訓読み

Japanese
Hiragana くんよみ
Kanji 訓読み
訓読
Kanji in this term
訓 読
くん
Grade: 4		 よ
Grade: 2
jūbakoyomi

Etymology

Compound of 訓 (kun, “meaning”) +‎ 読み (yomi, “reading”). Originally referred to the meanings of Chinese words in Japanese, as opposed to the sounds (i.e. pronunciations) to use when reading Chinese text (called 音読み (on'yomi) or 音読 (ondoku)).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

訓読み (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 訓讀み, hiragana くんよみ, rōmaji kun'yomi)

  1. (linguistics) Japanese native reading for kanji (Chinese characters), using 大和 (やまと)言 (こと)葉 (ば) (yamato kotoba, “native Japanese words”)

Antonyms

Verb

訓読みする (hiragana くんよみする, rōmaji kun'yomi suru)

  1. to use the kun'yomi of a word, to read a kanji using the pronunciation of a native Japanese word

Conjugation
Conjugation of "訓読みする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 訓読みし くんよみし kun'yomi shi
Continuative (連用形) 訓読みし くんよみし kun'yomi shi
Terminal (終止形) 訓読みする くんよみする kun'yomi suru
Attributive (連体形) 訓読みする くんよみする kun'yomi suru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 訓読みすれ くんよみすれ kun'yomi sure
Imperative (命令形) 訓読みせよ¹
訓読みしろ²		 くんよみせよ¹
くんよみしろ²		 kun'yomi seyo¹
kun'yomi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 訓読みされる くんよみされる kun'yomi sareru
Causative 訓読みさせる
訓読みさす		 くんよみさせる
くんよみさす		 kun'yomi saseru
kun'yomi sasu
Potential 訓読みできる くんよみできる kun'yomi dekiru
Volitional 訓読みしよう くんよみしよう kun'yomi shiyō
Negative 訓読みしない くんよみしない kun'yomi shinai
Negative continuative 訓読みせず くんよみせず kun'yomi sezu
Formal 訓読みします くんよみします kun'yomi shimasu
Perfective 訓読みした くんよみした kun'yomi shita
Conjunctive 訓読みして くんよみして kun'yomi shite
Hypothetical conditional 訓読みすれば くんよみすれば kun'yomi sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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