Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

Protesters have destroyed a coronavirus testing center that was being built in Abidjan, which they said was in a crowded residential area too close to their homes.[2]

The Kenyan government has been accused of extreme measures, with protestors accusing the Kenyan Police of killing at least six people within the first 10 days of the lockdown. Others protested against the forced quarantine of individuals failing to comply with regulations or returning home from abroad, claiming that they had been quarantined for longer than 14 days and made to pay the government for their care.[3] Hundreds protested on 8 May 2020 when the government destroyed 7,000 homes and a market in Kariobangi in an effort to control the virus.[4]

A Malawi high court temporary barred the government from implementing a 21-day lockdown after it was challenged by the Human Rights Defenders Coalition, after it was argued that more consultation was need to prevent harm to the poorest and most vulnerable. Small protests had been staged prior to the ruling, in at least three major cities with some protestors stating it was better to contract the virus than die of hunger due to lack of work.[5]

A group of at least twenty coronavirus patients forced their way out of an isolation facility to protests against alleged improper care and the governments actions which they believed to worsen their conditions.[6] Workers at a construction site rioted against lockdown measures that limited their ability to work on constructing an oil refinery for billionaire Aliko Dangote.[7]

Refugees that had been relocated to the country from an overcrowded refugee camp in Libya, protested against the lockdown from the refugee camp in the capital Kigali.[8]

Many residents protested against the policy that food parcel aid would only be going to households that earn below R3600, and demanded action from the South African Social Security Agency.[9] Surfers have also protested to be allowed to surf during the lockdown, that allows exercise but not water activities.[10]

Three young, female opposition activists were reported missing following a protest in Harare, Zimbabwe, over COVID-19 lockdown measures on May 15, 2020. They were later treated at a hospital after asserting they had been abducted and sexually abused by suspected state security agents.[11]

Protest against plans to set up designated coronavirus clinics near residential areas in Hong Kong on 15 February 2020

Small shop owners protested the continuation of rent charges outside of the Grand Ocean Department Store in Wuhan, chanting "Exempt rental for a year, or refund the lease". Videos from the demonstration were posted in the social media platform Sina Weibo but quickly censored.[12] A woman was arrested and facing criminal charges after attempting to rally about 100 people to protest the poor management and overpriced provisions during the lockdown. She has been charged with "picking quarrels and provoking trouble" an offense normally used to detain dissidents and social activists.[13]

Dozens of doctors were arrested in Quetta after protesting the lack of safety equipment that they had been given to battle the spread of the disease.[14] Hundreds of laborers protested against their forced layoffs due to the pandemic by gathering outside their old places of work throughout the city of Karachi.[15]

Parents of students who had been studying abroad in the Chinese province of Hubei protested against the governments decision to leave the children in the area in February 2020.[16]

After the televised announcement by Prime Minister Narendra Modi that the lockdown was to be extended until at least 3 May, police used batons to disperse protesting migrant workers in Mumbai. Thousands of jobless migrant workers had gathered at railway stations and were demanding to be allowed to break the lockdown to return home.[17] Similar protests were seen in other parts of the country by the workers, and those who claimed that they received no aid which was promised by the government to provide them during the lockdown period.[18]

Thousands of Israelis engaged in social distancing while gathering to protest against the believed anti-democratic measures in the country by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Many were involved in the Black Flag movement which had been allowed to protest by police if they stood six feet apart and all wore masks. An earlier protest had seen the protesters drive to Jerusalem to protest anti-democratic measures.[19] Other demonstrations have been seen in the ultra-Orthodox Jerusalem neighborhood of Mea Shearim with men and youths throwing rocks at police before being arrested.[20]

Protests against the lockdown have been coupled with the ongoing protests against the current government and the female based violence within the country.[21][22]

Many protesters argued for monetary relief from the countries slumping economy after weeks of the lockdown.[22] At least one demonstrator died after soldiers used tear gas, batons, and live bullets to disperse a protesters in Tripoli who were throwing molotov cocktails.[23] Protesters also congregated in Beirut outside the central bank and threw rocks at the building, and took over major roads as they claimed there wasn't enough done to protect the economy and those that would suffer the most economically.[24]

Spontaneous demonstrations were held on April 1, 2020, by a Quezon City urban poor community to protest lack of food and other assistance during the metropolitan-wide COVID-19 lockdown.[25] Police violently dispersed protesters and arrested 21 people.[26] The city mayor and a Congress representative appealed to police to release those arrested.[26]

Jeepney drivers rendered jobless by the COVID-19 emergency protested in Caloocan City on 3 June 2020. Six protesters were arrested and jailed for a few days to one week.[27]

Several groups held protests nationwide to coincide with the commemoration of Philippine Independence on 12 June 2020.[28] Among these was the "Grand Mañanita" protest at the University of the Philippines in Quezon City. The Grand Mañanita protested the government's response to the COVID-19 crisis and Congress' passage of a controversial anti-terror bill.[29]

