風

風 (radical 182, 風+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓竹中戈 (HNHLI) or 竹弓一中戈 (HNMLI), four-corner 7721₀, composition ⿵𠘨䖝)

• Index:Chinese radical/風
• 𠷕, 𡺤, 𢞁, 𢱚, 楓(枫), 諷(讽), 𩗩, 𩹥, 颿(𬳳), 𬷣, 𪋖, 𪕴, 𫗅, 𬬣, 瘋(疯), 嵐(岚), 葻

• 风 (Simplified Chinese)

• KangXi: page 1411, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43756
• Dae Jaweon: page 1930, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4480, character 1
• Unihan data for U+98A8

Historical forms of the character 風
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *plum, *plums) : phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) + semantic 虫 (“insects”). Ancient Chinese thought insects appear with wind. (Insects refer to any kind of animal, such as tigers (大蟲)).

In the oracle bone script, the character 鳳 (OC *bums, “male fenghuang”) was phonetically borrowed to represent 風 (OC *plum, *plums). The right part of the bronze inscription of the character consists of phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) at the top, and three parts depicting the fur on the tail of the male fenghuang at the bottom. Subsequent forms of 風 are based on the right part of its bronze inscription, with two of the three threads of "fur" removed for simplification. The 虫 in the Chu script and Qin script of 風 was likely a result of further simplification of the "fur". Shuowen misinterpreted the character 風 by associating it with insects. (Li (2012))

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *buŋ (“wind”) (STEDT). Velar nasal final -ŋ, restored later in Middle Chinese (Schuessler, 2007), is preserved in cognates like Proto-Central Naga *m-puŋ, Jingpho mabung, nbung, Drung nvmbeung.

Pronunciations 1, 2, and 3 are all cognates; with both 2 and 3 evolving from *prəm-s, exoactive (with causative suffix -s) of *prəm (Schuessler, 2007). It is unclear how Old Chinese *prəm is related to Tibetan རླུང (rlung) and Proto-Tai *C̬.lɯmᴬ.

Korean 바람 (baram) was borrowed from Chinese (Zhao, 2007). This word has a wide range of extended meanings, and interestingly many of these have exact parallels in the Korean borrowed item. Compare Chinese 風流 and 風騷 with Korean 바람둥이 (baramdung-i).

Cognate with:

• 飛廉 (OC *pɯl ɡ·rem, “wind god”)
• 蜚蠊 (OC *pɯlʔ/bɯls ɡ·rem, “cockroach”) (note the preservation of the -r- infix in Old Chinese through disyllabification, also 嵐 (OC *b·ruːm), 葻 (OC *b·uːm))
• 瘋 (OC *plum, “mad, insane”)
• 諷 (OC *plums, “to mock, to advise”)
• 帆 (OC *bom, *boms, “sail”)

The development from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese was irregular, driven by dissimilation of the initial and coda bilabial consonants.

風

1. wind
   • 風雨 / 风雨  ―  fēngyǔ  ―  wind and rain; hardships
   • 狂風 / 狂风  ―  kuángfēng  ―  gale
   • 風水 / 风水  ―  fēngshuǐ  ―  feng shui

   • 蘀兮蘀兮，風其吹女。叔兮伯兮，倡予和女。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     蘀兮蘀兮，风其吹女。叔兮伯兮，倡予和女。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     蘀 xī 蘀 xī, fēng qí chuī nǚ. Shū xī bó xī, chàng yǔ hé nǚ. [Pinyin]

     Ye withered leaves! Ye withered leaves! How the wind is blowing you away! O ye uncles, Give us the first note, and we will join in with you.

