COVID-19 pandemic in Africa

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Africa on 14 February, 2020. The first confirmed case was in Egypt,[3][4] and the first confirmed case in sub-Saharan Africa was in Nigeria.[5] Most of the identified imported cases have arrived from Europe and the United States rather than from China where the virus originated.[6] It is believed that there is widespread under-reporting in many African countries with less developed healthcare systems.[7]

COVID-19 pandemic in Africa
Map of the 2019-20 COVID-19 pandemic in Africa as of 23 June 2020
  100,000+ Confirmed cases
  10,000–99,999 Confirmed cases
  1,000–9,999 Confirmed cases
  100–999 Confirmed cases
  10–99 Confirmed cases
  1–9 Confirmed cases
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationAfrica
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseCairo, Egypt
Arrival date14 February 2020
(4 months, 2 weeks and 2 days ago)
Confirmed cases393,232 [1]
Active cases183,301 [1]
Recovered177,880[1][2]
Deaths
9,880 [1]
Territories
54[1][2]
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Experts have worried about COVID-19 spreading to Africa, because many of the healthcare systems on the continent are inadequate, having problems such as lack of equipment, lack of funding, insufficient training of healthcare workers, and inefficient data transmission. It was feared that the pandemic could be difficult to keep under control in Africa, and could cause huge economic problems if it spread widely.[8][6] As of April 18, 2020, the supply of ventilators is low in much of Africa: 41 countries have only 2,000 ventilators between them, and ten countries have no ventilators at all. Even basic supplies like soap and water are subject to shortages in parts of the continent.[9]

Matshidiso Moeti of the World Health Organization said that hand washing and physical distancing could be challenging in some places in Africa. Lockdown may not be possible, and challenges may be exacerbated by the prevalence of diseases such as malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, and cholera.[8] Advisers say that a strategy based on testing could allow African countries to minimise lockdown that inflict enormous hardship on those who depend on income earned per day to be able to feed themselves and their families. Even in the best scenario, the United Nations says 74 million test kits and 30,000 ventilators will be needed by the continent's 1.3 billion people in 2020.[10] The World Health Organization helped many countries on the continent set up laboratories for COVID-19 testing.[8] Matshidiso Moeti of the WHO said: "We need to test, trace, isolate and treat". [11] Many preventive measures have been implemented in different countries in Africa, including travel restrictions, flight cancellations, event cancellations,[12] school closures, and border closures.[13] Experts say that experience battling Ebola helped some countries prepare for COVID-19.[8][12][14]

On 13 May, 2020, Lesotho became the last African sovereign state to report a case of COVID-19;[15][16] there are no reported cases in British Indian Ocean Territory, French Southern Territories and Saint Helena.

By 26 May, more than half of all African countries were experiencing community transmission, although testing capacity remains limited.[17]

By the second week of June, Africa had surpassed 200,000 cases in total. The number of confirmed new cases is accelerating, with the continent having taken 98 days to record the first 100,000 cases, and 18 days for the second 100,000.

Five countries make up over 70% of the total confirmed cases: South Africa, Algeria, Nigeria, Egypt and Sudan.[18]

Statistics


Total confirmed cases by country

Daily cases for the most infected African countries:

