Plandemic

Plandemic (Portmanteau of "plan" + "pandemic") is a 26-minute conspiracy theory video, first posted to social media on May 4, 2020,[1] promoting falsehoods and misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic.[2][3][4] The film was produced by Mikki Willis's California-based production company Elevate. Willis has produced other conspiracist videos in the past.[3][5] The producers of the video state that it is a trailer for an upcoming film to be released in summer 2020.[2][3][6][7] Featuring in the video is discredited former medical researcher Judy Mikovits. Mikovits has been described as an anti-vaccine activist, which she denies.[8]

The video spread virally on social media, garnering millions of views,[9][10][11] making it one of the most widespread pieces of COVID-19 misinformation.[11] The video was removed by multiple platforms, including Facebook, YouTube, Vimeo, and Twitter, because of its misleading content and promotion of false medical information.[2][7][10][11][12][4] On TikTok, it continued to find popularity via clips excerpted from the full video, part of which were removed by the platform.[13]

The video was criticised by scientists and health professionals for promoting misinformation and conspiracy theories. Science magazine released an editorial piece fact-checking the video and detailing its inaccuracies and misleading claims.[14] Willis initially agreed to respond to eight questions prepared by the Center for Inquiry, Benjamin Radford and Paul Offit about the accuracy of claims made in the video, but he did not follow through when the questions were sent.[5]

Synopsis

The video promotes the conspiracist claim that vaccines are "a money-making enterprise that causes medical harm".[9] It takes the form of an interview between Willis and Mikovits in which Mikovits makes numerous unsupported or false claims around coronavirus, and her own controversial history.[3] Fact-checker PolitiFact highlighted eight false or misleading claims made in the video, including:[3]

  • That Mikovits was held in jail without charge. Mikovits was briefly held on remand after an accusation of theft from her former employer, the Whittemore Peterson Institute, but charges were dropped. There is no evidence to support her claim that notebooks removed from the Institute were "planted" or that the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and its director Anthony Fauci bribed investigators.[3] When asked, both Mikovits and Willis admitted that it was an error to say she had not been charged, and in fact she had meant to say that the charges were dropped, Mikovits saying that "I've been confused for a decade" and that in future she would try to be more clear when she talks about the criminal charge ("I'll try to learn to say it differently.").[15]
  • That the virus was manipulated. An article in Nature analyses the likely origins and finds that "Our analyses clearly show that SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus".[16]
  • That the virus occurred from SARS-1 within a decade, and this is inconsistent with natural causes. This is incorrect: SARS-CoV-2 is similar but not directly descended from SARS-CoV (SARS-1), with only 79% genetic similarity.[17]
  • That hospitals receive "$13,000 from Medicare if you call it COVID-19" when a patient dies. This claim, which had previously been promoted by The American Spectator and WorldNetDaily,[18] was rated "half true" by PolitiFact[19] and Snopes:[20] payments are made, but the amount is open to dispute, and there is no evidence that this influences diagnosis, and in fact the evidence suggests that COVID-19 is, if anything, under-diagnosed.[21]
  • That hydroxychloroquine is "effective against these families of viruses". This claim originates with work by Didier Raoult, which has subsequently received a "statement of concern" from the editors of the journal in which it was published.[22][23] The first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 found no evidence of benefit and some evidence of harm.[24][25] The NIH says that there is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against this use.[26] Other bodies are currently running additional controlled trials to investigate hydroxychloroquine's safety and efficacy; results from a WHO trial are expected in mid-June.[27]
  • That flu vaccines increase the chance of contracting COVID-19 by 36%. This claim is false.[28][29] The claim misinterprets a disputed article that studied the 2017—2018 influenza season, predating the COVID-19 pandemic. The claim that the flu vaccine increases the chance of contracting COVID-19 does not appear in the original article at all. The author (Greg G. Wolff) wrote that coronavirus cases increased from 5.8% (non-vaccinated) to 7.8% (vaccinated) with odds ratio of 1.36, with (1.14, 1.63) 95% confidence interval, and the article highlight said: "Vaccinated personnel did not have significant odds of respiratory illnesses."[30] The article was referring to seasonal coronaviruses (common cold), but COVID-19 was added by the website disabledveterans.org.[29]
  • That "If you've ever had a flu vaccine, you were injected with coronaviruses". This has also been debunked,[31][32][7] the flu shot contains no coronaviruses.[33]
  • That "Wearing the mask literally activates your own virus. You're getting sick from your own reactivated coronavirus expressions." This claim is unsupported by evidence. Masks prevent airborne transmission of the virus, especially during the asymptomatic period (up to 14 days), when carriers may not even be aware they have the disease,[7][34] and a virus may be de-activated, but cannot add to one's infection level, if it leaves the body even temporarily.[35]

