jo

From Scots jo (“joy”).

• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /dʒoː/

jo (plural jos)

1. (Scotland) Darling, sweetheart.
   • 1711, traditional, published by James Watson, Old Long Syne:

     On Old long syne my Jo,
     on Old long syne,
     That thou canst never once reflect,
     on Old long syne.

   • My Jo Janet (traditional Scottish song)

     Keek into the draw-well, Janet, Janet;
     There ye'll see your bonnie sel',
     My jo, Janet.

• OJ

From Proto-Albanian *nio (“not, no”), from Proto-Indo-European *nĕ, *nē (“negative particle”). Compare Latin ne, Welsh neu, Old English na, Lithuanian ne (“not”).

• IPA^(key): /jɔ/

• Audio

  (file)

jo

1. no, not

• nuk

jo

1. to hit, strike, punch
2. (music) to play

   Gitarra jo nahi dut. - I want to play the guitar.

3. to knock, rap

   Gizon itsusi batek etxeko atea jo du. - An ugly man knocked on the door.

4. to crash
5. to head, go
6. (wind) to blow

• (to blow): ibili

jo

1. yes

From Old Occitan eu, from Vulgar Latin *eo, attested from the 6th century in Romance, from Latin ego, from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂; akin to Greek εγώ (egó), Sanskrit अहम् (aham), all from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

• (Central) IPA^(key): /ˈʒɔ/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈjo/, /ˈjɔ/
• Rhymes: -o, -ɔ

jo (strong)

1. I
2. (after certain prepositions) me

• mi (after most prepositions)

jo m (uncountable)

1. ego (the self)

   Synonym: ego

• “jo” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Compare Polish jo.

• IPA^(key): [ˈjo]

• Audio

  (file)

jo

1. (colloquial) yeah, yep

• ano

• ne

From Latin ubi. Compare Romanian iuo, Italian ove, French où, Old Spanish o.

• IPA^(key): /jo/

jo

1. where

Borrowed from Middle Low German jo. Used like Swedish ju, German ja (adverb) / je (conjunction).

• IPA^(key): [jo] (unstressed in context)

jo

1. as you know or should know; sometimes vaguely translatable as after all or obviously
   • 2015, Henriette E. Møller, Jelne, Gyldendal A/S →ISBN

     Jeg ved ikke, hvad de talte om, hendes sind blev så mørkt, jeg kunne jo ikke rigtigt snakke med hende.

     I do not know of what they spoke, her mind became so dark, I could not really talk with her, as you should be able to see.

   • 2009, Sven Arvid Birkeland, I krigens kølvand: danske skæbner efter 2. verdenskrig, Gyldendal A/S →ISBN, page 479

     Han gik jo ikke i krig i håb om, at det skulle blive den store sejr

     After all, he did not go to war in the hopes of achieving great victory.

   • 2016, Anita Krumbach, Dorte Lilmose, Hanne Kvist, Helle Perrier, Iben Mondrup, Louis Jensen, Ronnie Andersen, Sissel Bergfjord, Svend Åge Madsen, Tomas Lagermand Lundme, Det du ikke ved: Noveller for unge, Gyldendal A/S →ISBN

     Jeg mener, at selv ens eget navn eller alder KAN man jo ikke være 100 procent sikker på er Dennis/17, vel?

     I mean, one obviously cannot even be 100% sure that one's own name or age are Dennis and 17, can one?

jo

1. the

   Jo mere jeg løber, desto trættere bliver jeg.

   The more I run, the more tired I become.

jo ... desto ..., jo ... des ... are common constructions.

• IPA^(key): [ˈjɔʊ̯ˀ]

jo

1. yes (used to contradict a negative statement or negatively phrased question) (often followed by I do, he is, etc. in English to indicate contradiction rather than affirmation); identical in usage to the French si. Contrasts with ja which confirms positive statements or positively phrased questions.

   Du elsker mig ikke, gør du vel? — Jo!

   You don't love me, do you? — Yes, I do!

