United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 2016

United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 2016

November 8, 2016 (2016-11-08)

All 16 Ohio seats to the United States House of Representatives

  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Republican Democratic
Last election 12 4
Seats won 12 4
Seat change Steady Steady
Popular vote 2,996,017 2,154,523
Percentage 58.17% 41.83%
Swing Decrease 1.85% Increase 1.85%

The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the 16 U.S. Representatives from the state of Ohio, one from each of the state's 16 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on March 15.

District 1


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Steve Chabot Michele Young
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 210,014 144,644
Percentage 59.19% 40.77%

U.S. Representative before election

Steve Chabot
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Steve Chabot
Republican

The 1st District is held by Republican Steve Chabot.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Steve Chabot (Incumbent) 101,026 100.00
Total votes 101,026 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Michele Young 39,535 67.96
Democratic Fred Kundrata 11,944 20.53
Democratic Jim Berns 6,693 11.51
Total votes 58,172 100.00

General election

Candidates

  • Steve Chabot (R), incumbent U.S. Representative
  • Michele Young (D)
  • Shalom Keller (Write-in)
  • Kiumars Kiani (Write-in)

Results

Ohio's 1st Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Steve Chabot (Incumbent) 210,014 59.19
Democratic Michele Young 144,644 40.77
Independent Sholom D. Keller (Write-in) 114 0.03
Independent Kiumars G. Kiani (Write-in) 16 0.00
Total votes 354,788 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 2


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Brad Wenstrup William R. Smith
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 221,193 111,694
Percentage 65.00% 32.82%

U.S. Representative before election

Brad Wenstrup
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Brad Wenstrup
Republican

The 2nd District is held by Republican Brad Wenstrup.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brad Wenstrup (Incumbent) 101,765 84.87
Republican Jim Lewis 18,136 15.13
Total votes 119,901 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic William R. Smith 19,422 41.72
Democratic Ronny Richards 13,976 30.02
Democratic Russ Hurley 13,154 28.26
Total votes 46,552 100.00

General election

Candidates

Results

Ohio's 2nd Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brad Wenstrup (Incumbent) 221,193 65.00
Democratic William R. Smith 111,694 32.82
Independent Janet Everhard (Write-in) 7,392 2.17
Total votes 340,279 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 3


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Joyce Beatty John Adams
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 199,791 91,560
Percentage 68.57% 31.43%

U.S. Representative before election

Joyce Beatty
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Joyce Beatty
Democratic

The 3rd District is held by Democrat Joyce Beatty.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joyce Beatty (Incumbent) 79,893 100.00
Total votes 79,893 100.00

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican John Adams 36,851 100.00
Total votes 36,851 100.00

General election

Candidates

Results

Ohio's 3rd Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joyce Beatty (Incumbent) 199,791 68.57
Republican John Adams 91,560 31.43
Total votes 291,351 100.00
Democratic hold

Official campaign websites

District 4


November 8, 2016

 
Jim Jordan official photo, 114th Congress.jpg
Nominee Jim Jordan Janet Garrett
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 210,227 98,981
Percentage 67.99% 32.01%

U.S. Representative before election

Jim Jordan
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Jim Jordan
Republican

The 4th District is held by Republican Jim Jordan.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jim Jordan (Incumbent) 109,743 100.00
Total votes 109,743 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Janet Garrett 29,679 66.73
Democratic Daniel Johnson 11,314 25.44
Democratic Norbert G. Dennerll, Jr. 3,480 7.82
Total votes 44,473 100.00

General election

Candidates

Results

Ohio's 4th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jim Jordan (Incumbent) 210,227 67.99
Democratic Janet Garrett 98,981 32.01
Total votes 309,208 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 5


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Bob Latta James L. Neu, Jr.
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 244,599 100,392
Percentage 70.90% 29.10%

U.S. Representative before election

Bob Latta
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Bob Latta
Republican

The 5th District is held by Republican Bob Latta.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bob Latta (Incumbent) 119,907 100.00
Total votes 119,907 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

  • James L. Neu, Jr.[9]

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic James L. Neu, Jr. 44,005 100.00
Total votes 44,005 100.00

General election

Candidates

  • Bob Latta (R), incumbent U.S. Representative
  • James L. Neu, Jr. (D)

Results

Ohio's 5th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bob Latta (Incumbent) 244,599 70.90
Democratic James L. Neu, Jr. 100,392 29.10
Total votes 344,991 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 6