   • 寢不尸，居不容。見齊衰者，雖狎，必變。見冕者與瞽者，雖褻，必以貌。凶服者式之。式負版者。有盛饌，必變色而作。迅雷風烈，必變。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     寝不尸，居不容。见齐衰者，虽狎，必变。见冕者与瞽者，虽亵，必以貌。凶服者式之。式负版者。有盛馔，必变色而作。迅雷风烈，必变。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Qǐn bù shī, jū bù róng. Jiàn qí shuāi zhě, suī xiá, bì biàn. Jiàn miǎn zhě yǔ gǔ zhě, suī xiè, bì yǐ mào. Xiōng fú zhě shì zhī. Shì fù bǎn zhě. Yǒu shèngzhuàn, bì biàn sè ér zuò. Xùnléi fēngliè, bì biàn. [Pinyin]

     In bed, he did not lie like a corpse. At home, he did not put on any formal deportment. When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though it might be an acquaintance, he would change countenance; when he saw any one wearing the cap of full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in his undress, he would salute him in a ceremonious manner. To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his carriage; he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of population. When he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisions set before him, he would change countenance and rise up. On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance.

2. ^† air; atmosphere
3. ^† general mood; custom
   • 風俗 / 风俗  ―  fēngsú  ―  customs
   • 風氣 / 风气  ―  fēngqì  ―  common practice; atmosphere

   • 王曰：「嗚呼！說，四海之內，咸仰朕德，時乃風。股肱惟人，良臣惟聖。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王曰：“呜呼！说，四海之内，咸仰朕德，时乃风。股肱惟人，良臣惟圣。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 7^th – 4^th centuries BCE

     Wáng yuē: “Wūhū! Shuō, sìhǎi zhī nèi, xián yǎng zhèn dé, shí nǎi fēng. Gǔgōng wéi rén, liáng chén wéi shèng.” [Pinyin]

     The king said, "Oh! Yue, that all within the four seas look up to my virtue is owing to you. As his legs and arms form the man, so does a good minister form the sage (king)."

4. ^† demeanour
   • 風範 / 风范  ―  fēngfàn  ―  manner
   • 風度 / 风度  ―  fēngdù  ―  elegance
5. ^† cultivation; moralisation
   • 風教 / 风教  ―  fēngjiào  ―  cultivation
6. style; manner
   • 風格 / 风格  ―  fēnggé  ―  style
   • 文風 / 文风  ―  wénfēng  ―  writing style
7. ^† conduct; discipline
   • 風惠 / 风惠  ―  fēnghuì  ―  favour
   • 風紀 / 风纪  ―  fēngjì  ―  standard of behaviour
8. ^† power
   • 風掃 / 风扫  ―  fēngsǎo  ―  to sweep
9. ^† news; information
   • 風聲 / 风声  ―  fēngshēng  ―  news
   • 風訊 / 风讯  ―  fēngxùn  ―  news
   • 聞風而動 / 闻风而动  ―  wénfēng'érdòng  ―  to act at once on hearing the news
10. ^† love; affection; to become sexually attracted; to copulate
    • 風月 / 风月  ―  fēngyuè  ―  romance
    • 風情 / 风情  ―  fēngqíng  ―  amorous feelings
    • 風馬牛不相及 / 风马牛不相及  ―  fēngmǎniúbùxiàngjí  ―  irrelevant

    • 馬牛其風，臣妾逋逃，勿敢越逐，祗復之，我商賚汝。乃越逐不復，汝則有常刑！無敢寇攘，逾垣牆，竊馬牛，誘臣妾，汝則有常刑！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      马牛其风，臣妾逋逃，勿敢越逐，祗复之，我商赉汝。乃越逐不复，汝则有常刑！无敢寇攘，逾垣墙，窃马牛，诱臣妾，汝则有常刑！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: The Book of Documents, circa 7^th – 4^th centuries BCE

      Mǎ niú qí fēng, chénqiè būtáo, wù gǎn yuè zhú, zhī fù zhī, wǒ shāng lài rǔ. Nǎi yuè zhú bù fù, rǔ zé yǒu chángxíng! Wúgǎn kòurǎng, yú yuánqiáng, qiè mǎ niú, yòu chénqiè, rǔ zé yǒu chángxíng! [Pinyin]

      When the horses or cattle are seeking one another, or when your followers, male or female, abscond, presume not to leave the ranks to pursue them. But let them be carefully returned. I will reward you (among the people) who return them according to their value. But if you leave your places to pursue them, or if you who find them do not restore them, you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments. And let none of you presume to commit any robbery or detain any creature that comes in your way, to jump over enclosures and walls to steal (people's) horses or oxen, or to decoy away their servants or female attendants. If you do so, you shall be dealt with according to the regular punishments.

