2012 United States presidential election in Missouri

The 2012 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 general election, in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Missouri voters chose 10 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate, Congressman Paul Ryan.

Main article: 2012 United States presidential election
2012 United States presidential election in Missouri
November 6, 2012
 
Nominee Mitt Romney Barack Obama
Party Republican Democratic
Home state Massachusetts Illinois
Running mate Paul Ryan Joe Biden
Electoral vote 10 0
Popular vote 1,482,440 1,223,796
Percentage 53.76% 44.38%
County results
President before election

Barack Obama
Democratic

 Elected President

Barack Obama
Democratic

Elections in Missouri

Missouri was won by Mitt Romney, who took 53.76% of the vote to Barack Obama's 44.38%, a margin of 9.38%. Although a battleground in past elections, Missouri is considered to be trending toward the Republicans, having been the only swing state to be won (albeit narrowly) by Republican John McCain in the 2008 election. Consequently, the state was not heavily contested by either side in 2012, and the Republicans ultimately carried Missouri by the largest margin since 1984. Also, this was the first time since 1900 that Missouri was not carried by the victor of the presidential contest two times consecutively (after Obama had failed to win the state in 2008), as well as the first time since 1900 when the overall loser of the presidential election won the state by a margin larger than 1% of the statewide vote.

Obama carried only three counties and the City of St. Louis. He carried Boone County, home to Columbia and the University of Missouri; Jackson County, which is where most of Kansas City is located; and St. Louis County.

General election

Results
2012 United States presidential election in Missouri[1]
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Republican Mitt Romney Paul Ryan 1,482,440 53.76% 10
Democratic Barack Obama Joe Biden 1,223,796 44.38% 0
Libertarian Gary Johnson Jim Gray 43,151 1.57% 0
Constitution Virgil Goode Jim Clymer 7,936 0.29% 0
Totals 2,757,323 100.00% 10

