兮

兮	U+516E, 兮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516E

← 六
[U+516D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

兯 →
[U+516F]

Translingual

Han character

兮 (radical 12, 八+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金一女尸 (CMVS), four-corner 8020₇, composition ⿱八丂)

References

KangXi: page 127, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1455
Dae Jaweon: page 283, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 241, character 6
Unihan data for U+516E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		兮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 兮

Shang

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j11575	j11576	j11577	j11578	j11579	j11580	j11581	j11582
j11583	j11584	j11585

**Bronze inscriptions**
b07112	b07113	b07114	b07115	b07116	b07117	b07118

**Small seal script**
s03508

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L02483	L02484	L02485

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (兮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
盻	ŋeːs, ɢeːs
兮	*ɢeː
枍	*qeːs

Originally the same character as 乎 (OC *ɢaː). The oracle bone form consists of 丂 (“fork in a tree”) and two vertical strokes above; the two strokes are parallel in most oracle bone attestations, possibly representing finer branches (i.e. the sound produced by wind blows past these branches).

Etymology

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xī (xi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hai⁴
Min Nan (POJ): ê / hê

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xī
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
  - Wade–Giles: hsih¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hai⁴
  - Yale: hàih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hei⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /hɐi̯²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ê / hê
  - Tâi-lô: ê / hê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ee, hee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /e²⁴/, /he²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /e²⁴/, /he²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /e¹³/, /he¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /e²⁴/, /he²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /e²³/, /he²³/

Note:

ê - vernacular;
hê - literary.

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 兮
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕi⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕi²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕi²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕi²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕi²¹/
	Xining	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕi⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕi⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕi⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕi⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ɕi³¹/
	Hefei	/sz̩²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕi¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕi¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕi³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕi⁵³/
	Suzhou	/i⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɦi²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕi³¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕi³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕi³³/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/hi⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐi²¹/
	Nanning	/hɐi²¹/
	Hong Kong	/hɐi²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/he³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hie⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xi⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hi³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hi²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦei/▼

Rime
Character	兮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡雞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦei/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦei/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛj/
Li Rong	/ɣei/
Wang Li	/ɣiei/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xí

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɡˤe/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢeː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	兮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ hej ›
Old Chinese	/*ɡˁe/
English	(final particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	兮
Reading #	1/1
No.	13231
Phonetic component	兮
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	奚
Old Chinese	/*ɢeː/

Definitions

兮

(literary) Sentence-final Exclamatory particle.
子夏問曰：「『巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以為絢兮。』何謂也？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
子夏问曰：“‘巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以为绚兮。’何谓也？” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Zǐ Xià wèn yuē: “‘qiǎoxiào qiàn xī, měimù pàn xī, sù yǐwéi xuàn xī.’ Héwèi yě?” [Pinyin]
Zi Xia asked, saying, "What is the meaning of the passage - 'The pretty dimples of her artful smile! The well-defined black and white of her eye! The plain ground for the colors?'"

Compounds

伯兮
兮兮 (xīxī)
巧笑倩兮

慘兮兮／惨兮兮
歸去來兮／归去来兮
神經兮兮／神经兮兮 (shénjīngxīxī)

簡兮／简兮
蘀兮
髒兮兮／脏兮兮

Japanese

Kanji

兮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): けい (kei)
Kun: の (no)

Korean

Hanja

兮 (eum 혜 (hye))

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Vietnamese

Han character

兮: Hán Nôm readings: hề

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