Total confirmed cases since Day 1 of Outbreak


Confirmed cases by country and territory
Summary table of confirmed cases in Africa (as of 29 June 2020)
Country Confirmed cases Active confirmed cases Recoveries Deaths Ref.
South Africa 144,264 71,121 70,614 2,529 [2]
Egypt 66,754 45,931 17,951 2,872 [2]
Nigeria 24,567 14,995 9,007 565 [2]
Ghana 17,351 4,245 12,994 112 [2]
Algeria 13,571 2,995 9,671 905 [2]
Cameroon 12,592 2,179 10,100 313 [2]
Morocco 12,290 3,232 8,833 225 [2]
Sudan 9,257 4,671 4,014 572 [2]
Ivory Coast 9,101 5,227 3,808 66 [2]
Democratic Republic of the Congo 6,939 5,722 1,050 167 [2]
Senegal 6,698 2,249 4,341 108 [2]
Kenya 6,190 4,033 2,013 144 [2]
Ethiopia 5,846 3,313 2,430 103 [2]
Guinea 5,342 1,029 4,282 31 [2]
Gabon 5,209 2,842 2,327 40 [2]
Djibouti 4,656 170 4,433 53 [2]
Mauritania 4,237 2,612 1,497 128 [2]
Central African Republic 3,429 2,685 699 45 [2]
Somalia 2,894 1,917 887 90 [2]
Mayotte 2,560 203 2,325 32 [2]
Mali 2,173 611 1,447 115 [2]
Madagascar 2,138 1,152 966 20 [2]
Equatorial Guinea 2,001 1,454 515 32 [2]
South Sudan 1,989 1,707 246 36 [2]
Guinea-Bissau 1,614 1,275 317 22 [2]
Zambia 1,568 235 1,311 22 [2]
Sierra Leone 1,450 429 961 60 [2]
Benin 1,187 845 323 19 [2]
Tunisia 1,172 93 1,029 50 [2]
Cape Verde 1,165 545 608 12 [2]
Malawi 1,152 879 260 13 [2]
Republic of the Congo 1,087 594 456 37 [2]
Niger 1,074 68 939 67 [2]
Rwanda 1,001 556 443 2 [2]
Burkina Faso 959 76 830 53 [2]
Mozambique 883 648 229 6 [2]
Uganda 870 62 808 0 [2]
Chad 866 12 780 74 [2]
Eswatini 795 404 380 11 [2]
Liberia 770 422 312 36 [2]
Libya 762 545 196 21 [2]
São Tomé and Príncipe 713 481 219 13 [2]
Togo 642 227 401 14 [2]
Zimbabwe 567 419 142 6 [2]
Réunion 522 48 472 2 [2]
Tanzania 509 305 183 21 [2]
Mauritius 341 5 326 10 [2]
Angola 276 172 93 11 [2]
Comoros 272 104 161 7 [2]
Namibia 196 172 24 0 [2]
Eritrea 191 138 53 0 [2]
Botswana 175 149 25 1 [2]
Burundi 170 54 115 1 [2]
Seychelles 77 66 11 0 [2]
Gambia 45 17 26 2 [2]
Lesotho 27 23 4 0 [2]
Western Sahara 10 1 8 1 [2]
Total 370,661 183,301 177,880 9,480

Algeria
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria

The first case in the country was confirmed on 25 February. On the morning of 2 March, Algeria confirmed two new cases of the coronavirus, a woman and her daughter.[19]

On 3 March, Algeria reported another two new cases of the coronavirus. The two new cases were from the same family, a father and daughter, and were living in France.[20]

On 4 March, the Ministry of Health recorded 4 new confirmed cases of the coronavirus, all from the same family, bringing the total number to 12 confirmed cases.[21][20]

According to WHO prediction modelling estimates Algeria faces a relatively high risk for a spread of COVID-19 if containment measures such as contact tracing are not prioritized.[11]

Angola
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Angola

On 21 March, the first two cases in the country were confirmed.[22] Effective 20 March, all Angolan borders have been closed for 15 days.[23]

As of 18 April 2020, there was a total of 19 confirmed cases, 2 deaths and 6 recovered cases. [24]

Benin
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Benin

On 16 March, the first case in the country was confirmed. [25]

As of 18 April 2020, there was a total of 35 confirmed cases, 1 death and 18 recovered cases. [26]

Botswana
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana

On 30 March, the first three cases in Botswana were confirmed.[27]

Burkina Faso
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso

On 9 March, the first two cases in the country were reported in Burkina Faso.[28]

On 13 March, the third case was also confirmed, a person who had had direct contact with the first two cases.[29]

As of March 14, 2020, a total of 7 cases have been confirmed in the country. 5 of the new confirmed cases had had direct contact with the first two cases. 1 is an English national employed at a gold mine in the country who vacationed in Liverpool and came back on March 10, transiting through Vancouver and Paris.[30]

As of 18 April 2020 there was a total of 557 confirmed cases, 35 deaths and 294 recovered cases. [31]

Burundi
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi

On 31 March, the first two cases in the country were confirmed.[32] The President of Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, died during the pandemic; officially he died of a heart attack, but it is speculated that he may have died from COVID-19 with members of his family also reported to have contracted the disease.[33]

Cameroon
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon

On 6 March the first case was confirmed in Cameroon.[34] According to WHO prediction modelling estimates Cameroon faces a relatively high risk for a spread of COVID-19 if containment measures such as contact tracing are not prioritized.[11]

Cape Verde
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde

On 20 March, the first case in the country was confirmed, a 62 year old from the United Kingdom.[35][36]

Central African Republic
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic

On 14 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[37]

Chad
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Chad

On 19 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[38]

