日
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
日 (radical 72, 日+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 日 (A), four-corner 60100, composition ⿴囗一)
- Kangxi radical #72, ⽇.
Derived characters
- Index:Chinese radical/日
Descendants
See also
- Not to be confused with 曰, which is generally wider and shorter
References
- KangXi: page 489, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13733
- Dae Jaweon: page 848, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1482, character 1
- Unihan data for U+65E5
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 日 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (日) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 涅 | *niːɡ |
| 捏 | *niːɡ |
| 篞 | *niːɡ |
| 衵 | *niɡ, *njiɡ |
| 日 | *njiɡ |
| 馹 | *njiɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – the Sun. A dot or line was added in the centre to distinguish it from visually similar characters, e.g. 囗 (early form of 丁). Compare earlier forms of the character with the astronomical and astrological symbol for the Sun (☉).
Etymology
| simp. and trad. |
日 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | ||
- “Sun; day; etc.”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nəj.
- “to fuck”
- Essentially a substitute character for 入 (MC ȵiɪp̚, “to enter”), that preserves the expected modern pronunciation of 入; see the etymology there for more.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
日
- (astronomy) Sun
- daytime; time between sunrise and sunset
- day; twenty-four hours
- everyday; daily; day-to-day
- day of the month
- some day; some other time
- former times; previous times; the past
- time; period; age
- Classifier for days.
- Short for 日本 (Rìběn, “Japan; Japanese; Nippo-”):
- (Beijing, Jiaoliao Mandarin, Southwestern Mandarin, Central Plains Mandarin, Jianghuai Mandarin, Lanyin Mandarin, dialectal Jin, dialectal Wu, dialectal Xiang, vulgar, often in abuses) to fuck; to have sexual intercourse with
- 朱山也不敢踢我，甚至罵我說，日你媽，我的豆腐你也敢吃。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2014, 余显斌, 我真的很牛皮, in 《满族文学》, issue 6
- Zhū Shān yě bùgǎn tī wǒ, shènzhì mà wǒ shuō, rì nǐ mā, wǒ de dòufu nǐ yě gǎn chī. [Pinyin]
- Zhu Shan would no longer dare kick me, or insult me, and say "fuck you, how dare you flirt with my woman!"
朱山也不敢踢我，甚至骂我说，日你妈，我的豆腐你也敢吃。 [MSC, simp.]
- † Alternative form of 二 (èr, “two”).
- † Short for 日斯巴尼亞／日斯巴尼亚 (Rìsībāníyà, “Spain”).
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 天 (“day (24 hours)”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 日 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 日 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 天 |
| Taiwan | 天 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 日 |
| Hong Kong | 日 | |
| Taishan | 日 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 日 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 日 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 日 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 日 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 日 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 日 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 日 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 日 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 日 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 天 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 日, 工 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 日 |