   Jeg har ikke gjort noget! — Jo!

   I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did!

Negatively phrased questions like Kommer du ikke?, Du kommer ikke, vel?, Du kommer ikke? ("Are you not coming?", "You are not coming, are you?", "You are not coming?") must be answered with jo to indicate that the speaker is, in fact, coming; they cannot be answered with ja ("yes").

• “jo” in Den Danske Ordbog

From English yo.

jo

1. hi

   Ey! - Jo! - Hey! - Hi!

2. bye

   Later! - Jo! - Later! - Bye!

3. you too

   Fijn weekend! - Jo! - Have a nice weekend! - You too!

• Audio

  (file)

jo (accusative singular jo-on, plural jo-oj, accusative plural jo-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J.

• (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

From Proto-Finnic *jo, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ju, compare Gothic 𐌾𐌿 (ju, “already”), Old High German ju (“already”). Cognates include Estonian ju, Votic jo, Veps jo, Ingrian jo, Karelian jo. (EES)

• IPA^(key): /ˈjo/, [ˈjo̞]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: jo

jo

1. already

   Luin kirjan jo loppuun.

   I already finished the book.

2. now (emphasizing word)

   (impatiently) Tule jo!

   Come now!

• jopa
• joko
• johan

From Vulgar Latin *eo, attested from the 6th century in Romance, from Latin ego.; akin to Greek εγώ (egó), Sanskrit अहम् (aham), all from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

jo

1. I

• joa, jö

Alteration of ja (“yes”) or the respective dialectal cognates.

• IPA^(key): /jɔː/

jo

1. (colloquial, dialectal) yes, yeah, well; expresses agreement in a hesitant or ponderous manner.

From the respective dialectal words for yes in about half of Northern and Central Germany and all of Western Germany (compare Low German ja, jo). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes, thus, so”), possibly from an unrecorded root. The form with /oː/ must have existed in the Middle Ages already, since the word often partakes in the same sound shifts as words with /oː/ from other sources, cf. Swedish jo.

• IPA^(key): /joː/

jo

1. (colloquial) yes; expresses firm agreement.

jo

1. already

jo

1. Obsolete form of io.

jo

1. Rōmaji transcription of じょ
2. Rōmaji transcription of ジョ
3. Rōmaji transcription of ぢょ
4. Rōmaji transcription of ヂョ

jo

1. already

jo

1. yes

• (Kouka) IPA^(key): /ɟō/
• (Tansilla Toma) IPA^(key): /ɟû/

jo

1. water

• zo

• Beatrice Tiendrébéogo, Rapport Sociolinguistique sur la Langue Bobo Madaré (SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2007-005: 55), page 44
• Chiara Alfieri, Bernard Taverne, Ethnophysiologie, règles et précautions chez les Bobo Madare et les Mossi

jo

1. field
2. farm

• https://inter.payap.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/linguistics_students/Luk_Hkaw_Thesis2017.pdf

jo

1. because
2. for

jo

1. the... the...

   jo vairāk naudas, jo labāk ― the more money the better

• IPA^(key): [jo]

jo

1. his (3rd person singular masculine possessive)

jo m

1. (third-person singular) genitive form of jis.

jo

1. (colloquial) yes

• juo

Perhaps borrowed from Latvian jo (“because, yet (more)”), /juo/.

• IPA^(key): /jo/

jo

1. more; used with adjectives to form comparatives
   • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

     pitkā, jo pitkā

     long, longer

Perhaps borrowed from Latvian jau (“yet, already, after all”). However, compare also Finnish jo (“already”), thus ultimately a common Finnic borrowing from Proto-Germanic *ju that has likely been contaminated by the more figurative senses of Latvian jau, with the latter ultimately a distant cognate of the initial Germanic borrowing.

