Smith County, Texas

Smith County, Texas
Smith County Courthouse in Tyler

Seal
Map of Texas highlighting Smith County
Location in the U.S. state of Texas
Map of the United States highlighting Texas
Texas's location in the U.S.
Founded July 1846
Seat Tyler
Largest city Tyler
Area
 • Total 950 sq mi (2,460 km2)
 • Land 921 sq mi (2,385 km2)
 • Water 28 sq mi (73 km2), 3.0%
Population
 • (2010) 209,714
 • Density 228/sq mi (88/km2)
Congressional district 1st
Time zone Central: UTC−6/−5
Website www.smith-county.com

Smith County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 209,714.[1] Its county seat is Tyler.[2] Smith County is named for James Smith, a general during the Texas Revolution.

Smith County is part of the Tyler, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Tyler-Jacksonville, TX Tyler-Jacksonville Combined Statistical Area.

History

Smith County veterans display, the Wall of Memories, in the Tyler plaza
Confederate States of America memorial in Tyler plaza
Korean War Memorial in Tyler plaza

For thousands of years, indigenous peoples occupied this area of present-day Texas. The first known inhabitants of the area now known as Smith County were the Caddo Indians, who were recorded here until 1819. That year a band of Cherokee Indians, led by The Bowl (also known as Chief Bowels), migrated from Georgia and settled in what are now Smith and Rusk counties.[3] The Treaty of Bowles Village on February 23, 1836, between the Republic of Texas and the Cherokee and twelve affiliated tribes, gave all of Smith and Cherokees counties as well as parts of western Rusk County, southern Gregg (formed from Rusk County in 1873) along with southeastern Van Zandt counties to the tribes.[4] The Native Americans remained on these lands until the Cherokee War in the summer of 1839, as part of conflicts with Native Americans in Texas. The Cherokee were driven out of Smith County, as others of their kin were forced from the Southeast United States during Indian Removal.

After 1845 some Cherokee returned when Benjamin Franklin Thompson, a white man married to a Cherokee, purchased 10,000 aces of land in Rusk County. The Mount Tabor Indian Community developed here,[5] some six miles south of present-day Kilgore. The Community later grew and incorporated areas near Overton, Arp and Troup, Texas.

In July 1846 Smith County separated from the Nacogdoches District and was named for James Smith, a General of the Texas Revolution. At this time Tyler was designated as the county seat.[6]

Camp Ford was the largest Confederate prisoner-of-war camp west of the Mississippi River during the American Civil War. Here Sheriff Jim Reed of Collin County and Judge McReynolds, former chief justice of the district, were seized and lynched by "Regulators." The original site of the Camp stockade is now a public historic park, owned by Smith County, and managed by the Smith County Historical Society. The park contains a kiosk, paved trail, interpretive signage, a cabin reconstruction, and a picnic area. It is located on Highway 271, 0.8 miles north of Loop 323.

20th century to present

The Smith County Historical Society, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, was founded in 1959 by individuals and business firms dedicated to discovering, collecting and preserving data, records and other items relating to the history of Smith County, Texas. More information can be found at the Smith County Historical Society Website.[7]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 950 square miles (2,500 km2), of which 921 square miles (2,390 km2) is land and 28 square miles (73 km2) (3.0%) is water.[8]

The county infrastructure includes some 1,180 miles (1,900 km) of two lane county road.

Major highways

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18504,292—
186013,392212.0%
187016,53223.4%
188021,86332.2%
189028,32429.6%
190037,37031.9%
191041,74611.7%
192046,76912.0%
193053,12313.6%
194069,09030.1%
195074,7018.1%
196086,35015.6%
197097,09612.4%
1980128,36632.2%
1990151,30917.9%
2000174,70615.5%
2010209,71420.0%
Est. 2016225,290[9]7.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1850–2010[11] 2010–2014[1]

As of the census[12] of 2010, there were 209,714 people and 76,427 households residing in the county. The population density was 227.6 people per square mile (73/km²). There were 87,309 housing units. The racial makeup of the county was 70.1% White, 17.9% Black or African American, 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.2% Asian, and 2.0% persons reporting two or more races. 17.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 76,427 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of a householder living alone. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.13.

The median income for a household in the county was $46,139. The per capita income for the county was $25,374. About 15.4% of families and 13.80% of the population were below the poverty line.

In the county, the population was spread out with 26.60% under the age of 18, 9.80% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 22.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 92.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.90 males.

Politics

Conservative whites in Smith County began to ally with the Republican Party in 1964, making it one of three East Texas counties, along with Panola and Gregg, to vote for Barry Goldwater in 1964, when native son Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson won re-election. At that time most blacks and Latinos in the county were still disenfranchised due to the state's discriminatory use of certain barriers.[13] The last Democrat to carry Smith County was incumbent President Harry S. Truman in 1948.[14] No Democrat has gained 30 percent of the county’s vote in the past five elections. The last Democrat to gain more than 40 percent was Jimmy Carter from Georgia in 1976.

Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[15]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2016 69.5% 58,930 26.3% 22,300 4.2% 3,538
2012 72.0% 57,331 27.0% 21,456 1.0% 814
2008 69.4% 55,187 29.8% 23,726 0.8% 648
2004 72.5% 53,392 27.1% 19,970 0.4% 302
2000 71.5% 43,320 27.2% 16,470 1.4% 834
1996 60.0% 32,171 34.1% 18,265 6.0% 3,207
1992 47.0% 27,753 29.7% 17,514 23.3% 13,739
1988 64.7% 34,658 34.9% 18,719 0.4% 215
1984 72.6% 40,740 27.1% 15,227 0.3% 152
1980 64.6% 28,236 34.0% 14,838 1.4% 626
1976 56.6% 22,238 42.9% 16,856 0.5% 181
1972 74.4% 23,671 25.3% 8,041 0.4% 115
1968 39.5% 12,079 29.1% 8,897 31.4% 9,595
1964 50.9% 12,960 49.0% 12,474 0.2% 38
1960 57.8% 12,042 40.8% 8,494 1.4% 285
1956 65.2% 12,255 34.4% 6,468 0.4% 69
1952 56.4% 10,947 43.5% 8,450 0.1% 13
1948 28.1% 3,181 57.2% 6,473 14.6% 1,655
1944 9.8% 936 69.9% 6,671 20.3% 1,931
1940 14.2% 1,557 85.7% 9,410 0.1% 8
1936 8.5% 660 91.4% 7,116 0.2% 12
1932 9.2% 750 90.5% 7,424 0.3% 27
1928 59.9% 3,493 40.2% 2,343
1924 18.9% 1,079 78.2% 4,473 3.0% 171
1920 15.1% 707 63.5% 2,965 21.4% 1,001
1916 22.2% 773 69.6% 2,422 8.2% 286
1912 14.9% 485 59.6% 1,936 25.5% 827

Smith County is represented in the Texas House of Representatives by Matt Schaefer (R) of Tyler and the Texas Senate by Senator Bryan Hughes (politician) (R). Its U.S. representative is Louie Gohmert (R).

Government and infrastructure

The county is governed by a Commissioners Court, made up of four members elected from single-member districts and a County Judge elected at-large. The county has been concerned about its roads since the early 21st century. It has some 1,180 miles (1,900 km) of two-lane county roads. 70% of these county roads were rated as "bad" or "poor" in 2004. The county Commissioners Court appointed a new county engineer in 2005 and initiated an aggressive reconstruction campaign. But after the election of 2006, the Commissioners Court cut back on the improvement campaign.

During this period the county commissioners and judge passed what became a controversial pay increase for themselves, by a 3-2 vote. After heated protests from the public, they eventually scaled back the raises. New legislation was introduced at the state legislature to prohibit commissioners and county judges from authorizing raises for themselves during their first term of office.

Officials

A total of twenty-eight elected officials serve Smith County citizens (County Auditor is not an elected position):

Official Function
County Judge County administration (as presiding member of the Commissioners Court) and judicial jurisdiction
Commissioners (four, one per precinct) County administration (Commissioners Court)
Sheriff Security and law enforcement
District Attorney Law enforcement and criminal prosecution
Constables (five, one per precinct) Law enforcement
Justices of the Peace (five, one per precinct) Judicial/Legal jurisdiction
District Clerk Judicial support to district courts
County Clerk Clerk of record for the county
County Tax Assessor-Collector Collector of property taxes and special fees
County Treasurer County’s chief banker
County Court at Law Judges (three) Judicial/Legal jurisdiction
District Judges (four) Judicial/Legal jurisdiction

Education

The following school districts serve school-age children in Smith County:

Those wishing to attend institutions of higher learning in the area can attend:

Media

Smith County is part of the Tyler/Longview/Jacksonville DMA. Local media outlets are: KLTV, KTRE-TV, KYTX-TV, KFXK-TV, KCEB-TV, and KETK-TV.

KTBB, an AM radio station based in Tyler, provides a news-talk format to the area.

The daily Tyler Morning Telegraph is the primary newspaper in the county, based in Tyler. Coverage of the area can also be found in the Longview News-Journal, published in Longview, in Gregg County.

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

Ghost towns

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ↑ Clarke, Mary Whatley (1971). Chief Bowels and the Texas Cherokees: A History. p. 17.
  4. ↑ Winfrey, Day (1825–1916). Indian Papers of Texas, Volume I: Treaty between Texas and the Cherokee Indians. pp. 14–17.
  5. ↑ Pynes, Patrick (2007). Historic Origins of the Mount Tabor Indian Community: Northern Arizona University. p. 74.
  6. ↑ Texas State Historical Association Online. "Smith County". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  7. ↑ "To discover, collect and preserve the history of Smith County". Smith County Historical Society. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
  8. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  10. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  11. ↑ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  12. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  13. ↑ "5.3 Historical Barriers to Voting", Texas Politics, University of Texas website, 2018
  14. ↑ The Political Graveyard; Smith County, Texas
  15. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 4 April 2018.

Coordinates: 32°23′N 95°16′W / 32.38°N 95.27°W / 32.38; -95.27

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