Comoros
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros

As a preventative measure, arriving travellers were to be quarantined for 14 days upon arrival. In order to prevent the spread of the virus, the government has cancelled all incoming flights and banned large gatherings.[39] On 15 April 2020, a person arriving in Mayotte from the Comoros tested positive for COVID-19.[40]

On 30 April, the first case was confirmed in the Comoros.[41] On 4 May, the first death was announced.[42] 54 people had been tested, and 53 contacts had been traced.[43]

Democratic Republic of the Congo
The MONUSCO Force Intervention Brigade has taken measures to boost hygiene to help slow the spread of the virus.
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

On 10 March, the first case was reported in the country.[44]

Republic of the Congo
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo

The country's first case was announced on 14 March, a 50-year-old man who had returned to the Republic of the Congo from Paris, France.[45]

Djibouti
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti

On 18 March, the first case in Djibouti was confirmed.[2]

Egypt
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt

Egypt's health ministry announced the first case in the country at Cairo International Airport involving a Chinese national on 14 February.[46][47]

On 6 March, the Egyptian Health Ministry and WHO confirmed 12 new cases of coronavirus infection.[48] The infected persons were among the Egyptian staff aboard the Nile cruise ship MS River Anuket, which was travelling from Aswan to Luxor. On 7 March 2020, health authorities announced that 45 people on board had tested positive, and that the ship had been placed in quarantine at a dock in Luxor.[49]

Equatorial Guinea
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea

On 14 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[50]

Eritrea
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea

On 20 March, the first case in Eritrea was confirmed.[51]

Eswatini
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini

On 14 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[52]

Ethiopia
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia

The country's first case was announced on 13 March, a Japanese man who had arrived in the country on 4 March from Burkina Faso.[53] Three additional cases of the virus were reported on March 15. The three individuals had close contact with the person who was reported to be infected by the virus on 13 March . Since then eight more confirmed cases were reported by the health ministry to the public, bringing the total to twelve. Among the infected individuals an elderly Ethiopian in her eighties has been said to have some escalating symptoms while other eight have been on a recovery route and showing fewer symptoms of the disease. On March 27, another statement was issued by the health minister stating that four additional cases have been identified while one case being in the Adama city of the Oromia regional state and the other three being in Addis Ababa. Moreover, three more cases were confirmed by the Health Minister on March 31, 2020. Similarly, the following day another three cases were added. On the previous press release the government authorities had noted that one case was retested and confirmed negative and two of the confirmed cases have been sent to their country (Japan). In aggregate, twenty-nine cases are confirmed so far as of 1 April 2020. On April 3, 2020 due to further tests made, six additional cases have been discovered moving up the tally to thirty-five. Measures are being taken by the government and the community together strictly to suppress the further spreading of this deadly virus. Among the six cases identified there were individuals with no traveling history recently, that has made it alarming to the public.[2]

On 4 April, three additional cases of the virus were reported. All of the cases were from Addis Ababa. Two of the patients, a 29-year-old and a 34-year-old male Ethiopians, had travel histories to Dubai on different dates. The third case is of a 35-year-old female Ethiopian who had arrived from Sweden on 3 April.[31] On the same date, one additional recovery was reported, increasing the total number of recoveries to 4.[32]

On 5 April, five more positive cases of the virus were reported. Three of them are Ethiopians. The other two are Libyan and Eritrean nationals.[33]. There are 43 total cases as of April 5, 2020. On April 7 more individuals detected and totally 54. Among 200+ tests conducted on April 8, 2020, one additional case has been added to the tally making it 55. With the current situation indicating the spread of the virus Ethiopia has declared a state of emergency.

As of April 17, the total cases reported were 92 of which three patients have died and fifteen have recovered. Ethiopia has tested more than 5,000 citizens since the first case was reported.

Tilahun Woldemichael, a Ethiopian Orthodox monk who is said to be 114 years old, was released from the hospital on 25 June after being treated with oxygen and dexamethasone for coronavirus. Ethiopia has 5,200 confirmed cases.[54]

Territories of France
Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in France § Overseas territories

Mayotte
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte

The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in the French overseas department and region of Mayotte was reported on 13 March 2020.[55] On 31 March the first person died of COVID-19.[56]

Réunion
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the French overseas department and region of Réunion on 11 March 2020.[57]

Gabon
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon

The country's first case was announced on 12 March, a 27 year old Gabonese man who returned to Gabon from France 4 days prior to confirmation of the coronavirus.[58]

The Gambia
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia

The Gambia reported its first case of coronavirus from a 20-year-old woman who returned from the United Kingdom on 17 March.[59]

Ghana
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana

Ghana reported its first two cases on 12 March. The two cases were people who came back to the country from Norway and Turkey, with the contact tracing process beginning.[60][61]

On 11 March, the Minister of Finance, Ken Ofori-Atta, made the cedi equivalent of $100 million available to enhance Ghana's coronavirus preparedness and response plan.