| Quanzhou | 日 | |
| Zhangzhou | 日 | |
| Taipei | 工, 日 | |
| Kaohsiung | 工, 日 | |
| Tainan | 工, 日 | |
| Taichung | 日, 工 | |
| Hsinchu | 日, 工 | |
| Lukang | 工, 日 | |
| Sanxia | 工, 日 | |
| Yilan | 工, 日 | |
| Kinmen | 工 | |
| Magong | 工 | |
| Penang | 日 | |
| Chaozhou | 日 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 日, 天 |
| Wenzhou | 日 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 天 |
Antonyms
- 夜 (yè, “night”)
Compounds
Derived terms
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|
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
日
Further reading
- “Entry #810”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
- 日日, 日々 (nichinichi)
- 日課 (nikka)
- 日月 (nichigatsu)
- 日記 (nikki), 日記 (niki)
- 日脚 (nikkyaku)
- 日給 (nikkyū)
- 日銀 (Nichigin)
- 日月 (nichigetsu)
- 日限 (nichigen)
- 日光 (nikkō)
- 日時 (nichiji)
- 日州 (Nisshū)
- 日照 (nisshō)
- 日進 (nisshin)
- 日進月歩 (nisshingeppo)
- 日常 (nichijō)
- 日食 (nisshoku)
- 日中 (nitchū)
- 日程 (nittei)
- 日南 (Nichinan)
- 日暮 (nichibo)
- 日豊 (Nippō)
- 日没 (nichibotsu)
- 日本 (Nihon), 日本 (Nippon)
- 日没 (nichimotsu)
- 日夜 (nichiya)
- 日用 (nichiyō)
- 日曜 (nichiyō)
- 日輪 (nichirin)
- 日蓮 (Nichiren)
- 日月 (jitsugetsu)
- 日時 (jitsuji)
- 日暮 (jitsubo)
- 一日 (ichijitsu)
- 縁日 (ennichi)
- 隔日 (kakujitsu), 隔日 (kakunichi)
- 元日 (gannichi), 元日 (ganjitsu)
- 期日 (kijitsu), 期日 (kinichi)
- 吉日 (kichijitsu), 吉日 (kichinichi), 吉日 (kitsujitsu)
- 休日 (kyūjitsu)
- 旭日 (kyokujitsu)
- 好日 (kōjitsu)
- 期日 (gojitsu)
- 今日 (konnichi), 今日 (konjitsu)
- 昨日 (sakujitsu)
- 終日 (shūjitsu)
- 春日 (shunjitsu)
- 人日 (jinjitsu)
- 尽日 (jinjitsu)
- 数日 (sūjitsu), 数日 (sujitsu)
- 昔日 (sekijitsu)
- 先日 (senjitsu)
- 他日 (tajitsu)
- 中日 (chūnichi)
- 朝日 (chōjitsu)
- 天日 (tenjitsu)
- 半日 (hannichi), 半日 (hanjitsu)
- 毎日 (mainichi), 毎日 (maijitsu)
- 明後日 (myōgonichi)
- 明日 (myōnichi)
- 命日 (meinichi)
- 落日 (rakujitsu)
- 連日 (renjitsu)
- 明後日 (asatte), 明後日 (asate)
- 明日 (ashita), 明日 (asu)
- 春日 (Kasuga)
- 昨日 (kiso)
- 一昨昨日 (saki-ototsui), 一昨昨日 (saki-ototoi)
- 明明後日 (shiasatte)
- 一日, 朔日 (tsuitachi)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 日 |
| にち Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
/nʲiti/ → /nit͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 日 (MC ȵiɪt̚).
Pronunciation
Counter
日 (hiragana にち, rōmaji -nichi)
Derived terms
- 幾日 (ikunichi)
| Japanese number-counter combinations for 日 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1(st) | 2(nd) | 3(rd) | 4(th) | 5(th) | 6(th) | 7(th) | 8(th) | 9(th) | 10(th) | |
| How many? | 一日 (ichinichi) | 二日 (futsuka) | 三日 (mikka) | 四日 (yokka) | 五日 (itsuka) | 六日 (muika) | 七日 (nanoka) | 八日 (yōka) | 九日 (kokonoka) | 十日 (tōka) |
| What day? | 一日 (tsuitachi) 一日 (ippi) | |||||||||
| 20(th) | 30(th) | 40(th) | 50(th) | 100(th) | 1,000(th) | 10,000(th) | ? | |||
| How many? | 二十日 (hatsuka) | 三十日 (misoka) | 四十日 (shijūnichi) 四十日 (yosoka) |
五十日 (gojūnichi) 五十日 (ika) |
百日 (hyakunichi) 百日 (momoka) |
千日 (sennichi) | 一万日 (ichimannichi) | 何日 (nannichi) | ||
| What day? | ||||||||||
Proper noun
日 (hiragana にち, rōmaji Nichi)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 日 |
| ひ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨pi1⟩ → */pʲi/ → /fi/ → /hi/
From Old Japanese.
Appears to be distinct from 火 (/pi2/ → hi, “fire”). See Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai for details on Old Japanese readings.
