臣

臣 U+81E3, 臣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81E3
← 臢
[U+81E2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 臤 →
[U+81E4]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order
(Japan)
Stroke order
(cursive)

Han character

臣 (radical 131, 臣+0, 6 strokes in Chinese, 7 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸中尸中 (SLSL), four-corner 71717, composition ⿷匚⿳丨コ丨 or ⿻巨⿱丨丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #131, ⾂.

Derived characters
  • Index:Chinese radical/臣

References
  • KangXi: page 999, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30068
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1450, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2801, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+81E3

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 臣

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 臣
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臤 *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔 *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳 *kʰriːn
藖 *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅 *kiːn
鋻 *kiːn, *kiːns
鰹 *kiːn
蜸 *kʰiːnʔ
菣 *kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢 *ɡiːn
礥 *ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔 *ɡiːnʔ
挋 *kiŋs
臣 *ɡiŋ
茞 *ɡiŋ
腎 *ɡjinʔ
頣 *hŋiŋʔ
緊 *kinʔ
嚚 *ŋɡriŋ
鏗 *kʰreːŋ
摼 *kʰreːŋ
硻 *kʰreːŋ

Pictogram (象形) – A vertical eye of a man looking downwards. As the individual character it is used as a metaphor meaning “to surrender”, while the meaning relating to eyes appears when used as a radical, such as in 臨 (“to look down at”).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 臣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 植鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑin/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chén
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 臣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chén
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/
English slave, subject

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 臣
Reading # 1/1
No. 1342
Phonetic
component		 臣
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 辰
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡiŋ/
Notes 甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴，
省戈表不刺者則爲臣，
專指役使於家內者

Definitions

臣

  1. minister; statesman; official
  2. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 臣

Japanese

Kanji
臣

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
臣
おみ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

/omi1/ *[omi] → /omi/ [omi]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [omi]

Noun

臣 (hiragana おみ, rōmaji omi)

  1. one who serves a lord; a vassal, subject

Korean

Hanja

臣 • (sin) (hangeul 신)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

臣 (thần)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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