Newark, Ohio

Newark, Ohio
City
Licking County Courthouse
Nickname(s): "Nerk"

Location of Newark in Licking County and State of Ohio
Coordinates: 40°3′47″N 82°25′0″W / 40.06306°N 82.41667°W / 40.06306; -82.41667Coordinates: 40°3′47″N 82°25′0″W / 40.06306°N 82.41667°W / 40.06306; -82.41667
Country  US
State  Ohio
County Licking
Government
 • Mayor Jeff Hall
Area[1]
 • Total 21.37 sq mi (55.35 km2)
 • Land 20.88 sq mi (54.08 km2)
 • Water 0.49 sq mi (1.27 km2)
Elevation[2] 833 ft (254 m)
Population (2010)[3]
 • Total 47,573
 • Estimate (2017[4]) 49,423
 • Density 2,278.4/sq mi (879.7/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes 43055, 43056, 43058, 43093
Area code(s) 740, 220
FIPS code 39-54040[5]
GNIS feature ID 1065144[2]
Website http://www.newarkohio.net/

Newark is a city in and the county seat of Licking County, Ohio, United States,[6] 33 miles (53 km) east of Columbus, at the junction of the forks of the Licking River. The estimated population was 49,423 at the 2017 census, which makes it the 16th largest city in Ohio.

History

Newark Earthworks mound, Hopewell culture, 100 AD-500 AD

Indigenous peoples lived along the river valleys for thousands of years before European contact. From more than two thousand years ago, 100 AD to 500 AD, people of the Hopewell culture transformed the area of Newark. They built many earthen mounds and enclosures, creating the single largest earthwork complex in the Ohio River Valley. The Newark Earthworks, designated a National Historic Landmark, have been preserved to document and interpret the area's significant ancient history. The earthworks cover several square miles. The Observatory Mound, Observatory Circle, and the interconnected Octagon earthworks span nearly 3,000 feet (910 m) in length. The Octagon alone is large enough to contain four Roman Coliseums. The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt would fit precisely inside Observatory Circle. The even larger 1,180-foot (360 m)-diameter Newark Great Circle is the largest circular earthwork in the Americas. The 8 feet (2.4 m)-high walls surround a 5 feet (1.5 m)-deep moat. At the entrance, the walls and moat are of greater and more impressive dimensions.

In addition, the remains of a road leading south from the Octagon have been documented and explored. It was first surveyed in the 19th century, when its walls were more apparent. Called the Great Hopewell Road, it may extend 60 miles (97 km) to the Hopewell complex at Chillicothe, Ohio. It was surveyed at least six miles (10 km) south of the Octagon, and can be seen on photographs and with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensing technology south of that.[7]

Contemporary archaeogeodesy and archaeoastronomy researchers have demonstrated that the Hopewell and other prehistoric cultures had advanced scientific understandings which they used to create their earthworks for astronomical observations, markings and celebrations. Researchers analyzed the placements, alignments, dimensions, and site-to-site interrelationships of the Hopewell earthworks to understand what had been done. Today, the Ohio Historical Society preserves the Great Circle Earthworks in a public park near downtown Newark, called Mound Builders Park (or the Newark Earthworks) located at 99 Cooper Ave, Newark, Ohio. The area of the Octagon Earthworks had been leased to a country club, but new arrangements in 1997 provide for more public access to it. Later American Indian tribes inhabiting the area at the time of European contact were distant descendants of the earlier peoples.

