衰

衰 U+8870, 衰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8870
← 衯
[U+886F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衱 →
[U+8871]

Translingual

Han character

衰 (radical 145, 衣+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜田一女 (YWMV), four-corner 00732, composition ⿻哀一)

  1. decline, decrease, wane
  2. falter, fail, fade
  3. weaken, wither

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 1112, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34127
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1577, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3076, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8870

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 衰
variant forms 𠆂

Etymology 1

Pronunciation
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 衰
Mandarin Beijing /ʂuai⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/suai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /suai²¹/
Jinan /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂuai²⁴/
Xi'an /fai²¹/
Xining /fɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂuɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/fai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /suai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /suai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /suai⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂuæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂuae³¹/
Hefei /ʂue̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /suai¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuæ¹³/
/suæ¹³/
Hohhot /suɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /se⁵³/
Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /se̞³³/
Wenzhou /sai³³/
Hui Shexian /sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /so¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕyai³³/
Xiangtan /sai³³/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /soi⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /soi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy⁵³/
Nanning /sui⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /søy⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sue⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /so⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sue³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /suai²³/
/sɔi²³/ ～弱
/sue²³/ 倒霉
Rime
Character 衰 衰
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 初 (19) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 支 (14) 脂 (18)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III Chongniu III
Fanqie 楚危切 所追切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ʃʰˠiuᴇ/ /ʃˠiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈ͡ʂʰʷᵚiɛ/ /ʃʷᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ʃʰiuɛ/ /ʃiuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈ͡ʂʰjwiə̆/ /ʂjwi/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ʃʰjue/ /ʃjui/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ʃʰǐwe/ /ʃwi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʈ͡ʂʰwie̯/ /ʂwi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chuāi shuāi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 衰 衰 衰
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cuī cuī shuāi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshwoj › ‹ tsrhjwe › ‹ srwij ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s.r̥]ˁruj/ /*[tsʰ]roj/ /*sruj/
English mourning clothes reduce diminish, decline

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 衰 衰
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11926 11927
Phonetic
component		 衰 衰
Rime
group		 歌 微
Rime
subdivision		 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 衰 衰
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰrol/ /*srul/

Definitions

衰

  1. to grow weak; to decrease in strength
  2. (Min Nan) to have poor luck
  3. (Cantonese) bad; detestable; awful
    咁衰㗎！ [Cantonese]  ―  Gam3 seoi1 gaa4! [Jyutping]  ―  That's awful!
    做衰嘢 [Cantonese]  ―  zou6 seoi1 je5 [Jyutping]  ―  to do bad things
    衰人 [Cantonese]  ―  seoi1 jan4 [Jyutping]  ―  bad person
    衰婆 [Cantonese]  ―  seoi1 po4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  bitch
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“bad; not good”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 壞
Cantonese Guangzhou 衰
Hong Kong 衰
Min Dong Fuzhou 呆
Min Nan Taipei 歹
Antonyms
  • (Cantonese: disagreeable): 好 (hou2)
See also
  • (Min Nan: to have poor luck): 倒霉 (dǎoméi)
  • (Cantonese: disagreeable): 曳 (jai5), 惡／恶 (ok3)

Compounds
  • 不衰
  • 中衰
  • 乖衰
  • 先盛後衰／先盛后衰
  • 再衰三竭
  • 力乏兵衰
  • 力衰
  • 半衰期 (bànshuāiqī)
  • 就衰
  • 心力衰竭 (xīnlì shuāijié)
  • 心臟衰竭／心脏衰竭 (xīnzàng shuāijié)
  • 振衰起敝
  • 早衰 (zǎoshuāi)
  • 未老先衰
  • 歷久不衰／历久不衰
  • 河陽衰鬢／河阳衰鬓
  • 物極則衰／物极则衰
  • 物盛則衰／物盛则衰
  • 盛不忘衰
  • 盛必慮衰／盛必虑衰
  • 盛極必衰／盛极必衰
  • 盛衰 (shèngshuāi)
  • 盛衰利害
  • 盛衰榮枯／盛衰荣枯
  • 盛衰榮辱／盛衰荣辱
  • 盛衰相乘
  • 盛衰興廢／盛衰兴废
  • 神經衰弱／神经衰弱 (shénjīng shuāiruò)
  • 積衰新造／积衰新造
  • 紅衰翠減／红衰翠减
  • 興衰／兴衰 (xīngshuāi)
  • 色衰愛寢／色衰爱寝
  • 色衰愛弛／色衰爱弛
  • 衰世
  • 衰亡 (shuāiwáng)
  • 衰塌
  • 衰弱 (shuāiruò)
  • 衰微 (shuāiwēi)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 衰
Mandarin Beijing /ʂuai⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/suai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /suai²¹/
Jinan /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂuai²⁴/
Xi'an /fai²¹/
Xining /fɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂuɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/fai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /suai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /suai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /suai⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂuæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂuae³¹/
Hefei /ʂue̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /suai¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuæ¹³/
/suæ¹³/
Hohhot /suɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /se⁵³/
Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /se̞³³/
Wenzhou /sai³³/
Hui Shexian /sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /so¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕyai³³/
Xiangtan /sai³³/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /soi⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /soi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy⁵³/
Nanning /sui⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /søy⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sue⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /so⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sue³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /suai²³/
/sɔi²³/ ～弱
/sue²³/ 倒霉
Rime
Character 衰 衰
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 初 (19) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 支 (14) 脂 (18)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III Chongniu III
Fanqie 楚危切 所追切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ʃʰˠiuᴇ/ /ʃˠiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈ͡ʂʰʷᵚiɛ/ /ʃʷᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ʃʰiuɛ/ /ʃiuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈ͡ʂʰjwiə̆/ /ʂjwi/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ʃʰjue/ /ʃjui/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ʃʰǐwe/ /ʃwi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʈ͡ʂʰwie̯/ /ʂwi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chuāi shuāi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 衰 衰 衰
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cuī cuī shuāi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshwoj › ‹ tsrhjwe › ‹ srwij ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s.r̥]ˁruj/ /*[tsʰ]roj/ /*sruj/
English mourning clothes reduce diminish, decline

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 衰 衰
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11926 11927
Phonetic
component		 衰 衰
Rime
group		 歌 微
Rime
subdivision		 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 衰 衰
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰrol/ /*srul/

Definitions

衰

  1. a type of mourning garment

Compounds
  • 斬衰／斩衰
  • 齊衰／齐衰

References

Japanese

Kanji
衰

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

衰 • (soe, choe, sa) (hangeul 쇠, 최, 사, revised soe, choe, sa, McCune–Reischauer soe, ch'oe, sa, Yale soy, choy, sa)

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Vietnamese

Han character

衰 (suy, thôi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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