Guinea
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea

On 13 March, Guinea confirmed its first case, an employee of the European Union delegation in Guinea.[62]

A mosque was forcefully opened by faithful in Dubréka in May.[63]

Guinea-Bissau
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau

On 25 March, Guinea-Bissau confirmed its first two COVID-19 cases, a Congolese U.N. employee and an Indian citizen.[64]

Territories of Italy
Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

Lampedusa e Linosa
Main article: COVID-19 in Lampedusa e Linosa

Ivory Coast
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast

On 11 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[65]

Kenya
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya

On 12 March 2020, the first case was confirmed in Kenya by President Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta.[66]

On 13 March, the first case in Kenya was confirmed, a woman who came from the US via London.[67]

On 15 March 2020, further restrictions were ordered, including closing of schools, banning of all social gatherings including religious gatherings, and banning of all flights banned effective 25 March.

Lesotho
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho

On 13 May, the first case in Lesotho was confirmed.[16][68]

Liberia
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia

On 16 March, the first case in Liberia was confirmed.[69][70]

Churches and mosques were allowed to reopen as of May 17.[63]

Libya
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Libya

On 17 March, in order to prevent the spread of the virus, the UN-recognised Government of National Accord closed the country's borders, suspended flights for three weeks and banned foreign nationals from entering the country; schools, cafes, mosques and public gatherings have also been closed.[71]

On 24 March, the first case in Libya was confirmed.[72]

Madagascar
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar

On 20 March, the three first cases were confirmed in Madagascar. All were women.[73] Madagascar had a total 225 confirmed coronavirus cases, 98 recoveries, and no deaths as of 8 May 2020.[74]

Madagascar's plant-based "cure" called COVID-19 Organics is being pushed despite warnings from the World Health Organisation that its efficacy is unproven. Tanzania, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, and Guinea Bissau have all already received thousands of doses of COVID-19 Organics free of charge.[74]

Malawi
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi

On 2 April, the three first cases were confirmed in Malawi.[75]

Mali
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Mali

On 25 March, the two first cases were confirmed in Mali.[76]

Mauritania
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania

On 13 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[77]

By 18 April 2020, there had been 7 confirmed cases in the country, 6 of whom recovered, and one died making Mauritania at the time the only affected country in Africa and in the world to become free of COVID-19.[78]

A further case was confirmed on the 29th of April.[79]

Mauritius
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius

Since the first three cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on 18 March 2020, the Mauritian authorities have been conducting 'Contact tracing': people who have been in contact with infected patients have been placed under quarantine, including doctors, nurses and police officers.[80][81][81][82] No cases have been reported in Rodrigues, Agaléga and St. Brandon.[83][84] On 1 May 2020, the Prime Minister announced that the ongoing COVID-19 curfew will be extended to 1 June 2020 and schools will remain closed till 1 August 2020. As from 15 May 2020, more businesses will be allowed to operate, namely bakeries, hardware stores and fish markets and the opening hours of supermarkets will be extended to 20 00 hrs. Banks will continue to operate under strict hygiene protocol.[85][86][87] On 13 May 2020, the government elaborated strict guidelines and regulations that both commuters and public transport operators will have to adhere to. These guidelines and regulations were in line with Government's strategy to ensure that there is no risk of the propagation of COVID-19 as the country gradually prepares itself to allow certain economic activities to resume as from 15 May 2020.[88][89] On 15 May 2020, Mauritius embarks on the first phase of easing its lockdown protocol.[90]

Morocco
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco

On 2 March, Morocco recorded its first case of COVID-19. It was a Moroccan national residing in Italy who had returned to Morocco.[91]

Mozambique
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique

The country's first case was announced on 22 March, a 75-year-old man who returned from the United Kingdom.[92]

Namibia
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia

On 14 March, the first two cases in the country were confirmed.[93] In a first reaction by government air travel to and from Qatar, Ethiopia and Germany was suspended for 30 days. All public and private schools were closed for a month, and gatherings were restricted to fewer than 50 people. This included celebrations for the 30th anniversary of Namibian independence that took place on 21 March.[94] Libraries, museums, and art galleries were also closed.[95]

