United States presidential election in Texas, 1948

United States presidential election in Texas, 1948

November 2, 1948

Nominee Harry S. Truman Thomas E. Dewey Strom Thurmond Party Democratic Republican Dixiecrat Home state Missouri New York South Carolina Running mate Alben W. Barkley Earl Warren Fielding L. Wright Electoral vote 23 0 0 Popular vote 824,235 303,467 113,776 Percentage 66.0% 24.3% 9.1%

County Results   Truman—>90%   Truman—80-90%   Truman—70-80%   Truman—60-70%   Truman—50-60%   Truman—40-50%   Dewey—40-50%   Dewey—50-60%   Dewey—60-70%   Dewey—80-90%

President before election Harry S. Truman Democratic Elected President Harry S. Truman Democratic

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Government

The 1948 United States presidential election in Texas was held on November 2, 1948. Texas voters chose twenty-three electors to represent the state in the Electoral College, which chose the president and vice president.

Background

As a former Confederate state, Texas had a history of Jim Crow laws, disfranchisement of its African-American and Mexican-American populations, and single-party Democratic rule outside a few Unionist German-American counties (chiefly Gillespie and Kendall) of Central Texas. However, President Harry S. Truman was attempting to launch a Civil Rights bill, involving desegregation of the military, which led to severe opposition from Southern Democrats, who aimed to have South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond listed as Democratic Presidential nominee and Mississippi Governor Fielding Wright as Vice-Presidential nominee. Thurmond, whose ticket was formally called the States’ Right’s Democratic Party and more popularly known as the Dixiecrats, was leading Truman in early polls even in the major metropolitan counties of Dallas and Harris, which suggested he would claim the state.^[1] Texas’ large number of electoral votes made it a coveted prize in Thurmond’s quest to take the election into the House of Representatives.^[2]

At the time of this poll it remained uncertain as to whether Truman or Thurmond would be the official Democratic nominee in Texas.^[3] Unlike Oklahoma, Tennessee, North Carolina or Virginia, Texas did not have a major threat from the Republican Party to block local Democratic support for Thurmond,^[4] but it had only a third the proportion of blacks found in Mississippi or South Carolina.^[5] More critically, Texas’ party hierarchy was dominated by Truman loyalists,^[6] most critically Governor Beauford Jester,^[2] and by mid-September it was clear that Truman would be the official Democratic nominee.^[6]

Truman campaigned in the Lone Star State during late September, ignoring Civil Rights and focusing entirely upon Dewey.^[7] The President’s criticism of Dewey was largely focused on improving the transmission of hydroelectric power from dams at lower rates than Dewey had planned.^[7]

Vote

Ultimately Texas overwhelmingly voted for Truman, who received 66 percent of the vote. Texas was Truman’s strongest state, and one of four in the country which gave Truman over sixty percent of the popular vote. Truman carried 246 out of the state’s 254 counties. Thurmond received only a little over nine percent of the popular vote and failed to carry any counties, including those in East Texas, a region more culturally tied to the Deep South than to the rest of Texas. The Dixiecrat ticket did, nonetheless, run second behind Truman in thirty counties. Thomas E. Dewey, the Republican Party candidate, only won eight counties, with Gillespie County in the Texas Hill Country being his strongest performance by giving him over eighty percent of the vote. Dewey remains the last Republican candidate to lose Texas with under thirty percent of the popular vote.

This is one of the last presidential elections in Texas in which the following regions were considered strongholds for the Democratic Party: West Texas, the Texas Panhandle, and the Texas Hill Country. Although several Democratic candidates would win a majority of the counties in these regions in future presidential elections, notably Texas native Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, these regions were one of the first in the state to begin splitting their tickets by voting for Republicans on the national level while continuing to vote Democrat at the state level.

This is the last occasion the Plains counties of Ector, Gray, Hansford, Hutchinson, Lipscomb, Midland, Ochiltree, Randall, and Roberts, have voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.^[8] In the twenty first century these counties typically give over ninety percent of their vote to Republican nominees, while Roberts and Ochiltree have alternated as the nation’s most Republican county. Additionally, 1948 constitutes the last election when Gregg County and Smith County in East Texas, plus Edwards County at the western extremity of its namesake plateau, have voted for the Democratic Presidential nominee.^[8] With the exception of Lyndon B. Johnson’s landslide win in the state in 1964, this was the last election in which Dallas and Harris counties would vote for the Democratic candidate. Since both counties saw their populations increase as a result of northern expatriates moving into the state, the two would strongly vote Republican for the next several decades until Barack Obama would win them back in 2008.

Results

References