Newark's Pennsylvania Railway Station

After exploration by traders and trappers in earlier centuries, the first European-American settlers arrived in 1802, led by Gen. William C. Schenck. He named the new village after his New Jersey hometown. Later public improvements led to growth in the town, as it was linked to major transportation and trade networks. On July 4, 1825, Governors Clinton of New York and Morrow of Ohio dug the first shovelfuls of dirt for the Ohio and Erie Canal project, at the Licking Summit near Newark, Ohio. On April 11, 1855, Newark became a stop along the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad that connected Pittsburgh to Chicago and St. Louis. On April 16, 1857, the Central Ohio Railroad connected Newark west to Columbus, and later Newark maintained a station on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

The ‘BDDLITS Officers’ started in 1850, most commonly know “to grow members professionally.” Most information of this group is still unknown; and the members identity’s have been kept hidden. Old paperwork was found in the old Newark High School (before demolition), and many old buildings in downtown Newark, Ohio. These papers included seals, coded text, and talk about “Amemndment” and “Bi-laws.” Scans of the old documents are being worked on. Currently nobody is investigating this old historic group. No definitive sources have came out. No news story’s have been made. ("lcounty archives," n.d.)

The Heisey Glass Company started in Newark in 1895. The factory operated there for 62 years, until the company's demise in 1957 due to changing tastes. The National Heisey Glass Museum, operated by the Heisey Collectors of America, Inc., is located on Sixth Street in Newark.

In 1909, The Arcade was opened. Modeled after innovative European buildings, it became one of Newark's first successful retail emporiums. Later versions became known as shopping malls. At 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2), the Arcade is one-third the size of an average modern Wal-Mart. The original architecture provides a beautiful setting that attracts shoppers to its businesses.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 21.37 square miles (55.35 km2), of which 20.88 square miles (54.08 km2) is land and 0.49 square miles (1.27 km2) is water.[1] Newark is located at 40°3′47″N 82°25′0″W / 40.06306°N 82.41667°W / 40.06306; -82.41667 (40.063014, −82.416779).[8]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1810232—
182041076.7%
1830999143.7%
18402,705170.8%
18503,65435.1%
18604,67527.9%
18706,69843.3%
18809,60043.3%
189014,27048.6%
190018,15727.2%
191025,40439.9%
192026,7185.2%
193030,59614.5%
194031,4872.9%
195034,2758.9%
196041,79021.9%
197041,8360.1%
198041,162−1.6%
199044,3897.8%
200046,2794.3%
201047,5732.8%
Est. 201749,423[9]3.9%
Sources:[10][11][5][12]

In terms of population, Newark, Ohio is the second-largest Newark in the United States, after Newark, New Jersey. Newark, Ohio is part of the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. The median income for a household in the city was $19,791, and the median income for a family was $42,138. Males had a median income of $18,542 versus $12,868 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,819. About 10.1% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 47,573 people, 19,840 households, and 12,057 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,278.4 inhabitants per square mile (879.7/km2). There were 21,976 housing units at an average density of 1,052.5 per square mile (406.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.8% White, 3.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 19,840 households of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.2% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 37.3 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 26% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.

Business

Longaberger corporate headquarters on State Route 16.

Newark is the site of several major manufacturers. The corporate headquarters of basket-maker Longaberger had their new building designed as a gigantic "medium market basket," their most popular model. Holophane, founded in 1898, is one of the world's oldest manufacturers of lighting-related products. The main factory of Owens Corning Fiberglass is also located in Newark. State Farm Insurance has Regional Headquarters in Newark, Ohio. Several industrial parks house such major companies as Kaiser Aluminum, Dow Chemical Company, General Electric, Covestro, Boeing, THK, Harry & David, Communicolor, Diebold, Anomatic, International Paper and Tamarack Farms Dairy. The Park National Bank Corporation is headquartered in downtown Newark.

The main shopping center in the area is the Indian Mound Mall (located in nearby Heath). The mall is named after the world-famous Indian earthworks built 2,000 years ago by the Hopewell Indians of central Ohio.[13] Both earthworks are located less than a mile away from the shopping mall named for them.

