 Qatar Visa not required[166] 90 days
 Romania Visa not required[167] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Russia Visa required[168]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[169] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[170] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[171] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[172] 1 month
 Samoa Entry Permit on arrival[173] 60 days
 San Marino Visa not required[174]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[175]
  • Visa holders issued by USA or a Schengen Member State may enter São Tomé and Príncipe for stay up to a maximum stay of 15 days
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[176]
 Senegal Visa not required[177] 90 days
 Serbia Visa required[178]
  • Valid Schengen, UK, US, Switzerland or EEA Member State Visa holder may enter Serbia without Serbian tourist visa
 Seychelles Visitor's Permit on arrival[179] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa required[180]
  • Holders of a copy of a pre-arranged visa can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Singapore Visa not required[181] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[182] 90 days
 Slovenia Visa not required[183] 90 days
 Solomon Islands Visitor's permit on arrival[184] 3 months
 Somalia Visa on arrival[185] 30 days
 South Africa Visa not required[186] 30 days
 South Sudan Visa required[187]
 Spain Visa not required[188] 90 days
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[189] 30 days
 Sudan Visa on arrival[190] 3 months
 Suriname Visa not required[191] 30 days
 Swaziland Visa not required[192] 30 days
 Sweden Visa not required[193] 90 days
  Switzerland Visa not required[194] 90 days
 Syria Visa required
  • Disputed:
    • According to the Law No. 2 of 2014 all visitors require visas prior to arrival.[195][196][197]
    • According to the IATA database, visa may be obtained on arrival and is valid for 15 days.[198]
 Tajikistan eVisa[199] 45 days
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points. Fee is US$50.[200]
 Tanzania Visa not required[201] 3 months
 Thailand Visa not required[202] 30 days[203]
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[204] 30 days[205]
 Togo Visa on arrival[206] 7 days
  • Must have return/onward ticket and 3 passport photos.[207]
 Tonga Visa on arrival[208] 31 days
  • Must have return/onward ticket.[209]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[210]
 Tunisia Visa not required[211] 3 months
 Turkey Visa not required[212] 90 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[213][214]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[215] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[216]
  • E-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure.[217]
 Ukraine eVisa / Visa on arrival[218][219] 15 days
 United Arab Emirates Visa on arrival[221] 30 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required[222] 6 months
 United States Visa required[223]
 Uruguay Visa not required[224] 30 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[225] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[226] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa not required[227] 90 days
 Venezuela Visa not required[228] 90 days
 Vietnam Visa not required[229] 30 days
 Yemen Visa on arrival[166] 3 months
 Zambia Visa not required[230] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa not required[231] 3 months