By county
County Romney Votes Obama Votes Others Votes Total
Adair55.81%5,65141.66%4,2192.53%25610,126
Andrew65.70%5,45731.89%2,6492.41%2008,306
Atchison70.21%1,90227.91%7561.88%512,709
Audrain62.16%6,18635.56%3,5392.28%2279,952
Barry71.22%9,83226.56%3,6672.22%30713,806
Barton76.89%4,41821.41%1,2301.70%985,746
Bates64.60%5,02032.90%2,5572.50%1947,771
Benton66.28%6,06931.94%2,9251.78%1639,157
Bollinger75.05%4,09522.24%1,2132.71%1485,456
Boone47.09%37,40450.16%39,8472.75%2,18179,432
Buchanan53.15%18,66044.42%15,5942.43%85235,106
Butler72.52%12,24825.83%4,3631.65%27816,889
Caldwell65.30%2,72131.49%1,3123.21%1344,167
Callaway64.42%11,74533.30%6,0712.28%41618,232
Camden68.77%15,09229.43%6,4581.80%39521,945
Cape Girardeau71.03%25,37027.24%9,7281.73%61835,716
Carroll71.38%3,07226.81%1,1541.81%784,304
Carter70.67%1,97826.94%7542.39%672,799
Cass63.20%30,91234.85%17,0441.96%95748,913
Cedar72.39%4,37625.43%1,5372.18%1326,045
Chariton62.86%2,40235.04%1,3392.09%803,821
Christian72.37%27,47325.85%9,8131.79%67837,964
Clark53.64%1,73043.35%1,3983.01%973,225
Clay53.22%56,19144.80%47,3101.98%2,088105,589
Clinton60.15%5,93137.40%3,6882.45%2429,861
Cole66.08%24,49032.39%12,0051.53%56737,062
Cooper65.06%4,88732.94%2,4742.00%1507,511
Crawford67.17%6,43430.81%2,9512.03%1949,579
Dade74.31%2,89524.10%9391.59%623,896
Dallas68.58%4,99229.15%2,1222.27%1657,279
Daviess65.04%2,29031.95%1,1253.01%1063,521
DeKalb70.25%3,05627.45%1,1942.30%1004,350
Dent73.51%4,88323.86%1,5852.63%1756,643
Douglas70.91%4,64926.07%1,7093.02%1986,556
Dunklin64.31%6,85034.14%3,6361.55%16510,651
Franklin62.87%29,39634.96%16,3472.16%1,01246,755
Gasconade68.62%4,89529.42%2,0991.96%1407,134
Gentry66.29%1,98831.24%9372.47%742,999
Greene61.11%76,90036.73%46,2192.17%2,729125,846
Grundy69.27%3,03027.71%1,2123.02%1324,374
Harrison71.01%2,62426.63%9842.35%873,695
Henry61.53%6,22935.62%3,6062.85%28810,123
Hickory60.58%2,83537.03%1,7332.39%1124,680
Holt74.68%1,72523.85%5511.47%342,310
Howard61.99%3,01735.40%1,7232.61%1274,867
Howell70.62%11,54426.89%4,3952.49%40716,346
Iron55.87%2,25241.40%1,6692.73%1104,031
Jackson39.38%122,70859.04%183,9531.58%4,916311,577
(Jackson without Kansas City)53.33%93,19944.79%78,2831.88%3,282174,764
Jasper69.33%31,34928.33%12,8092.34%1,06045,218
Jefferson55.30%53,97842.58%41,5642.12%2,06997,611
Johnson60.72%12,76336.47%7,6672.81%59121,021
(Kansas City)21.57%29,50977.24%105,6701.19%1,634136,813
Knox61.57%1,20535.67%6982.76%541,957
Laclede71.18%10,93426.64%4,0932.18%33515,362
Lafayette62.06%9,80335.80%5,6552.13%33715,795
Lawrence72.49%11,42125.50%4,0172.01%31715,755
Lewis62.56%2,67735.24%1,5082.20%944,279
Lincoln63.27%14,33234.14%7,7342.59%58622,652
Linn60.25%3,34436.77%2,0412.97%1655,550
Livingston66.17%4,00631.48%1,9062.35%1426,054
Macon65.66%4,70132.25%2,3092.09%1507,160
Madison65.46%3,22732.21%1,5882.33%1154,930
Maries69.74%3,16528.62%1,2991.63%744,538
Marion65.17%7,92333.16%4,0311.68%20412,158
McDonald72.84%5,69424.56%1,9202.60%2037,817
Mercer75.83%1,25521.33%3532.84%471,655
Miller73.50%8,09924.06%2,6512.44%26911,019
Mississippi60.91%2,99737.76%1,8581.32%654,920
Moniteau73.01%4,70424.96%1,6082.03%1316,443
Monroe63.20%2,56434.46%1,3982.34%954,057
Montgomery65.52%3,49032.66%1,7401.82%975,327
Morgan65.99%5,73331.92%2,7732.09%1828,688
New Madrid59.09%4,28438.81%2,8142.10%1527,250
Newton72.48%18,18125.62%6,4251.90%47725,083
Nodaway62.31%5,59335.34%3,1722.35%2118,976
Oregon65.28%2,88632.10%1,4192.62%1164,421
Osage77.02%5,32921.29%1,4731.69%1176,919
Ozark69.17%3,08028.32%1,2612.52%1124,453
Pemiscot56.80%3,59842.16%2,6711.04%666,335
Perry70.98%5,66927.34%2,1841.68%1347,987
Pettis63.13%10,84234.37%5,9042.50%42917,175
Phelps65.39%11,89531.88%5,7982.73%49718,190
Pike62.52%4,57735.27%2,5822.21%1627,321
Platte56.24%25,61842.09%19,1751.67%75945,552
Polk70.52%9,25227.29%3,5802.19%28713,119
Pulaski67.00%9,09230.94%4,1992.06%28013,571
Putnam72.46%1,67325.42%5872.12%492,309
Ralls64.16%3,23134.47%1,7361.37%695,036
Randolph67.05%6,66730.48%3,0312.47%2469,944
Ray56.09%5,81541.24%4,2752.67%27710,367
Reynolds60.31%1,93136.13%1,1573.56%1143,202
Ripley71.12%3,74326.52%1,3962.36%1245,263
Saline56.04%5,10441.61%3,7902.35%2149,108
Schuyler60.55%1,17435.95%6973.51%681,939
Scotland64.36%1,24633.21%6432.43%471,936
Scott68.37%11,62330.13%5,1221.49%25416,999
Shannon61.27%2,26235.26%1,3023.47%1283,692
Shelby67.70%2,18829.89%9662.41%783,232
St. Charles59.66%110,78438.69%71,8381.65%3,068185,690
St. Clair65.26%3,01931.56%1,4603.18%1474,626
St. Francois58.67%13,24839.10%8,8292.24%50522,582
St. Louis City15.98%22,94382.71%118,7801.31%1,884143,607
St. Louis County42.51%224,74256.20%297,0971.29%6,837528,676
Ste. Genevieve50.25%4,05547.25%3,8132.50%2028,070
Stoddard73.81%9,49624.51%3,1531.69%21712,866
Stone73.74%11,78724.54%3,9231.72%27415,984
Sullivan62.04%1,61034.99%9082.97%772,595
Taney72.70%15,74625.30%5,4792.00%43421,659
Texas70.77%7,61826.67%2,8712.55%27510,764
Vernon67.57%5,75830.28%2,5802.15%1838,521
Warren62.35%9,15035.56%5,2192.09%30714,676
Washington58.32%5,07139.30%3,4172.38%2078,695
Wayne66.26%3,79031.70%1,8132.04%1175,720
Webster69.40%10,70828.58%4,4092.02%31215,429
Worth63.36%66432.54%3414.10%431,048
Wright73.29%5,83024.55%1,9532.16%1727,955