On 17 March, President Hage Geingob declared a state of emergency as a legal basis to restrict fundamental rights, e.g. to freely move and assemble, guaranteed by the Constitution.[96]

By 25 March 2020 the total number of cases reached seven, of which one is thought to be a local transmission. A 21-day lockdown of the regions of Erongo and Khomas was announced for 27 March with inter-regional travel forbidden, excluding the commuter towns of Okahandja and Rehoboth. Parliament sessions were suspended for the same period, and bars and markets were closed.[97] On 14 April this lockdown was extended for another 2 weeks ending 4 May, now encompassing all regions, although the stay-at-home order was already enforced countrywide.[98]

After 5 April 2020, when 16 cases were identified, no new infections occurred until the end of April. Government subsequently eased the restrictions as from 5 May.[99]

Niger
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Niger

Niger confirmed its first case on 19 March 2020.[100]

Nigeria
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria

On 27 February, Nigeria confirmed its first case, the first case of coronavirus in sub-Saharan Africa.[101][102] An Italian citizen who works in Nigeria had returned on 25 February from Milan, Italy through the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, fell ill on 26 February and was transferred to Lagos State Biosecurity Facilities for isolation and testing.[103][104][105] The test was confirmed positive by the Virology Laboratory of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, part of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control.[106] He was transferred to the Infectious Disease Hospital in Yaba, Lagos.[105] On 28 February, the Lagos State Commissioner for Health announced that the Italian man had travelled on Turkish Airlines with a brief transit at Istanbul.[107] As of 6 March, a total of 219 primary and secondary contacts of the index case had been identified and were being actively monitored.[108]

Lock-down measures

The Federal government of Nigeria has instructed institutions to shut down for 30 days as a lockdown measure to limit the spread of COVID-19. It has also banned public gatherings. The state government of Lagos has asked schools to close and banned public gatherings of more than 50 people, particularly religious gatherings[109][110] There was no order from government to shutdown markets and club halls.

Several schools in Nigeria have shut down, following the directives of the federal government at Abuja. This led the Management of one of the most populated schools in Nigeria, the Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri to declare an emergency holidays a precaution against COVID-19, stating that the emergency holiday will last for 30 days. The institution had already fixed the dates for the 2019/2020 academic year examinations.[111]

There is widespread tension and anxiety in cities across Nigeria as students return to their various homes for fear of contracting COVID-19.

High-profile individuals with COVID-19

Reports have shown that some high-profile individuals in Nigeria have tested positive for coronavirus. The Nigeria's high profiled persons that have tested positive for COVID-19 are: Buhari's chief of staff, Abba Kyari,[112][113] Bauchi State governor, Bala Muhammed.[114]

As Muhammadu Buhari's closest staff, Nigerians suspected that the president would have the virus as his chief of staff tested positive. Meanwhile, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) reported that president Buhari tested negative after the test was carried out on him.[115]

In Nigeria, there are fears everywhere that the chief of staff, Abba Kyari who has tested positive for the coronavirus may have transmitted it to more people including governor Yahaya Bello of Kogi, minister of information, Lai Mohammed, special assistant to the president on media, Garba Shehu; minister of special duties, George Akume; minister of state for FCT, Ramatu Tijani; Geoffrey Onyeama, and other dignitaries and visitors at the prayers held on March 17, 2020, for the deceased mother of the Kogi State governor.[113]

The governor of Kogi State, Yahaya Bello was tested positive for coronavirus. Others from the list who met with Abba Kyari are still under examination to be ascertained if they are negative or positive to the virus.[116]

Territories of Portugal
Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal

Madeira
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Madeira

Rwanda
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda

On 14 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[117]

In an interview with the Financial Times on 20 April, President Paul Kagame said he believes it will cost $100 billion (₤80 billion) and an entire generation for Africa to recuperate from the pandemic.[118]

São Tomé and Príncipe
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe

On 6 April, the first four cases in the country were confirmed. The first death was recorded on 30 April.[119]

Senegal
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal

On 2 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[120]

Mosques are allowed to reopen for Ramadan despite 2,000 confirmed cases of the virus.[63]

Seychelles
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles

Seychelles reported its first two cases on 14 March. The two cases were people who were in contact with someone in Italy who tested positive.[121]

Sierra Leone
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone

On 16 March, the government banned public officials from travelling abroad, and urged citizens to avoid foreign travel.[122][123] Quarantine measures were put in place for all visitors arriving from countries with more than 50 cases.[122] Public gatherings of more than 100 people were also banned.[122] On 24 March, President Julius Maada Bio announced a year-long 'state of emergency' in order to deal with a potential outbreak.[124]

