U+8089, 肉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8089

[U+8088]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+808A]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • U+2EBC (when used as a left Chinese radical in compositions)

The left component form ⺼looks very similar to ⺝, the left radical form of (moon), and is often drawn identically in compounds, though they are etymologically distinct, and careful usage distinguishes the cross strokes, with ⺼ written with unattached diagonal strokes. This is particularly an issue in looking up characters by radical; compare 月 index and 肉 index.

The radical form ⺼ may also appear twisted to a diagonal, resembling with an added line, as in , , and .

Han character

(radical 130, 肉+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人月人 (OBO), four-corner 40227, composition)

  1. Kangxi radical #130, .

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/肉
  • (top right component)
  • (top left component)

References

  • KangXi: page 973, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29236
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1424, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 2931, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8089

Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms
 

𥤬
𠕜
𡧢
𠕎
𮌇

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*nuɡ
*njuɡ

Pictogram (象形) – ribs of an animal’s torso.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-k (meat, flesh).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • rou4 - literary;
  • ru2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • jio̍k, lio̍k - literary;
  • he̍k, hia̍k - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐou⁵¹/
Harbin /ʐou⁵³/
Tianjin /iou⁵³/
/ʐou⁵³/
Jinan /ʐou²¹/
Qingdao /iou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐou³¹²/
Xi'an /ʐou⁴⁴/
Xining /ʐɯ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʐəu¹³/
Lanzhou /ʐou¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤu²¹³/
Wuhan /nəu²¹³/
Chengdu /zu³¹/
/zəu¹³/
Guiyang /zu²¹/
Kunming /ʐəu²¹²/
/ʐu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐəɯ⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐɯ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /zəu⁴⁵/ 豬~
/zuəʔ²/ ~桂
Pingyao /ʐəu³⁵/
Hohhot /ʐəu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵioʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵioʔ³/
Hangzhou /zoʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵɤu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /niu²²/
Tunxi /ȵiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʐəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /iəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiuk̚¹/
Taoyuan /ŋiuk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
Nanning /juk̚²²/
Hong Kong /juk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liɔk̚⁵/
/hik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /nyʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ny⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /nek̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hiɔk̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑiuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵuwk̚/
Li
Rong
/ȵiuk̚/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ròu
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyuwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*k.nuk/
English meat, flesh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10866
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*njuɡ/

Definitions

  1. meat; flesh
    /    zhūròu   pork
       niúròu   beef
    從不 / 从不   Wǒ cóngbù chī ròu.   I never eat meat.
  2. (specifically) pork
    三鮮餃子 / 三鲜饺子   ròusānxiān de jiǎozi   (please add an English translation of this example)
    蒜薹   suàntái chǎo ròu   (please add an English translation of this example)
  3. body
    /    ròu   physical body
  4. flesh; pulp
  5. (dialectal) spongy; squashy; flabby
  6. (dialectal) slow; sluggish

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
variant forms

Unclear. Reminiscent of (OC *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs, “dorsal meat”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, it may be of substrate origin. Compare (Deng, 1994):

Pronunciation


Note: chiefly overseas.

Definitions

(Min Nan)
  1. meat; flesh
    / [Min Nan]   ti-bah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   pork
    [Min Nan]   gû-bah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   beef
  2. pork
    [Min Nan]   bah-kut [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   pork ribs
  3. flesh; pulp
    龍眼乾 / 龙眼干 [Min Nan]   lêng-géng-koaⁿ bah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   flesh of dried longan
  4. main part of an object
    [Min Nan]   to-bah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   blade of a knife or sword
References

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. flesh, meat

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
しし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Not used in isolation in modern Japanese. Persists in compounds.

Cognate with (shishi, beast, especially one used for meat).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana しし, rōmaji shishi)

  1. (obsolete) meat
  2. (obsolete) flesh, as of one's body
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 16, poem 3885); text here:
      者 御奈麻須波夜志
      我がは み膾はやし
      わ が しし は みなます はやし
      wa ga shishi wa mi-namasu hayashi
      use my flesh for your side-dish
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
にく
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (*njiuk). Compare modern Min Nan (jiok8) or Hakka (ngiuk7).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana にく, rōmaji niku)

  1. meat, the muscle and fat tissue of an animal used as food
  2. the flesh of an animal
  3. the flesh of a fruit or vegetable
  4. one's body, as opposed to spirit
  5. the thickness of a thing
     (いた) (にく)
    ita no niku
    the thickness of a board
  6. (figuratively) the flesh or meat of something, such as an idea, structure, or argument
     () (ろん) (にく)をつける
    giron ni niku o tsukeru
    to put some meat on an argument, to flesh out an argument
  7. an ink pad, a stamp pad
  8. (theater, kabuki) short for 肉襦袢 (niku juban): flesh-toned undergarments worn by actors and shown when the character has to display their skin
Synonyms
  • (fruit or vegetable flesh):  () (mi)
  • (body): 肉体 (にくたい) (nikutai)
  • (thickness):  (あつ) (atsusa),  (ふと) (futosa)
  • (ink pad): 印肉 (いんにく) (inniku)
Derived terms

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(yuk, yu) (hangeul , )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(nhục)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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