Democratic primary
Missouri
Missouri Democratic primary, February 7, 2012
Candidate Votes percentage Delegates
Barack Obama 64,366 88.39% 89
Randall Terry 1,998 2.74% -
John Wolfe Jr. 1,000 1.37% -
Darcy Richardson 873 1.20% -
uncommitted 4,580 6.29% -

Republican primary election and caucuses
2012 Missouri Republican primary
February 7, 2012 (2012-02-07)
 
Candidate Rick Santorum Mitt Romney Ron Paul
Home state Pennsylvania Massachusetts Texas
Popular vote 139,272 63,882 30,647
Percentage 55.23% 25.33% 12.15%
Missouri results by county
  Rick Santorum

The Missouri Republican 2012 primary took place on February 7[2] and the caucuses ran from March 15 to March 24, 2012,[3] except for one rescheduled for April 10. The primary election did not determine which delegates will be sent to the national convention; this is instead determined indirectly by the caucuses and directly by the Missouri Republican congressional-district conventions April 21 and the state convention June 2.[4][5][6]

The unusual situation of having both the primary election and the caucus for the same party in the same election year in Missouri arose as a result of a change in the nominating rules of the Republican Party. State primaries in Missouri were previously held in early February. In September 2008, the Republican National Committee adopted a set of rules which included a provision that no states except Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada were allowed to begin the process of delegate selection (including binding primary elections) before the first Tuesday in March of an election year.[7] In 2011, the Republican-controlled Missouri General Assembly attempted to move the primary election to mid-March, but the bill was vetoed by Democratic Governor Jay Nixon because of a provision limiting his power to fill vacancies in statewide elected offices. In a compromise solution, it was decided that Republican primary election would be made non-binding and instead delegates would be nominated by separate caucuses in late March, a move estimated to cost the state $7–8 million.[8]

This marks the first time since 1996 that Missouri Republicans used a caucus system to nominate delegates to the Republican National Convention.[8]

Republican primary election

The primary was not to affect the selection of Missouri's delegates to the 2012 Republican National Convention, so it had no official effect on the nomination and was widely described beforehand as a "beauty contest". However it was seen as an opportunity for Rick Santorum to face off against Mitt Romney due to the absence of Newt Gingrich, who missed the filing deadline[9] and was not on the ballot. Santorum was the only candidate to actively campaign in the state ahead of the primary.[10]

