嗚呼

See also: 呜呼

Chinese
(onomat. for humming)
 
to call; to cry; to shout; to breath out; to exhale
trad. (嗚呼) 嗚 呼
simp. (呜呼) 呜 呼

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 嗚 呼
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 哀都切 荒烏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔuo/ /huo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔuo/ /huo/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔo/ /xo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔɔ/ /hɔ/
Li
Rong		 /ʔo/ /xo/
Wang
Li		 /u/ /xu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔuo/ /xuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wū hū
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 呼 呼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hū hù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xu › ‹ xuH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰˁa/ /*qʰˁa-s/
English call out, shout call out, shout

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 嗚 呼
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13078 5181
Phonetic
component		 烏 乎
Rime
group		 魚 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 烏 呼
Old
Chinese		 /*qaː/ /*qʰaː/

Interjection

嗚呼

  1. (archaic) alas; alack; wellaway

Verb

嗚呼

  1. (euphemistic) to die; to pass away

Derived terms
  • 嗚呼哀哉／呜呼哀哉

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
嗚 呼
Hyōgaiji Grade: 6
Irregular

Compare English ah.

The kanji spelling is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字), borrowed from Chinese 嗚呼.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Interjection

嗚呼 (hiragana ああ, katakana アー, rōmaji ā)

  1. ah, oh
    1. an expression of surprise
    2. word expressing affirmation
    3. word used to call attention
    4. word expressing a grunt or pain
Usage notes
  • Used in Old Japanese as 借訓 (shakkun, “kanji spelling used as a Japanese sound”) kana for a.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
嗚 呼
Hyōgaiji Grade: 6
Irregular

Origin unknown; compare おかしい (“strange, funny”). Historically written ヲコ or ウコ; the kanji spelling is ateji (当て字).[2]

Alternative forms

Adjective

嗚呼 (-na inflection, hiragana おこ, rōmaji oko)

  1. (archaic) foolish, stupid
  2. (archaic) funny, clownish

Noun

嗚呼 (hiragana おこ, rōmaji oko)

  1. folly, absurdity, foolishness

Compounds
  • 嗚 (お)呼 (こ)絵 (え) (okoe)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Heibonsha World Encyclopedia‎ (in Japanese), 1998
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