The Paris suburb has seen riots since an 18 April incident in which a motorcyclist crashed into an open unmarked police vehicle, which have grown from heavy-handed policing but have grown to include issues about lockdown policies. Many have reported that in poorer neighborhoods the policies are difficult to follow due to over crowding and cause the neighborhoods to be impacted more than wealthier Parisians. The demonstrations have since been seen in the suburb Hauts-de-Seine, and other French cities Toulouse, Lyon and Strasbourg.[30]

Protest in Kreuzberg, on 1 May 2020

Around 1,000 people gathered in Berlin near the Volksbühne theater, and hundreds of others protested in Stuttgart on 26 April, for the fourth consecutive Saturday of protests. They were protesting against government lockdown measures and handed out newspapers questioning the need for the lockdown and claiming the pandemic was an attempt to seize power through fear.[31] More than 100 anti-lockdown protesters were arrested in central Berlin on 26 April.[32]

Catholic clergy in Italy took to posting video messages in response to the lockdown policies and the re-opening policies that have been slowly introduced in Italy as the pandemic infection rates have decreased. Giovanni D'Ercole, bishop of Ascoli Piceno in the Marche region, claimed in a video that the inability for religious institutions to hold services outside of funerals was like a dictatorship.[33]

Hundreds of protesters gathered in the Polish border town of Zgorzelec to protest the lockdown regulations, the protest was staged specifically on the foot bridge connecting Zgorzelec and the German town of Gorlitz as many lived in Poland but worked in Germany. Many protested the inability to cross the borders of the countries as they lived in a different country from where they worked, and similar protests were seen in border towns along the Polish-German border and the Polish-Czech border.[34]

Security forces broke up a crowd of about 2,000 individuals protesting against the lockdown in Vladikavkaz, with some detained and the believed organizer arrested prior to the event.[35] Some protesters at the event used their social media to post videos about their demands against the lockdown, with one stating; "Today, under the pretext of the coronavirus, which doesn't exist, people are driven into slavery, they are trying to establish total control over all us all."[36]

Thousands of people, mostly supporters of the far-right party Vox, attended protests in Madrid and the country's regional capitals over the lockdown and its impact on the Spanish economy. The protestors drove in convoys to adhere to social distancing, with the Madrid protest lead by a bus containing Vox leader Santiago Abascal. Abascal called for the current government to resign over its handling of the virus.[37]

Protests against the UK's COVID-19 lockdown were held across the country, in cities such as Manchester, Leicester and Southampton were circulated online, produced by the UK Freedom Movement, an online group.[38] Former Britain First leader Jayda Fransen had been associated with the apparent anti-lockdown movement.[39] But Fransen has denied any involvement.[40]

Two anti-lockdown protesters had a stand-off with police on roof of Shrewsbury College in late April, they were then arrested.[41] A group of around 20 people, which included some young children, held a peaceful protest and defied social-distancing rules outside New Scotland Yard on 2 May.[42] Another protest was held by a group of between 40 and 50 people on Lambeth Walk, near Westminster Bridge on 9th May. A number of people were arrested and fixed penalty notices were issued by the police.[43]

In mid May, the first major protest was held, when a large number of anti-lockdown and anti-vax protesters defied social-distancing rules at Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park, including Piers Corbyn—the brother of former Labour Leader Jeremy Corbyn—who was arrested.[44] Corbyn had been at previous protests in Glastonbury.[45] There were further smaller protests on the same day in Manchester, Cardiff, Glasgow and Belfast and other cities across the country.[46]

A small anti-lockdown protest took place along Hove seafront on 18 May.[47] A protest the next day was held at Hampstead Heath, who demanded the reopening of its ponds as council had refused to re-open them.[48] This was followed by another protest on the May 23 that was held on Clapham Common, with around 20 protesters calling for the lockdown to come to end and for children to only return to school if there's "no social distancing".[49]

A large anti-lockdown protest was held at Hyde Park,[50] that was called the 'Freedom Festival' demonstration on 30 May.[51] Demonstrators had chanted "shame on you" towards the police as they made arrests and compared them to the Gestapo.[52]

Anti-lockdown protest in Vancouver, British Columbia, on 26 April 2020

In Canada, American imitation protests began on 19 April in Vancouver.[53][54] Protests also occurred in Toronto, Edmonton, and Ottawa.[55][56]

On 21 April it was reported that prisoners at the Saskatchewan Penitentiary had been protesting against restrictions placed upon them in response to COVID-19.[57]

On 29 April, police in Yajalón, Chiapas, southern Mexico, opened fire on people who were protesting against a checkpoint that left their community isolated. Residents of neighboring Tumbalá complained that the checkpoint made it impossible for them to access governmental and banking services and that it seemed to be related to a belief that Tumbalá had a high rate of coronavirus infection. Checkpoints have been installed in about 20% of Mexico's municipalities, which the federal government has declared illegal.[58]

Hundreds of Mexicans participated in caravans on 30 May demanding the resignation of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador because of his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico and the economy. The caravans, which took place in about a dozen cities across the country, consisted largely of luxury cars.[59]

Violence broke out on 4 June during demonstrations in Guadalajara, Jalisco to demand justice after the death of Giovanni López in the town of Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos.[60] López, a 30-year-old mason, had been arrested on 4 May for not wearing a facemask during a lockdown and died the next day while in police custody.[61]