The primary election was won by Santorum, who also won the Colorado and Minnesota Republican caucuses held that day.[11]

There were 326,438 total votes cast by party ballot[12] (including votes for Democratic, Libertarian and Constitution Party candidates),[13] a turnout of 7.99%[14] of 4,085,582 registered voters. Noting the low Republican turnout, NPR found voters apathetic because the primary was nonbinding.[15]

Results with 100.0% (3,134 of 3,134 precincts reporting):[16]

2012 Missouri Republican primary[17]
Candidate[12] Votes Percentage
Rick Santorum 139,272 55.23%
Mitt Romney 63,882 25.33%
Ron Paul 30,647 12.15%
Uncommitted 9,853 3.91%
Rick Perry 2,456 0.97%
Herman Cain 2,306 0.91%
Michele Bachmann 1,680 0.67%
Jon Huntsman 1,044 0.41%
Gary Johnson 536 0.21%
Michael J. Meehan 356 0.14%
Keith Drummond 153 0.06%
Totals 252,185 100.00%
Key:Withdrew prior to contest.

Republican primary caucuses

The county caucuses elect delegates to congressional district conventions and the Missouri Republican Party state convention, which in turn elect 49 of Missouri's 52 delegates to the national convention.[5][18] However, no straw poll is released to indicate levels of support to the general public. According to the state party, "Caucus-goers will be voting for delegates, and with few exceptions, these delegates will not be bound to a particular candidate. Because there is no vote on candidate preference, neither the Missouri GOP nor any election authority will have or release any data regarding the 'winner' of the caucuses."[19]

Despite the nonbinding nature of the February primary, caucuses had the option to use its result as the basis for delegate allocation. Santorum was to appear personally at some caucuses, which The New York Times described as "part of the campaign's county-by-county strategy to try to outflank Mr. Romney and catch him in the delegate race".[20]

Results

The county caucuses elect delegates to the congressional district conventions and the state convention. Delegates to the national convention will be elected at each of those conventions. Typically, the body of a caucus votes on slates of delegates prepared by leaders of factions and coalitions within the caucus.

The following table shows who won the majority or plurality of delegates for each county according to available unofficial reports.

Election results by county. Dark green indicates counties won by Santorum, gold, those won by Paul, orange indicates those won by Romney, and purple, Gingrich. The counties indicated in black are Barry County and Laclede County, in which Romney/Santorum and Paul/Santorum respectively tied for the win. Dark gray indicates uncommitted counties.

Caucus results by number of counties won

Candidate Counties
Rick Santorum 83
Mitt Romney 17
Ron Paul 11
Newt Gingrich 4
Uncommitted 0
Unknown 0
Total 115