Mikovits also alludes to a number of anti-vaccine conspiracy theories regarding Bill Gates and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, notably the idea that Gates is implicated in creating the disease in order to profit from an eventual vaccine,[9] and makes false and unsupported claims that beaches should remain open, as "healing microbes in the saltwater" and "sequences" in the sand can "protect against the coronavirus".[9] The video claims that the numbers of COVID-19 deaths are purposely being misreported in an effort to control people.[36]

Willis' previous credits include numerous conspiracy theorist videos, as well as cinematography on Neurons to Nirvana, a film that makes therapeutic claims about psychedelic drugs.[3]

Reception

Scientists, medical doctors and public health experts condemned the film for promoting misinformation and "a hodgepodge of conspiracy theories".[11][37][38][39] Physician and comedian Zubin Damania wrote in his commentary: "Don't waste your time watching it. Don't waste your time sharing it. Don't waste your time talking about it. I can’t believe I'm wasting my time doing this. But I just want to stop getting messages about it."[40]

Accelerated Urgent Care, whose discredited[41] press conference statements by co-owners Dan Erickson and Artin Massihi were utilized in the video, released an official statement disagreeing with the video's agenda and claiming that the company never gave permission to Willis to utilize their video.[42]

Science journalist Tara Haelle described the video as propaganda and posited that the video "has been extremely successful at promoting misinformation for three reasons":

  1. it "taps into people's uncertainty, anxiety and need for answers";
  2. it "is packaged very professionally and uses common conventions people already associate with factual documentaries"
  3. it effectively exploits various methods of persuasion, including the use of a seemingly trustworthy and sympathetic narrator, appeals to emotion, the Gish gallop, and "sciencey" images.[43]

Willis stated that propaganda was a fair description of the film.[15]

Zarine Kharazian, assistant editor of the Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab, described the response to the removal of the video from Facebook and YouTube as a "censorship backfire", invoking the Streisand effect.[44]