11. ^† dissolute; promiscuous
    • 風流 / 风流  ―  fēngliú  ―  dissolute
    • 風騷 / 风骚  ―  fēngsāo  ―  flirtatious behaviour
12. ^† ungrounded; baseless
    • 風言 / 风言  ―  fēngyán  ―  rumour
    • 風謠 / 风谣  ―  fēngyáo  ―  ballad song
13. ^† Alternative form of 瘋／疯 (fēng, “mad; insane”).
    • 風發 / 风发  ―  fēngfā  ―  spirited
    • 風病 / 风病  ―  fēngbìng  ―  psychiatric illness
14. ^† (traditional Chinese medicine) One of the causes of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.
    • 中風 / 中风  ―  zhōngfēng  ―  stroke
    • 風寒 / 风寒  ―  fēnghán  ―  wind chill
    • 風濕 / 风湿  ―  fēngshī  ―  rheumatic
    • 痛風 / 痛风  ―  tòngfēng  ―  gout
15. ^† epilepsy
    • 風癡 / 风痴  ―  fēngchī  ―  insanity
    • 風眩 / 风眩  ―  fēngxuàn  ―  epilepsy
16. A surname​. Feng; Fung

風

1. ^† to blow; to fan
2. ^† to influence; to reform a misguided person through persuasion
   • 風民 / 风民  ―  fēngmín  ―  to cultivate the masses

風

1. ^† Alternative form of 諷／讽 (fěng, “to mock; to ridicule; to satire”).
2. ^† Alternative form of 諷／讽 (fěng, “to advise in mild tone”).
   • 風勸 / 风劝  ―  fēngquàn  ―  to advise
   • 風諭 / 风谕  ―  fēngyù  ―  to advise in mild tone

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. wind
2. custom, influence
3. transmission
4. satire
5. gossip
6. Alternative spelling of 諷 (fū): recite
7. appearance, form, style
8. taste, charm
9. poetry, folk song
10. illness, sickness
11. drooping

• Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō, uncommon); ふう (fū, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ほう (hō)
• Kun: かぜ (kaze, 風, Jōyō); かざ (kaza, 風, Jōyō, uncommon); ち (chi, 風); て (te, 風)
• Nanori: か (ka)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kansay.

Derived from combining form kaza + い (i, ancient nominal particle).

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) かぜ [kàzé] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ze̞]

風 (hiragana かぜ, rōmaji kaze)

1. wind (movement of air)

   涼 (すず)しい風 (かぜ)が吹 (ふ)く。

   Suzushii kaze ga fuku.

   A cool wind blows.

2. airs
3. a style
4. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Shift from Old Japanese 風 (​ti), modern chi, found in some compounds.[1]

風 (hiragana て, rōmaji te)

1. element in compounds related to wind

• 追 (お)い風 (て) (oite)
• 疾風 (はやて) (hayate)

/puː/ → /fuː/

From Middle Chinese 風 (MC pɨuŋ).

In Old Japanese, this kanji was used to transcribe the 借音 (shakuon) kana of ⟨pu⟩ and ⟨bu⟩ in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).

• On’yomi: Goon
  • (Tokyo) ふ​う [fúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
  • IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝː]

風 (hiragana ふう, rōmaji fū)

1. a style

   中国 (ちゅうごく)風 (ふう)

   Chūgoku-fū

   China-style

   そんな風 (ふう)に言 (い)ってくれてありがとう。

   Sonna fū ni ittekurete arigatō.

   Thank you for telling me that.

   (literally, “Thank you for telling me that in that way.”)

/puri/ → /furi/

From Old Japanese.

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 振る (furu, “to swing”).

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) ふり [fùrí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • (Tokyo) ふり​ [fùríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
  • IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

• 振り

風 (hiragana ふり, rōmaji furi)

1. a swing
2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

風 (hiragana ふり, rōmaji -furi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

風 (eumhun 바람 풍 (baram pung))

1. Hanja form^? of 풍 (“wind”).

風 (phong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.