United States national response began in early January, originating with actions by the CDC and the White House. The first US case of COVID-19 was recorded on January 19, 2020. In the United States the response was determined by state and local officials in coordination with the CDC and federal officials. On Febuary 9, Governors were briefed by the White House Coronvirus Task Force.[62] Beginning in mid-March various social distancing measures to limit spread of the virus were undertaken by state governors and in some cases counties or cities.[63] Actions taken included Stay-at-home orders ("quarantine"), school and business closures, and limitation on the size of gatherings. March 19, 2020, President Donald Trump, and Vice President Mike Pence met (via teleconference) with govenors of most states to continue coordination and to assist states with their responses. FEMA was brought into the effort around this time.[64] By 7 April, 42 states had lockdown orders orders in place.[65] The shutdowns had serious economic effects, including a steep rise in unemployment due to the shutdown of stores and workplaces.[66] By 15 April protests and demonstrations had broken out in some states, demanding that the area be "re-opened" for normal business and personal activity. By 1 May there had been demonstrations in more than half of the states, and many governors began to take steps to lift the restrictions.[67]

Several hundred anti-lockdown protesters rallied at the Ohio Statehouse on April 20.[68]

One of the first protests was in Michigan on 15 April 2020, organized by conservative groups which also encouraged groups in other states to copy their wording and templates. Protesters in numerous other states said they were inspired by Michigan, and they used Michigan's material on their own websites, Facebook groups, and Reddit pages to promote their protests.[69] Subsequent protests were organized by Republican activists or party organizations,[70][71][72] Tea Party activists,[73] armed militia movement supporters,[74] guns-rights activists,[75] and "anti-vaccination" advocates.[76][77]

Protesters, many without face masks, opposed the shelter-in-place orders in their states for various reasons. Many said they want businesses reopened so they can go back to work. Many others displayed pro-Trump banners, signs, and MAGA hats.[78] Still others insisted the lockdowns were a violation of their constitutional rights. One militia leader told a reporter, "Re-open my state or we will re-open it ourselves."[79] Articles published by two liberal publications, An Opinion article in The New York Times and an article in the Washington Post claim that the anger driving the protests was called "both real and manufactured", blaming conservative groups for engaging in Astroturfing via centralized organization backed by anonymous donors. Both articles are unavailable to view in private mode, Advertising must be allowed/enabled to view them.[80][81]

President Trump originally issued guidelines for how to phase out restrictions, saying that governors would decide how to reopen their own states and suggesting a cautious three-phase approach.[82] However, the next day he reacted to the protests against social restrictions by encouraging the protests.[83][84][85][86] Governor Jay Inslee (D-WA) accused the president of "fomenting domestic rebellion" and said the president's call to ignore his own team's guidelines was "schizophrenic".[87][88]

Facebook announced that it would block events and messages from anti-quarantine protest groups "when gatherings do not follow the health parameters established by the government and are therefore unlawful".[89]

In California, Libertarian Party chapters in Santa Clara and San Francisco counties condemned lockdown measures in the state with a resolution stating in part that, "these government impositions have already lasted for longer than could be justified by the purpose for which they were allegedly necessary, constituting a sort of "mission creep" that could potentially keep them in place with no definite end, and with economic and social damage continuing to accumulate and becoming more severe."[90]

Cell phone data from digital-contact tracing software, captured from opt-in cellphone apps and the Firm VoteMap, then provided to The Guardian (publication) by progressive campaign group the Committee to Protect Medicare, suggests that cell phones present at anti-lockdown protests in Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Michigan and North Carolina traveled long distances after leaving the protests. Dr. Rob Davidson, executive director of the Committee to Protect Medicare, said that although “it’s hard to draw a straight line between devices, individuals at these protests, and cases”, the data suggests that the protests may be epidemiologically significant events." and that "The behavior we’re seeing at protests carries a high risk of infection." [91]

On Anzac Day (26 April) Australia's first anti-lockdown protests mimicking the ones in the US and Germany occurred in the rural town of Trafalgar, Victoria.[92][93]

On Mother's Day (9 May) around 100 to 300 protesters picketed against the lockdown and vaccinations outside Victoria's Parliament House in Melbourne. Protesters defied social-distancing restrictions and violent scenes ensued.[94][95]

On 18 March, Brazilians in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro protested Jair Bolsonaro's handling of the pandemic by banging pots and pans on their balconies and shouting "Bolsonaro out!"[96]

On 19 April, Brazil's Armed Forces Day, Bolsonaro gathered with about 600 protesters in front of the Army's headquarters in Brasilia to demand a "military intervention" into the handling of the coronavirus situation. Smaller protests calling for governors to resign occurred the previous day in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Brasilia.[97]

On 18 March, riots took place at the communes of El Bosque, La Pintana, and other communes in the Santiago Metropolitan Region.[98] Rioters are denouncing the hunger resulting from the partial and total lockdowns in the region. They claim that the lockdowns have left them without work and means of sustenance.