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Bill Johnson Michael L. Lorentz
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 213,975 88,780
Percentage 70.68% 29.32%

U.S. Representative before election

Bill Johnson
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Bill Johnson
Republican

The 6th District is held by Republican Bill Johnson.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bill Johnson (Incumbent) 102,187 100.00
Total votes 102,187 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

Withdrawn

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Michael L. Lorentz 20,649 100.00
Total votes 20,649 100.00

General election

Candidates

Results

Ohio's 6th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bill Johnson (Incumbent) 213,975 70.68
Democratic Michael L. Lorentz 88,780 29.32
Total votes 302,755 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 7


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Bob Gibbs Roy Rich Dan Phillip
Party Republican Democratic Independent
Popular vote 198,221 89,638 21,694
Percentage 64.03% 28.96% 7.01%

U.S. Representative before election

Bob Gibbs
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Bob Gibbs
Republican

The 7th District is held by Republican Bob Gibbs.

Republican primary

Candidates

  • Bob Gibbs, incumbent U.S. Representative[6]
  • Terry Robertson, truck driver and real estate agent[6]

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bob Gibbs (Incumbent) 80,853 74.65
Republican Terry Robertson 27,453 25.35
Total votes 108,306 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

  • Roy Rich, retired police commander[6]
  • Bebley Thomas Spence, Jr.[6]

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Roy Rich 43,683 100.00
Total votes 43,683 100.00

General election

Candidates

  • Bob Gibbs (R), incumbent U.S. Representative
  • Roy Rich (D), retired police commander
  • Dan Phillip (I)

Results

Ohio's 7th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bob Gibbs (Incumbent) 198,221 64.03
Democratic Roy Rich 89,638 28.96
Independent Dan Phillip 21,694 7.01
Total votes 309,553 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 8


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Warren Davidson Steven Fought
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 223,833 87,794
Percentage 68.76% 26.97%

U.S. Representative before election

John Boehner
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Warren Davidson
Republican

The 8th District is currently vacant. It was held by Republican John Boehner. Boehner announced that he will resign his seat effective October 30, 2015. A special election to fill the remainder of the term will be held at a date to be determined.[12]

Prior to the announcement of Boehner's resignation, he was facing primary challenges from Tea Party activists and 2014 opponents businessman Matthew Ashworth and teacher J.D. Winteregg. Since Boehner's announcement, nearly 15 candidates have pulled petitions for the Republican nomination. Corey Foister won the Democratic nomination, but later withdrew from the election after the June 7th special election.[13][14][15] Steven Fought was nominated by the Democratic Party to take Foister's place on the general election ballot.[16]

Republican primary

Candidates

  • Matthew Ashworth
  • Bill Beagle
  • Warren Davidson
  • Timothy S. Derickson
  • Scott George
  • Eric J. Haemmerle
  • Terri King
  • Joseph Matvey
  • Edward R. Meer
  • John W. Robbins
  • Michael Smith
  • Jim Spurlino
  • Kevin F. White
  • J.D. Winteregg
  • George S. Wooley

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Warren Davidson 42,701 32.18
Republican Timothy S. Derickson 31,685 23.88
Republican Bill Beagle 26,049 19.63
Republican Jim Spurlino 9,602 7.24
Republican J.D. Winteregg 5,375 4.05
Republican Scott George 3,094 2.33
Republican Terri King 2,970 2.24
Republican Kevin F. White 2,384 1.80
Republican Michael Smith 2,009 1.51
Republican Matthew Ashworth 1,637 1.23
Republican John W. Robbins 1,579 1.19
Republican Eric J. Haemmerle 1,386 1.04
Republican George S. Wooley 1,045 0.79
Republican Edward R. Meer 633 0.48
Republican Joseph Matvey 548 0.41
Total votes 132,697 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Corey Foister 32,214 100.00
Total votes 32,214 100.00

Green primary

Candidates

  • James J. Condit Jr. [5]

Results

Green primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Green James J. Condit Jr. 216 100.00
Total votes 216 100.00

General election

Candidates

  • Warren Davidson (R), incumbent U.S. Representative
  • Steven Fought (D), former communications director and legislative director for U.S. Representative Marcy Kaptur
  • Derrick James Hendricks (G)[18]