Caucus results by county

County Winner Delegates [21] District Source
Adair Romney 9 6th [22]
Andrew Santorum 8 6th
Atchison Santorum 3 6th
Audrain Santorum 7 4th
Barry Romney 14 7th [23][24]
Barton Santorum 7 4th
Bates Santorum 7 4th
Benton Santorum 9 4th
Bollinger Santorum 6 8th
Boone Paul 53 4th [25][26][27]
Buchanan Romney 28 6th [28][29]
Butler Santorum 17 8th
Caldwell Romney 4 6th [30]
Callaway Romney 17 3rd [31]
Camden Santorum 12 3rd [32]
Cape Girardeau Santorum 36 8th [33]
Carroll Santorum 5 6th
Carter Santorum 3 8th [34]
Cass Santorum 43 4th [35]
Cedar Santorum 6 4th
Chariton Santorum 4 6th [36]
Christian Santorum 37 7th [37]
Clark Santorum 3 6th
Clay Romney 23+55 5th, 6th [38]
Clinton Romney 9 6th [39]
Cole Romney 35 3rd [27]
Cooper Santorum 8 4th
Crawford Santorum 9 8th
Dade Santorum 5 4th
Dallas Romney 7 4th [40]
Daviess Santorum 4 6th
DeKalb Santorum 5 6th
Dent Santorum 7 8th
Douglas Paul 7 8th [41]
Dunklin Santorum 11 8th
Franklin Paul 40 3rd [27][42]
Gasconade Santorum 7 3rd
Gentry Santorum 3 6th
Greene Paul 111 7th [27]
Grundy Paul 5 6th [43]
Harrison Romney 4 6th [44]
Henry Santorum 9 4th
Hickory Santorum 5 4th
Holt Santorum 3 6th
Howard Santorum 4 4th
Howell Santorum 16 8th
Iron Santorum 3 8th
Jackson Paul 144+35 5th, 6th [45][46]
Jasper Santorum 46 7th [47]
Jefferson Santorum 15+39+19 2nd, 3rd, 8th [48][49]
Johnson Santorum 18 4th
Knox Santorum 2 6th
Laclede Paul 16 4th [43]
Lafayette Romney 14 5th [50]
Lawrence Santorum 17 7th [51]
Lewis Santorum 4 6th
Lincoln Santorum 19 3rd [52]
Linn Santorum 5 6th
Livingston Gingrich 6 6th [53]
Macon Santorum 7 6th
Madison Santorum 5 8th
Maries Santorum 5 3rd
Marion Santorum 12 6th
McDonald Santorum 8 7th
Mercer Santorum 2 6th
Miller Romney 12 3rd [32]
Mississippi Santorum 5 8th
Moniteau Santorum 7 4th
Monroe Santorum 4 6th
Montgomery Santorum 5 3rd
Morgan Santorum 8 4th
New Madrid Santorum 7 8th
Newton Santorum 26 7th [47]
Nodaway Paul 8 6th [43]
Oregon Santorum 4 8th [54]
Osage Santorum 8 3rd
Ozark Santorum 5 8th [24]
Pemiscot Santorum 6 8th
Perry Gingrich 8 8th
Pettis Romney 16 4th [55]
Phelps Romney 17 8th [56]
Pike Santorum 7 6th
Platte Gingrich 35 6th [57]
Polk Santorum 13 7th
Pulaski Santorum 14 4th
Putnam Santorum 3 6th
Ralls Santorum 5 6th
Randolph Romney 10 4th [58]
Ray Santorum 8 5th
Reynolds Santorum 3 8th
Ripley Santorum 5 8th
St. Charles Paul 59+88 2nd, 3rd [59]
St. Clair Santorum 5 4th
St. Francois Santorum 19 8th [60]
St. Louis Romney [lower-alpha 1] 67+250 1st, 2nd [27][61]
Saint Louis (city) Paul 36 1st [45][46]
Sainte Genevieve Santorum 6 8th
Saline Santorum 8 5th [62]
Schuyler Santorum 2 6th
Scotland Santorum 2 6th
Scott Santorum 17 8th
Shannon Santorum 3 8th
Shelby Santorum 4 6th
Stoddard Romney 14 8th [63]
Stone Santorum 16 7th
Sullivan Santorum 3 6th
Taney Paul 22 7th [64]
Texas Gingrich 11 8th
Vernon Santorum 8 4th
Warren Santorum 13 3rd
Washington Santorum 7 8th
Wayne Santorum 6 8th
Webster Santorum 11+4 4th, 7th
Worth Santorum 2 6th
Wright Santorum 9 8th
Notes
  1. A separate caucus was held in each township.

Controversies

There were controversies surrounding the caucuses in Clay and Cass counties. The Missouri Republican Party ruled later that the slates of delegates elected at those caucuses were valid.[65] A do-over caucus was required in St. Charles County after the first attempt disbanded over a rules dispute.[66] Controversy also arose at the Jefferson County caucus, and a challenge was filed but later withdrawn.[67]

District and state conventions

The following table shows who won the national delegates for each congressional district and statewide.

