牛

See also: 午 and 𓃾
牛 U+725B, 牛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725B
← 牚
[U+725A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 牜 →
[U+725C]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Alternative forms
  • 牜 (U+725C) - Used as a left radical component (not a standalone character)
  • ⽜ (U+2F5C) - Kangxi radical cow
  • ⺧ (U+2EA7) - CJK radical cow (used as a top component)

Han character

牛 (radical 93, 牛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手 (HQ), four-corner 25000, composition ⿻𠂉十)

  1. Kangxi radical #93, ⽜.
  2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №19

Derived characters
  • Index:Chinese radical/牛
  • 件, 吽, 𡉯, 𫰔, 𡵜, 𢓐, 𢪧, 汼, 𭷽, 𨸡, 𣅫, 㭌, 𣧘, 𣬳, 䋅, 𧥸, 鈝, 䭽, 𩲍, 𩵠, 𩿓, 𡕘, 䒜, 窂, 𨳯

References
  • KangXi: page 697, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19922
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1800, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+725B

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 牛

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 牛
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) .

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.

Pronunciation
Note:
  • ngù - colloquial;
  • ngiù - literary.
Note:
  • gû - colloquial;
  • giû/ngiû - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 牛
Mandarin Beijing /niou³⁵/
Harbin /niou²⁴/
Tianjin /niou⁴⁵/
Jinan /ȵiou⁴²/
Qingdao /niou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /niou⁴²/
/ou⁴²/
Xi'an /niou²⁴/
Xining /ȵiɯ²⁴/
Yinchuan /niəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵiou⁵³/
Ürümqi /ȵiɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /niəu²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵiəu³¹/
Guiyang /niəu²¹/
Kunming /niəu³¹/
Nanjing /liəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /liɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /niəu¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiəu¹³/
Hohhot /niəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɤ²³/
Suzhou /ȵiɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵiø²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋau³¹/
Hui Shexian /niu⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵiu⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵiəu¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵiəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiu⁴⁵/
/ŋiɛu⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiu¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋiu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋɐu²¹/
Nanning /ŋɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giu³⁵/
/gu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋu⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /niu³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /gu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ku³¹/
Rime
Character 牛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 語求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋuw/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiu/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yú
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 牛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 niú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ]ʷə/ (< uvular?)
English ox

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 牛
Reading # 1/1
No. 9564
Phonetic
component		 牛
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 牛
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋʷɯ/

Definitions

牛

  1. cow; bull; ox; buffalo (general name for bovine animals) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 頭／头; 隻／只)
  2. beef
    乾炒牛河 / 干炒牛河  ―  gānchǎo niúhé  ―  beef chow fun
  3. stubborn; pigheaded
  4. (colloquial) arrogant
  5. (Mandarin, slang) awesome; powerful
    牛屄  ―  niúbī  ―  [vulgar] awesome
    牛人  ―  niúrén  ―  an awesome person
  6. (astronomy) the Ox, a Chinese constellation near Capricorn
  7. (physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).
  8. A surname​.

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 牛 (“cattle; cow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 牛
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牛
Taxonomic name 牛
Mandarin Beijing 牛
Jinan 牛
Xi'an 牛
Wuhan 牛
Chengdu 牛
Yangzhou 牛
Hefei 牛
Cantonese Guangzhou 牛
Hong Kong 牛
Yangjiang 牛
Gan Nanchang 牛
Hakka Meixian 牛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牛仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 牛仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 牛
Dongshi (Dabu) 牛
Hsinchu (Raoping) 牛
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 牛
Jin Taiyuan 牛, 牛兒
Min Bei Jian'ou 牛
Min Dong Fuzhou 牛
Min Nan Xiamen 牛
Quanzhou 牛
Zhangzhou 牛
Taipei 牛
Kaohsiung 牛
Chaozhou 牛
Wu Suzhou 牛
Wenzhou 牛
Xiang Changsha 牛, 寶耕
Shuangfeng 牛
  • (beef): 牛肉 (niúròu)
  • (awesome):
Synonyms of 牛

Compounds
Derived terms from 牛

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji
牛

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. cow, ox, cattle

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
牛
うし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

牛 (hiragana うし, katakana ウシ, rōmaji ushi)

  1. cow, bull, ox, cattle
    • 1999 November 18, “牛ぎゅう魔ま人じん [Bull Jinn]”, in Vol.6, Konami:
      森 (もり)に住 (す)む牛 (うし)の魔 (ま)人 (じん)。ツノを突 (つ)き出 (だ)し突 (とっ)進 (しん)して攻 (こう)撃 (げき)。
      Mori ni sumu ushi no majin. Tsuno o tsukidashi tosshin shite kōgeki.
      A bovine jinn who resides in the woods. He’ll charge at you and stick you with his horns.
    • 1999 December 1, “ミノタウルス [Minotaurus]”, in BOOSTER 6, Konami:
      すごい力 (ちから)を持 (も)つウシの怪 (かい)物 (ぶつ)。オノひと振 (ふ)りで何 (なに)でもなぎ倒 (たお)す。
      Sugoi chikara o motsu ushi no kaibutsu. Ono hitofuri de nani demo nagitaosu.
      A bovine monster with tremendous power who chops up anyone in his way with one ax swing.
  2. beef
Derived terms
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ウシ.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
牛
ぎゅう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”).

Pronunciation

Noun

牛 (hiragana ぎゅう, rōmaji gyū, historical hiragana ぎう)

  1. cow, bull, ox, cattle
  2. beef
  3. (astronomy) Ox

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

牛 • (u)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 우 (McCune–Reischauer: u, Yale: wu)
    • Name (hangeul): 소
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Okinawan

Kanji

牛

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔuɕi/

Noun

牛 (hiragana うし, romaji ushi)

  1. cow, cattle

Derived terms

References
  • “うし【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
  • “ウシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

Vietnamese

Han character

牛 (ngưu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Kanji

牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

Noun

牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

  1. cow, cattle

References
  • “うち【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
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