Results

Ohio's 8th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Warren Davidson (Incumbent) 223,833 68.76
Democratic Steven Fought 87,794 26.97
Green Derrick James Hendricks 13,879 4.26
Total votes 325,506 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 9


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Marcy Kaptur Donald P. Larson
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 193,966 88,427
Percentage 68.69% 31.31%

U.S. Representative before election

Marcy Kaptur
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Marcy Kaptur
Democratic

The 9th District is held by Democrat Marcy Kaptur. Former state representative Steve Kraus will be running for the Republican nomination.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent) 80,065 100.00
Total votes 80,065 100.00

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Donald P. Larson 20,859 44.30
Republican Steve Kraus 16,966 36.03
Republican Joel Lieske 9,262 19.67
Total votes 47,087 100.00

General election

Candidates

  • Marcy Kaptur (D), incumbent U.S. Representative
  • Donald P. Larson (R), small business owner
  • George Skalsky (Write-in)

Results

Ohio's 9th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent) 193,966 68.69
Republican Donald P. Larson 88,427 31.31
Independent George Skalsky (Write-in) 5 0.00
Total votes 282,398 100.00
Democratic hold

Official campaign websites

District 10


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Mike Turner Robert Klepinger
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 215,724 109,981
Percentage 64.09% 32.67%

U.S. Representative before election

Mike Turner
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Mike Turner
Republican

The 10th District is held by Republican Mike Turner.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Turner (Incumbent) 108,235 100.00
Total votes 108,235 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Robert Klepinger 51,854 100.00
Total votes 51,854 100.00

General election

Candidates

Results

Ohio's 10th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Turner (Incumbent) 215,724 64.09
Democratic Robert Klepinger 109,981 32.67
Independent Tom McMasters 10,890 3.24
Independent David A. Harlow (Write-in) 7 0.00
Total votes 336,602 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 11


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Marcia Fudge Beverly A. Goldstein
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 242,917 59,769
Percentage 80.25% 19.75%

U.S. Representative before election

Marcia Fudge
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Marcia Fudge
Democratic

The 11th District is held by Democrat Marcia Fudge.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Marcia Fudge (Incumbent) 109,706 100.00
Total votes 109,706 100.00

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Beverly A. Goldstein 23,290 100.00
Total votes 23,290 100.00

General election

Candidates

Results

Ohio's 11th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Marcia Fudge (Incumbent) 242,917 80.25
Republican Beverly Goldstein 59,769 19.75
Total votes 302,686 100.00
Democratic hold

Official campaign websites

District 12


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Pat Tiberi Ed Albertson
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 251,266 112,638
Percentage 66.55% 29.84%

U.S. Representative before election

Pat Tiberi
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Pat Tiberi
Republican

The 12th District is held by Republican Pat Tiberi.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Pat Tiberi (Incumbent) 128,173 100.00
Total votes 128,173 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

  • Ed Albertson[5]

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ed Albertson 48,537 100.00
Total votes 48,537 100.00

Green primary

Candidates

Results

Green primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Green Joe Manchik 239 100.00
Total votes 239 100.00

General election

Candidates

  • Pat Tiberi (R), incumbent U.S. Representative
  • Ed Albertson (D)
  • Joe Manchik (G)
  • John J. Baumeister (Write-in)

Results

Ohio's 12th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Pat Tiberi (Incumbent) 251,266 66.55
Democratic Ed Albertson 112,638 29.84
Green Joe Manchik 13,474 3.57
Independent John J. Baumeister (Write-in) 156 0.04
Total votes 377,534 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 13


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Tim Ryan Richard A. Morckel
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 208,610 99,377
Percentage 67.73% 32.26%

U.S. Representative before election

Tim Ryan
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Tim Ryan
Democratic

The 13th District is held by Democrat Tim Ryan.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Tim Ryan (Incumbent) 88,154 89.29
Democratic John Stephen Luchansky 10,578 10.71
Total votes 98,732 100.00

Republican primary

Candidates

  • Richard Morckel, technician[6]

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Richard Morckel 50,750 100.00
Total votes 50,750 100.00

General election

Candidates

  • Tim Ryan (D), incumbent U.S. Representative
  • Richard A. Morckel (R), technician
  • Calvin Hill, Sr. (Write-in)

Results

Ohio's 13th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Tim Ryan (Incumbent) 208,610 67.73
Republican Richard A. Morckel 99,377 32.26
Independent Calvin Hill, Sr. (Write-in) 17 0.01
Total votes 308,004 100.00
Democratic hold