See also

References

  1. Frenkel, Sheera; Decker, Ben; Alba, Davey. "How the 'Plandemic' Movie and Its Falsehoods Spread Widely Online". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  2. Andrews, Travis M. (May 7, 2020). "Facebook and other companies are removing viral 'Plandemic' conspiracy video". Washington Post.
  3. Daniel Funke (May 8, 2020). "Fact-checking 'Plandemic': A documentary full of false conspiracy theories about the coronavirus". PolitiFact.
  4. Neil, Stuart J.D.; Campbell, Edward M. (May 15, 2020). "Fake Science: XMRV, COVID-19, and the Toxic Legacy of Dr. Judy Mikovits". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. doi:10.1089/aid.2020.0095. ISSN 0889-2229.
  5. Radford, Benjamin (May 21, 2020). "'Plandemic' Asks Questions—But Won't Answer Them". Center for Inquiry. Archived from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2020. The video repeatedly emphasizes the importance of “considering different points of view” and asking questions, yet offers no other points of view that contradict or undermine Mikovits. Plandemic claims the medical community has a set narrative that refuses to answer opposing voices—and instead offers its own set narrative that refuses to answer opposing voices. Plandemic made many claims, most of which have been widely debunked. We have to wonder: Where are their responses? Why are they suddenly so quiet? Why are they afraid to answer questions? What do they have to hide?
  6. Anna Merlan (May 11, 2020). "'Plandemic' Is Dangerous, Viral Nonsense". Vice.
  7. Elliott, Josh (May 11, 2020). "Viral 'Plandemic' clip pushes wild claims about coronavirus, masks and vaccines". Global News. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  8. Greg Pickel (May 7, 2020). "Who is Judy Mikovits, and what does she have to do with Anthony Fauci and the coronavirus?". PennLive.com. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  9. Taylor Hatmaker (May 7, 2020). "Platforms scramble as 'Plandemic' conspiracy video spreads misinformation like wildfire". TechCrunch.
  10. Megan Graham (May 7, 2020). "Facebook, YouTube and other platforms are struggling to remove new pandemic conspiracy video". CNBC.
  11. Brandy Zadrozny, Ben Collins (May 7, 2020). "As '#Plandemic' goes viral, those targeted by discredited scientist's crusade warn of 'dangerous' claims". NBC News.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  12. Iverson, Amy (May 16, 2020). "Amy Iverson: Why the 'Plandemic' viral video is dangerous". Deseret News. Archived from the original on May 18, 2020. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  13. Strapagiel, Lauren (May 27, 2020). "COVID-19 Conspiracy Theorists Have Found A New Home On TikTok". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  14. Enserink, Martin; Cohen, Jon (May 8, 2020). "Fact-checking Judy Mikovits, the controversial virologist attacking Anthony Fauci in a viral conspiracy video". Science magazine. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  15. Allen, Marshall (May 9, 2020). "I'm an Investigative Journalist. These Are the Questions I Asked…". ProPublica. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  16. Andersen, Kristian G.; Rambaut, Andrew; Lipkin, W. Ian; Holmes, Edward C.; Garry, Robert F. (April 2020). "The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2". Nature Medicine. 26 (4): 450–452. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9. ISSN 1546-170X. PMC 7095063. PMID 32284615.
  17. Lu, Roujian; Zhao, Xiang; Li, Juan; Niu, Peihua; Yang, Bo; Wu, Honglong; Wang, Wenling; Song, Hao; Huang, Baoying; Zhu, Na; Bi, Yuhai (February 22, 2020). "Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding". The Lancet. 395 (10224): 565–574. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7159086. PMID 32007145.
  18. Rogers, Michelle. "Fact check: Hospitals get paid more if patients listed as COVID-19, on ventilators". Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  19. Tom Kertscher (April 21, 2020). "Fact-check: Hospitals and COVID-19 payments". PolitiFact.
  20. "Is Medicare Paying Hospitals $13K for Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19, $39K for Those on Ventilators?". Snopes.com. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  21. Richardson, Ian. "Fact check: Is US coronavirus death toll inflated? Experts agree it's likely the opposite". Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  22. "Hydroxychloroquine-COVID-19 study did not meet publishing society's "expected standard"". retractionwatch.com. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  23. "Journal Publisher Concerned over Hydroxychloroquine Study". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. "Further evidence does not support hydroxychloroquine for patients with COVID-19: Adverse events were more common in those receiving the drug". ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  25. Tang, Wei; Cao, Zhujun; Han, Mingfeng; Wang, Zhengyan; Chen, Junwen; Sun, Wenjin; Wu, Yaojie; Xiao, Wei; Liu, Shengyong; Chen, Erzhen; Chen, Wei (May 14, 2020). "Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial". BMJ. 369. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1849. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 32409561.
  26. "Antiviral Therapy | Coronavirus Disease COVID-19". COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  27. "Q&A : Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19". www.who.int. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  28. Fichera, Angelo (April 27, 2020). "No Evidence That Flu Shot Increases Risk of COVID-19". FactCheck.org. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  29. "Claim that flu vaccine increases coronavirus infection is unsupported, misinterprets scientific studies". Health Feedback. March 30, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  30. Wolff, Greg G. (January 10, 2020). "Influenza vaccination and respiratory virus interference among Department of Defense personnel during the 2017–2018 influenza season". Vaccine. 38 (2): 350–354. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.005. ISSN 0264-410X.
  31. Richardson, Ian. "Fact check: Getting flu shot doesn't make you more (or less) likely to get the coronavirus". Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  32. "False claim: The flu vaccine causes the new coronavirus". Reuters. April 15, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  33. CDC (April 28, 2020). "Key Facts About Seasonal Flu Vaccine". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  34. Desai, Angel N.; Aronoff, David M. (April 17, 2020). "Masks and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6437. PMID 32301960.
  35. Kasten, Jennifer (May 12, 2020). "What Judy Mikovits Gets Wrong— Pretty much everything, pathologist argues". Medpage Today. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  36. "Coronavirus: 'Plandemic' virus conspiracy video spreads across social media". BBC. May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  37. Graham, Megan (May 7, 2020). "Facebook, YouTube and other platforms are struggling to remove new pandemic conspiracy video". CNBC. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  38. "Social media used to spread, create COVID-19 falsehoods". Harvard Gazette. May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  39. Sheperd, Marshall. "Why People Cling to Conspiracy Theories Like 'Plandemic'". www.forbes.com. Forbes. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  40. "Facebook and Youtube are rushing to delete "Plandemic", a conspiracy-laden video". MIT Technology Review. May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  41. "ACEP-AAEM Joint Statement on Physician Misinformation". American College of Emergency Physicians. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  42. Artin Massihi M.D. "Public Statement from Dr Erickson and Myself". Instagram. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  43. Haelle, Tara (May 8, 2020). "Why It's Important To Push Back On 'Plandemic'—And How To Do It". Forbes.
  44. Andrea Bellemare, Katie Nicholson, Jason Ho (May 21, 2020). "How a debunked COVID-19 video kept spreading after Facebook and YouTube took it down". CBC News.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
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