The president of Sierra Leone confirmed the country's first case of coronavirus on 31 March, a person who traveled from France on 16 March and had been in isolation since.[125]

Somalia
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia

On 16 March, the first case in Somalia was confirmed.[70] Somalia's Health Ministry reported that this was a Somali citizen returning home from China.[126]

Somaliland
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland

On 31 March, the first two cases in Somaliland were confirmed. The two cases were a Somaliland citizen and a Chinese national.[127]

South Africa
Confirmed COVID-19 deaths in South Africa.
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa

On 5 March 2020 the first confirmed case was announced, a South African returning from Italy[128] On 15 March, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national state of disaster[70] and a national lockdown started on 26 March.[129] From 1 May, a gradual and phased easing of the lockdown restrictions started, lowering the national alert level to 4,[130] to be lowered to level 3 from 1 June.[131]

According to WHO prediction modelling estimates South Africa faces a relatively high risk for a spread of COVID-19 if containment measures, including contact tracing, are not prioritized.[11] The country is projected to have 40000 to 48000 COVID-19 deaths by November 2020.[132]

South Sudan
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan

On 5 April, the first case was confirmed.[133]

Two cases COVID-19 were confirmed on 13 May in a crowded civilian protection camp in Juba. The camp houses 30,000 people.[134]

Territories of Spain
Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

Canary Islands
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the Canary Islands on 31 January 2020.[135][136]

Ceuta
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached in Ceuta on 13 March 2020.[137]

Melilla
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached in Melilla on 10 March 2020.[137]

Sudan
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan

The country's first case was announced on 13 March, a man who had died in Khartoum the previous day. He had visited the United Arab Emirates in the first week of March.[138]

By 29 May, a surge of reported deaths in North Darfur raised fears of a serious outbreak in the region, although testing remains poor.[139]

Tanzania
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania

On 16 March, the first case was confirmed.[70] Tanzanian authorities stopped reporting case numbers in May.[140][141]

Togo
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Togo

On 6 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[142]

Tunisia
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia

On 2 March, the first case in the country was confirmed.[143][144]

Uganda
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda

On 20 March, the first case in Uganda was confirmed.[51][145]

Western Sahara
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara

On 4 April, the first four cases in Moroccan-controlled part of Western Sahara were confirmed.[146] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic remains free of coronavirus.

Zambia
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia

Zambia reported its first 2 cases of COVID-19 on 18 March. The patients were a couple that had travelled to France on holiday.[147] A third case was recorded on 22 March. The patient was a man who had travelled to Pakistan.[148]

On March 25, President Edgar Lungu confirmed a total of 12 cases. He also announced measures which includes suspension of international flights Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe, Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula and Mfuwe International Airports and re-routing of all international flights to Kenneth Kaunda International Airport to facilitate screening of incoming passengers and mandatory quarantine where necessary, closure of all bars, nightclubs, casinos, cinemas and gyms and restriction of all public gatherings to 50 people or less.[149]

By 17 March, the government had shut all educational institutions and put in place some restrictions on foreign travel.[150]

Zimbabwe
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe

Before there were any confirmed cases in the country, President Emmerson Mnangagwa had declared a national emergency, putting in place travel restrictions and banning large gatherings.[151][152] The country's defence minister Oppah Muchinguri caused controversy by stating the coronavirus could be a divine punishment on Western nations for imposing sanctions on Zimbabwe.[153]

Its first case was reported on 21 March: it was a male resident of Victoria Falls who travelled from the United Kingdom via South Africa on 15 March.[154]

Suspected cases

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

On 16 March three people who arrived by air to Ascension Island showed symptoms of COVID-19.[155] However, on 23 March it was announced that they had tested negative on 22 March [156]

On 17 March all travel by air to the Saint Helena island was banned, except for island citizens or residents and similar cases.[157] There were no known cases on Saint Helena at this time.[158]

On 16 March as a precaution the Tristan da Cunha Island Council on Tristan da Cunha made the decision to ban visitors to the island to prevent the potential transmission of the disease to islanders.[159]

Prevention in other territories

British Indian Ocean Territory

As of 5 May there have been no cases in the British territory. Access to the islands, already heavily restricted due to the presence of a military base on Diego Garcia, have been further curtailed, with licenses for visiting vessels suspended.[160]

All people arriving into the territory are subject to a 14-day quarantine; social distancing measures have also been enacted.[161]

See also

Notes

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