Alternative forms
- (sun, daytime, sunlight): 陽
Noun
- the sun
- daytime
- Synonym: 昼間 (hiruma)
- sunlight, sunshine
- a (24-hour) day
- Synonym: 一昼夜 (itchūya)
- number of days
- an appointed or fixed date
- Synonyms: 日限 (nichigen), 日時 (nichiji)
- a daily (something done everyday)
- weather
- a (usually unfortunate) case, event, situation
- an age, era or time in the past; the times
- an auspicious or inauspicious aspect of a given day
- Synonym: 日柄 (higara)
- a type of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a design of the sun
- appellation of reverence to the imperial family, thought to be descendants of the sun goddess Amaterasu
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 日日, 日々 (hibi)
- 日日 (hinichi)
- 日脚, 日足 (hiashi)
- 日帰り (higaeri)
- 日陰 (hikage)
- 日影 (hikage)
- 日傘 (higasa)
- 東 (higashi)
- 日柄 (higara)
- 光る (hikaru)
- 日暮れ (higure)
- 彦 (hiko)
- 日頃 (higoro)
- 終日 (hisugara)
- 日月 (hitsuki)
- 日付, 日附 (hizuke)
- 日時計 (hidokei)
- 日中 (hinaka)
- 日向 (hinata)
- 日並ぶ (hinarabu)
- 終日 (hinemosu)
- 日の御門 (hi no mikado)
- 日の御子 (hi no miko)
- 向日葵 (himawari)
- 日向 (Himuka), 日向 (Hyūga)
- 姫 (hime)
- 日読み (hiyomi)
- 日和 (hiyori)
- 昼 (hiru)
- 朝日 (asahi)
- 一日 (ippi)
- 一昨日 (ototsui), 一昨日 (ototoi)
- 月日 (gappi)
- 火曜日 (kayōbi)
- 金曜日 (kin'yōbi)
- 月曜日 (getsuyōbi)
- 五十日 (gotōbi)
- 水曜日 (suiyōbi)
- 誕生日 (tanjōbi)
- 丁日 (chōbi)
- 月日 (tsukihi)
- 天日 (tenpi)
- 土曜日 (doyōbi)
- 中日 (nakabi)
- 西日 (nishibi)
- 日曜日 (nichiyōbi)
- 春日 (haruhi), 春日 (harubi)
- 半日 (hanbi)
- 一日 (hitohi)
- 木曜日 (mokuyōbi)
- 厄日 (yakubi)
- 曜日 (yōbi)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 日 |
| ふ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/pu/ → /fu/
From Old Japanese.
Apophonic form of hi, ancient pi (see above), found in compounds.
Derived terms
Etymology 5
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 日 |
| け Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨ke2⟩ → */kəj/ → /ke/
From Old Japanese.
Apohonic form of ka (see above), possibly by the fusion of ancient nominal particle い (i).
Noun
- (archaic, obsolete) days
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 484), text here
- 一日社人母待吉長氣乎如此耳待者有不得勝 [Man'yōgana]
- 一日こそ人も待ちよき長き日をかくのみ待たばありかつましじ [Modern spelling]
- hitohi koso hito mo machiyoki nagaki ke o kaku nomi mataba arikatsumashiji
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- Synonym: 日々 (hibi)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 484), text here
Usage notes
Only used in plural contexts, never used to indicate a single day.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 日長し (kenagashi)
- 日並ぶ (kenarabu)
- 日のころごろ (ke no korogoro, “these days”)
- 朝な日に (asa na ke ni), 朝に日に (asa ni ke ni, “in the mornings and during the days → morning, noon and night → always”)
Korean
Compounds
Compounds
- 일간 (日間, ilgan)
- 일계 (日計, ilgye)
- 일공 (日工, ilgong)
- 일광 (日光, ilgwang)
- 일기 (日記, ilgi)
- 일기 (日氣, ilgi)
- 일모 (日暮, ilmo)
- 일몰 (日沒, ilmol)
- 일본 (日本, ilbon)
- 일상 (日常, ilsang)
- 일시 (日時, ilsi)
- 일월 (日月, irwol)
- 일정 (日程, iljeong)
- 일제 (日帝, ilje)
- 일출 (日出, ilchul)
- 일요일 (日曜日, iryoil)
- 월요일 (月曜日, woryoil)
- 화요일 (火曜日, hwayoil)
- 수요일 (水曜日, suyoil)
- 목요일 (木曜日, mogyoil)
- 금요일 (金曜日, geumyoil)
- 토요일 (土曜日, toyoil)
- 내일 (来日, naeil)
- 매일 (每日, maeil)
- 생일 (生日, saeng-il)
- 연일 (連日, yeonil)
- 휴일 (休日, hyu-il)
Vietnamese
Han character
日: Hán Việt readings: nhật (
日: Nôm readings: nhặt[1][2][3][4][5], nhật[1][2][5], nhạt[2][3], nhựt[2][5], nhờn[1]
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Hồ (1976).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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