Convention results[68][69][70][71]
Candidate 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th State Party
leaders		 Total
Mitt Romney 1 1 2 3 0 1 1 3 19 0 31
Rick Santorum 1 2 1 0 0 1 2 0 6 0 13
Ron Paul 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 4
Newt Gingrich 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Uncommitted 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3
Total 24 25 3 52

See also

References
  1. "Missouri Secretary of State". Archived from the original on January 30, 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  2. "Primary and Caucus Printable Calendar". CNN. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  3. Dates for some Mo. presidential caucuses changed Archived 2012-03-20 at the Wayback Machine, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 20, 2012.
  4. "2012 Primary Schedule « 2012 Election Central". 2012presidentialelectionnews.com. Archived from the original on January 6, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  5. "MOGOP votes to go to caucus system for selecting delegates to national convention". MOGOP.org. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  6. "Missouri Republican State Committee 2012 Call to Convention". Retrieved April 22, 2012.
  7. "The Rules of the Republican Party, As Adopted by the 2008 Republican National Convention, September 1, 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 7, 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
  8. Brown, Tony (March 1, 2012). "Caucus is real deal for county GOP". Maryville Daily Forum. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
  9. "Newt Gingrich fails to get on Missouri ballot – Political Hotsheet". CBS News. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  10. Wagman, Jake (February 7, 2012). "Polls open until 7 p.m. for Missouri's 'beauty contest' today". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
  11. "Santorum wins Missouri primary, getting bragging rights but no delegates for GOP nomination". The Washington Post. January 31, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  12. "Low turnout expected". Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune. Chillicothenews.com. February 6, 2012. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  13. "Statewide Candidate Results". MO Secretary of State. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  14. "Unofficial Voter Turnout". MO Secretary of State. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  15. Greenblatt, Alan (February 7, 2012). "Why Missouri Voters Have The 'Beauty Contest' Blues". It's All Politics. NPR. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
  16. "State of Missouri Presidential Preference Primary – Presidential Preference Primary". Missouri Secretary of State. February 28, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  17. "Google Politics & Elections". Google.com. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  18. "In Missouri, caucus results will have to wait". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. March 2, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
  19. King Jr, Neil (March 15, 2012). "Missouri's Big Caucuses This Weekend Will Show Very Little". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
  20. Zeleny, Jeff (March 16, 2012). "In Missouri, the G.O.P. Fight For Delegates Enters Round 2 (Post-Beauty Contest)". The New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
  21. "Document of Allocation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 29, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  22. "Adair County sending mostly uncommitted delegates to Missouri GOP conventions". Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  23. "Confusion Wins In Missouri's 'Chaotic' Caucus Process". Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  24. "New Romney Web Ad: "Our Favorite" (Comment #35)". Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  25. Cushman, Hannah; Williams, Jaime (March 17, 2012). "Boone County Caucus sends on slate of Paul supporters". The Columbia Missourian. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  26. Silvey, Janese (March 18, 2012). "Ron Paul supporters carry county caucus". Columbia Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  27. "Caucus chaos may have cost Santorum in Missouri". Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
  28. "Caucus sees large turnout". Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  29. "(Update) Vote Counting Glitch Slows GOP Caucus". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  30. "Confusion, conflict mar local caucus". Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2012. and email.
  31. "Record turnout for Republican caucus". Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2012. and phone call.
  32. "Camden County Republicans choose Santorum". Archived from the original on January 28, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  33. "'Purest form of democracy': Cape County Republicans hold caucus that largely backs Santorum". Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  34. "Election commission certifies March 6 primary results". Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  35. "Cass County Caucus Slate Draws Fire". Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  36. "In Missouri, the G.O.P. Fight for Delegates Enters Round 2 (Post-Beauty Contest)". Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  37. "Missouri Caucus Anecdotes: Arguments, Arrests, and a Good Day for Ron Paul". Retrieved March 19, 2012.
  38. Helling, Dave (March 17, 2012). "Missouri caucuses marked by contention, with no clear victor yet". Kansas City Star. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  39. "Clinton County goes non-binding". Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  40. "Dallas County, MO GOP Disenfranchises Voters as Establishment's "Chosen One" Tone Dictates Caucus". Retrieved March 23, 2012. Controversial.
  41. "Douglas county, MO went all Ron Paul". Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2012. (unconfirmed).
  42. "Franklin County GOP Caucus Selects Combined Paul-Romney Slate". KLPW. March 17, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
  43. Unconfirmed, based on eyewitnesses.
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