U+6562, 敢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6562

[U+6561]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6563]

Translingual

Stroke order
Mainland China

Alternative forms

  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing 新字形), the upper left component is written (one stroke).
  • In other regions, the upper left component is written (two strokes) which is the orthodox form found in the Kangxi dictionary.

Han character

(radical 66, +8, 12 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 11 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 弓十人大 (NJOK) or 一十人大 (MJOK), four-corner 18140 or 18440, composition ⿰⿱(G) or ⿰⿱(HTJKV))

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 472, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13260
  • Dae Jaweon: page 825, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1463, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6562

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
*l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
*l'aːmʔ
*klaːmʔ
*klaːmʔ
*kʰlaːms
*kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
*qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
*qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
*ŋraːm
*ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
*qʰraːmʔ
*kjam
*hŋramʔ
*ŋam
*ŋamʔ
*ŋamʔ
*ŋams

Pronunciation


Note:
  • káⁿ - vernacular;
  • kám - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /kan²¹⁴/
Harbin /kan²¹³/
Tianjin /kan¹³/
Jinan /kã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /kã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kan⁵³/
Xi'an /kã⁵³/
Xining /kã⁵³/
Yinchuan /kan⁵³/
Lanzhou /kɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /kan⁵¹/
Wuhan /kan⁴²/
Chengdu /kan⁵³/
Guiyang /kan⁴²/
Kunming /kã̠⁵³/
Nanjing /kaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /kæ̃²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /kæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /kɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /kæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /kø³⁵/
Suzhou /kø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /kẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /ky³⁵/
Hui Shexian /kɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /kɛ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /kan⁴¹/
Xiangtan /kan⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /kɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kam³¹/
Taoyuan /kɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐm³⁵/
Nanning /kam³⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐm³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kam⁵³/
/kã⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kã⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ka²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (143)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kamX/
Li
Rong
/kɑmX/
Wang
Li
/kɑmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɑmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gǎn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ kamX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁamʔ/
English dare

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3674
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*klaːmʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. to dare (to); to venture (to)
    我們必須 [MSC, trad.]
    我们必须 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen bìxū gǎn xiǎng, gǎn shuō, gǎn gàn. [Pinyin]
    We must dare to think, speak up and act.
    眼看   Tā bù gǎn zhèng yǎnkàn tā.   He didn't dare to look at her in the face.
    風雨交加夜晚有人出去 [MSC, trad.]
    风雨交加夜晚有人出去 [MSC, simp.]
    Zài nà ge fēngyǔ jiāojiā de yèwǎn, hěn shào yǒurén gǎn chūqù. [Pinyin]
    Very few people ventured to go out on that stormy night.
    飛機飛行 [MSC, trad.]
    飞机飞行 [MSC, simp.]
    gǎn zuò fēijī fēixíng ma? [Pinyin]
    Will you venture a flight in an air plane?
  2. to be sure; to be certain
    肯定   gǎn kěndìng   to be sure, to be certain
    /    gǎn shuō   to be sure, to be certain
    解決難題 [MSC, trad.]
    解决难题 [MSC, simp.]
    gǎn shuō, nǐ jiějué bù le zhè ge nántí. [Pinyin]
    I bet you can't do this puzzle.
  3. bold; brave
  4. (Min Nan) Final interrogative particle.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 難道 (“could it be that; is it possible that”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 莫非,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 莫非, , 難道
Mandarin Beijing 難道, 難不成,
Taiwan 難道, 難不成
Cantonese Guangzhou 唔通
Hong Kong 唔通
Taishan 唔成, 敢係, 唔得旨, 毋旨, 毋旨估
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 無成, 敢講, 敢係
Liudui (S. Sixian) 無成, 敢講, 敢係
Hsinchu (Hailu) 無成, 敢講, 敢係
Dongshi (Dabu) 無成, 敢講, 敢會, 敢係
Hsinchu (Raoping) 無成, 毋成, 敢講, 敢係
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 無敢, 敢講, 敢會, 敢係
Min Nan Xiamen , 總無
Quanzhou , 總無, 攏無
Zhangzhou , 總無
Taipei ,

See also

Compounds

  • 不敢 (bùgǎn)
  • 不敢出氣不敢出气
  • 不敢出聲不敢出声 (bùgǎn chūshēng)
  • 不敢則聲不敢则声
  • 不敢吭聲不敢吭声
  • 不敢告勞不敢告劳
  • 不敢妄言
  • 不敢後人不敢后人
  • 不敢從命不敢从命
  • 不敢欺
  • 不敢當不敢当 (bùgǎndāng)
  • 何敢 (hégǎn)
  • 到敢
  • 勇敢 (yǒnggǎn)
  • 勇猛果敢
  • 怕敢
  • 愧不敢當愧不敢当
  • 敢且
  • 敢作敢為敢作敢为
  • 敢作敢當敢作敢当
  • 敢保
  • 敢做敢當敢做敢当 (gǎnzuògǎndāng)
  • 敢則敢则
  • 敢則是敢则是
  • 敢勇當先敢勇当先
  • 敢只是
  • 敢問敢问
  • 敢待
  • 敢怒而不敢言
  • 敢怕
  • 敢情 (gǎnqing)
  • 敢攀玉趾
  • 敢於敢于 (gǎnyú)
  • 敢是
  • 敢死 (gǎnsǐ)
  • 敢死士

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. daring, brave, bold
  2. sad, tragic, pitiful

Readings

  • On (unclassified): かん (kan, Jōyō)
  • Kun: あえて (aete, 敢えて); あえない (aenai, 敢えない); あえず (aezu, 敢えず)

Compounds

References

  • New Nelson: 2,350
  • Halpern: 1,706
  • Halpern Learners: 1,121
  • Heisig: 826
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 4i8.5
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Korean

Hanja

• (gam)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): (revised: gam, McCuneReischauer: kam, Yale: kam)
    • Name (hangeul): 감히
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(cám, cảm, dám)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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