• IPA^(key): /jo/

jo

1. yet, already, after all
   • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

     mōnigļikizt, ne jo lǟbõd mōzõ

     bumblebees, they are already migrating to their burrows (lit. "going inside of earth")

     amād jo ītist äb peļļõt

     not everyone makes the same [amount of money] (lit. "everyone after all doesn't earn the same")

• LĒL only lists jo without listing any instances of juo. Livonian-Latvian-Livonian dictionary, in turn, only lists juo for the comparative forming preposition sense.
• LĒL doesn't explicitly list the second sense that seems to exactly mirror Latvian jau (including the more figurative applications.) Such a function, however, is inferred from the many usage examples available in the dictionary. As a translation of Latvian jau (strictly in its temporal sense) LĒL lists jõbā (“already”), cf. Estonian juba.

• IPA^(key): [jɔ]

jo

1. yes (word used to show agreement or acceptance)

jo

1. third-person singular present of byś

jo

1. accusative of wóno

• njo (after preposition)

• IPA^(key): /jo/, [joː]
• Rhymes: -oː
• Homophone: Jo

jo

1. yes

• dach

jo

1. second-person singular imperative of joen

Compare with West Frisian hja.

• djo (Helgoland)
• ja (Sylt and Mooring)

jo

1. they

jo

1. already
2. now

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002-2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

• Audio

  (file)

From Old Norse jaur.

jo

1. yes; in disagreement with the last speaker's negative statement.

   Du har ikke pusset tennene vel? - Jo, det har jeg.

   You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - Yes, I have.

2. yes or no; expressing doubt. (colloquial)

   Vil du være med? - Jo...

   Do you want to join? - I'm not sure...

Ja can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In example 1, agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

• jojo
• joda

From Old Norse gjóðr

jo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joer, definite plural joene)

1. a skua, seabird of family Stercorariidae.

• storjo

• “jo” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “jo_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “jo_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

From Old Norse jaur.

• jau

jo

1. yes; in disagreement with the last speaker's negative statement.
2. yes or no; expressing doubt. (colloquial)

As for Bokmål above.

• jojo

From Old Norse gjóðr

jo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joar, definite plural joane)

1. a skua, seabird of family Stercorariidae.

• storjo

• “jo” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• ieu

• IPA^(key): /ʒu/, /ju/

From Old Occitan eu, from Vulgar Latin *eo, attested from the 6th century in Romance, from Latin ego. Compare Catalan jo, Old French jeo.

jo

1. (Gascony) I

From Old Occitan (compare Catalan jou), from Latin jugum, iugum (compare French joug, Italian giogo), from Proto-Italic *jugom, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

jo m

1. yoke

jo

1. Alternative form of je

jō

1. Alternative form of jū, accusative/dative of jī

jo

1. yes

Compare Czech jo.

• IPA^(key): /jɔ/

jo

1. (dialectal) yeah, yep

• ano
• no
• tak
• hej

• nie

• IPA^(key): /xo/

¡jo!

1. stop, woah (especially when commanding a horse or imitative thereof)

Euphemistic clipping of joder.

¡jo!

1. Used to express surprise, amazement, or confusion.

   ¡Jo!

   I never heard anything like that before.

   ¡Jo!

   Are you serious?

   ¡Jo!

   Boy!

• “jo” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Possibly from English yo.

jo

1. (Sheng) added for emphasis to the end of a sentence

   Manze jo! ― Oh man!

• IPA^(key): /juː/

jo

1. yes; used as a disagreement to a negative statement or a negatively phrased question.

   Du har inte borstat tänderna, eller hur? - Jo, det har jag.

   "You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - Yes, I have."

Ja (yes) can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In the example above agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

In Swedish dialects spoken in northern Sweden and Finland, it is however not uncommon for the word jo to be used in place of ja in all cases, at least in spoken language.

• oj

Related to Finnish jo.

jo

1. already

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “уж, уже”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

• IPA^(key): /joː/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /jə/

From Old Frisian jū, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

jo

1. you (second person singular nominative formal pronoun)

Though it is a singular pronoun, jo takes the plural conjugation of verbs.

• “jo”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

jo

1. your (second-person singular formal possessive determiner)

• “jo”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011