Education

Newark City School District serves the city of Newark. Newark High School consists of nearly 2,000 students and competes at the OHSAA D1 level. Newark High School has a storied tradition in Academics and Sports, as well as Performing Arts. Newark High School has won 4 OHSAA Basketball titles (36', 38', 43', 08') and 3 AP Football titles. The Pride of Newark Marching Band has made an unprecedented 39 consecutive years to the OMEA state finals. The Pride has earned a superior rating at State Marching Band finals 30 years, including 3 straight seasons (2015, 2016, 2017). The Newark High School Sinfonia, under the direction of Susan Larson, tied for first runner-up at the National Orchestra Cup in New York City on April 5, 2009. The Sinfonia was featured in a front-page article of the April 14, 2009, edition of The New York Times, and received an invitation to the White House in the fall of 2009. Their Concert Choir recently sang in Italy and was sponsored by Disney. Under the direction of Kimberly & Michael Wigglesworth, the choir has qualified for OMEA Choir state Finals for the past 15 years.

A regional campus of Ohio State University is also located in the city. The Ohio State University at Newark, founded in 1957, schools over 2,500 students and is the most diverse campus in the Ohio State system. Today, under the leadership of Dean and Director William MacDonald, the campus features eleven buildings, including a recreation center and two residence halls. It offers Associate of Arts degrees, as well as Bachelor of Arts degrees in seven majors and Master's degrees in education and social work. It also serves as a doorway to over 200 majors on the Ohio State University campus in Columbus. The Newark Campus shares its facilities with a two-year technical college, COTC (Central Ohio Technical College). Under the leadership of President Bonnie Coe, it serves some 3,000 other students in 45 certificate and associate degree programs.

Newark is also home to a number of private religious schools, including Blessed Sacrament School and Newark Catholic High School. C-TEC (Career and Technology Education Centers of Licking County) offers high school and adult programs.

Newark has a public library, a branch of the Licking County Library System.[14]

Climate

Climate data for Newark, Ohio
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 76
(24)		 75
(24)		 85
(29)		 90
(32)		 95
(35)		 101
(38)		 106
(41)		 101
(38)		 103
(39)		 90
(32)		 81
(27)		 76
(24)		 106
(41)
Average high °F (°C) 36
(2)		 40
(4)		 51
(11)		 63
(17)		 73
(23)		 82
(28)		 85
(29)		 84
(29)		 77
(25)		 66
(19)		 52
(11)		 40
(4)		 62
(17)
Average low °F (°C) 20
(−7)		 21
(−6)		 29
(−2)		 39
(4)		 48
(9)		 57
(14)		 61
(16)		 60
(16)		 52
(11)		 41
(5)		 32
(0)		 23
(−5)		 40
(5)
Record low °F (°C) −24
(−31)		 −26
(−32)		 −7
(−22)		 12
(−11)		 23
(−5)		 32
(0)		 41
(5)		 38
(3)		 25
(−4)		 14
(−10)		 −4
(−20)		 −21
(−29)		 −26
(−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.1
(79)		 2.5
(64)		 3.5
(89)		 3.8
(97)		 4.2
(107)		 4.5
(114)		 4.3
(109)		 3.6
(91)		 2.9
(74)		 2.6
(66)		 3.0
(76)		 2.9
(74)		 40.9
(1,039)
Source: Weatherbase[15]

Notable people

References in culture

Heisey Uranium Milk Glass made in Newark

Points of interest

References

  1. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-24. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
  2. 1 2 "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
  4. ↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-06-07.
  5. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  6. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  7. ↑ William F. Romain and Jarrod Burks, "LiDAR Imaging of the Great Hopewell Road", 04 February 2008, Ohio Archaeological Council, accessed 24 Feb 2010
  8. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  9. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  10. ↑ "Number of Inhabitants: Ohio" (PDF). 18th Census of the United States. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  11. ↑ "Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  12. ↑ "Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
  13. ↑ Ohio State Parks: Great Circle Earthworks
  14. ↑ "Hours & Locations". Licking County Library System. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  15. ↑ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Newark, Ohio, United States of America". July 2011.
  16. ↑ "Thompson, G. David". MetMuseum. Retrieved 25 September 2015.

Bibliography

  • Smucker, Isaac (1807-1894): Recollections of Newark, Ohio Archæological and Historical Society Publications: Volume 20 [1911], pp. 240–247.
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