Territories

Visa requirements for Malaysia citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Europe
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required Electronic form submission and supporting documents submission via email or fax[232]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[233][234]
Belarus Brest and Grodno Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[235]
Entry to / exit from Brest, Zhabinsky, Kamenets, Pruzhansky districts of Brest region, as well as Svisloch district of the Grodno region must be through road checkpoints Brest (Terespol), Domachevo (Slovatici), Peschatka (Polovtsi), the point of a simplified pass Pererov (Bialowieza), railway crossing point Brest-Vostochny (Terespol) & checkpoint Brest airport.
Entry to / exit from territory of special tourist and recreational park Augustow Canal must be through road checkpoints Bruzgi (Forge Belostotskaya) Privalka (Raigardas), point of a simplified check Forestry (Rudavka), Privalka (Svindubre), railway checkpoint Grodno (Kuznica Belostotskaya) & checkpoint Airport Grodno.
Autonomous Republic of Crimea Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required.[236]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[237][238]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[239] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa not required 90 days[240][241]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[242] 90 days[243]
 Guernsey Visa not required 90 days[244]
 Isle of Man Visa not required 90 days[245]
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[246][247]
 Jersey Visa not required 90 days[248]
 Kosovo Visa not required 90 days[249]
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Visa on arrival Travellers can obtain the visa on arrival at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs office in Stepanakert upon arrival.[250][251] Holders of a passport containing a Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[252][253]
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[254]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[255][256]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[257]
Africa
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[258][259]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[260]
 Mayotte Visa not required 90 days[261][262]
 Réunion Visa not required 90 days[261][262][263]
 Ascension Island Entry Permit required Entry Permit must be obtained minimum 28 days in advance (3 months for 20/30 pounds sterling, single/double entry).[264]
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass on arrival 6 months. Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[265]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[266]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[267]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[268]
Asia
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
China Hainan Visa on arrival[47] 15 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.
Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)[269]
 Hong Kong Visa not required 3 months[270]
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[271][272][273][274][275][276]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[277]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[278]
 Macao Visa not required 30 days[279]
Maldives Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[280]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa not required[281] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[282]
 Taiwan Visa not required 30 days[283]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[284][285][286]
China Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[287][288][289]
 Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[290][291]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[292]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Anguilla Visa not required 3 months[293]
 Aruba Visa not required 90 days[294][295]
 Bermuda Visa not required 6 months.[34]
Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required 90 days[296][297]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required 6 months, extensions possible[298]
Colombia San Andrés and Leticia[299] Tourist Card on arrival must hold return/onward ticket. Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[48]
 Cayman Islands Visa not required 60 days[300]
 Curacao Visa not required 3 months[301]
France French West Indies Visa not required 90 days. French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[262][263]
 Greenland Visa not required 90 days[302]
Venezuela Margarita Island Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[303]
 Montserrat Visa not required 6 months[304][305]
 Puerto Rico Visa required[306] Visa Issued by the United States is required.
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required 90 days[261][262][263]
 Sint Maarten Visa not required 90 days[307][308]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required Holders of valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA may enter Turks and Caicos Islands for stay up to a maximum of 90 days.[309][310]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[311] Visa issued by the United States is required.
South America
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
France French Guiana Visa not required 90 days[312][262][263]
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[313]
Oceania
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Entry permit required Entry Permit required from Office of Attorney General of American Samoa.[314]
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[315]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[316]
 Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days[317]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[318]
 French Polynesia Visa not required 90 days[319][262]
 Guam Visa not required 45 days[320]
 New Caledonia Visa not required 90 days [261][262]
 Niue Visa not required 30 days[321]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required 45 days[320]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee USD35 or tax of USD5 if not going ashore.[322][323][324]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required 90 days[261]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Falkland Islands Visa required British Overseas Territory visa is required. Apply at British High Commission[333]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required 60 days before arrival[334]
Antarctica Special permits required Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[335][336][337][338][339][340][341][342][343][344][345]

APEC Business Travel Card

  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[346]

1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[347]

  • no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States)
  • undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
  • expedited scheduling of visa interview (United States)

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid at least 6 months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[348] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[349] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela and Vietnam.[350]

Turkey requires passports to be valid for at least 150 days upon entry.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months beyond the period of intended stay include European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom), Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (and always excepting EU/EEA/Swiss nationals), Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, New Zealand and 3 months validity on arrival in Albania, Honduras, Macedonia, Panama, Qatar and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the period of intended stay include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[351][352] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[353]

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages in the passport being presented, generally one or two pages.[354] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever
Main article: Carte Jaune

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination.

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has recently visited one.[355]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[356] Lebanon,[357] Libya,[358] Saudi Arabia,[359] Sudan,[360] Syria[361] and Yemen[362] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel. Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport, giving passengers a card instead that reads: "Since January 2013 a pilot scheme has been introduced whereby visitors are given an entry card instead of an entry stamp on arrival. You should keep this card with your passport until you leave. This is evidence of your legal entry into Israel and may be required, particularly at any crossing points into the Occupied Palestinian Territories." [363] Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when travelling into and out of Gaza. Also, passports are still stamped (as of 22 June 2017) at the Jordan Valley/Sheikh Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin/Arava land borders with Jordan.

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Main article: Armenia–Azerbaijan relations

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bans entry of citizens from Armenia, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, to the Republic of Azerbaijan[364][365] (although there have been exceptions, notably for Armenia's participation at the 2015 European Games held in Azerbaijan).

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[366] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these occupied territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[367] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[368] As of April 2018 the list contains 710 persons.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognized Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their country.

Criminal record

Some countries (for example: Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States [369]) routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity. Attempts to enter the Gaza strip by sea may attract a 10-year ban on entering Israel.[370]

Fingerprinting

Main article: Countries applying biometrics
Iris recognition biometric systems apply mathematical pattern-recognition techniques to images of the irises of an individual's eyes.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest those travellers that refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[371]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[372][373] Argentina,[374] Brunei, Cambodia,[375] China when entering through Shenzhen airport,[376] Ethiopia,[377] Ghana, India, Japan,[378][379] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[380] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[381] Singapore, South Korea,[382] and Taiwan.[383]

Additionally, the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[384][385]

See also

References and Notes

References
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  380. ↑ "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
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  385. ↑ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
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