Official campaign websites

District 14


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee David Joyce Michael Wager
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 219,191 130,907
Percentage 62.58% 37.37%

U.S. Representative before election

David Joyce
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

David Joyce
Republican

The 14th District is held by Republican David Joyce.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican David Joyce (Incumbent) 79,919 64.49
Republican Matt Lynch 44,004 35.51
Total votes 123,923 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Michael Wager 36,796 66.61
Democratic Alfred Mackey 18,442 33.39
Total votes 55,238 100.00

General election

Candidates

Results

Ohio's 14th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican David Joyce (Incumbent) 219,191 62.58
Democratic Michael Wager 130,907 37.37
Green Andrew Jarvi (Write-in) 171 0.05
Total votes 350,269 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 15


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Steve Stivers Scott Wharton
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 222,847 113,960
Percentage 66.16% 33.84%

U.S. Representative before election

Steve Stivers
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Steve Stivers
Republican

The 15th District is held by Republican Steve Stivers.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Steve Stivers (Incumbent) 106,410 100.00
Total votes 106,410 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Scott Wharton 48,477 100.00
Total votes 48,477 100.00

Green primary

Candidates

Results

Green primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Green Dennis Lambert (Write-in) 5 100.00
Total votes 5 100.00

General election

Candidates

Results

Ohio's 15th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Steve Stivers (Incumbent) 222,847 66.16
Democratic Scott Wharton 113,960 33.84
Total votes 336,807 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

District 16


November 8, 2016

 
Nominee Jim Renacci Keith Mundy
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 225,794 119,830
Percentage 65.33% 34.67%

U.S. Representative before election

Jim Renacci
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Jim Renacci
Republican

The 16th District is held by Republican Jim Renacci.

Republican primary

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jim Renacci (Incumbent) 107,039 100.00
Total votes 107,039 100.00

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Keith Mundy 48,907 100.00
Total votes 48,907 100.00

General election

Candidates

  • Jim Renacci, incumbent U.S. Representative
  • Keith Mundy (D)

Results

Ohio's 16th Congressional District election, 2016[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jim Renacci (Incumbent) 225,794 65.33
Democratic Keith Mundy 119,830 34.67
Total votes 345,624 100.00
Republican hold

Official campaign websites

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hulsey, Lynn (December 16, 2015). "20 candidates file to run for Boehner's seat". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 "Official Primary Election Results". Ohio Secretary of State. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Ohio State Official Election Results, retrieved December 7, 2016
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Candidates line up for commissioner, sheriff spots". Chillicothe Gazette. December 16, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "2016 Primary Certified Candidates List" (PDF). Franklin County Board of Elections. December 17, 2015. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Eaton, Sabrina (December 16, 2015). "Rematches abound in Northeast Ohio congressional primary filings". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  7. Wysochanski, Jon (June 15, 2015). "86-year-old veteran says he's going to run for Congress". Lorain Chronicle Telegram. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  8. Goodenow, Evan (October 26, 2015). "Challenger seeks second run at Jordan". Lorain Chronicle Telegram. Retrieved December 12, 2015.
  9. 1 2 Troy, Tom; Feehan, Jennifer (December 17, 2015). "Voters to have lots of choices in November". The Blade. Retrieved December 17, 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 Baker, Jon (December 16, 2015). "Election: Our next sheriff? Tuscarawas County chief deputy among officeholders unopposed in primary". The Times-Reporter. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  11. Mercer, Sarah (January 25, 2016). "Michael Davenport withdraws candidacy for Congress". WKBN-TV. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  12. Borchardt, Jackie (September 25, 2015). "Special election will select replacement for John Boehner's congressional seat". cleveland.com. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  13. Wong, Scott (April 6, 2015). "Boehner primary foe seeks rematch". The Hill. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  14. Eaton, Sabrina (April 14, 2015). "Feds tell John Boehner's Tea Party challenger to rename his campaign committee". cleveland.com. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  15. BieryGolick, Keith (July 25, 2016). "Dem, cancer survivor pulls out of Boehner race". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved August 9, 2016.
  16. Pitman, Michael D. (September 11, 2016). "November's congressional matchup to be set after Tuesday". JournalNews. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  17. "Special Congressional Primary Candidate List" (PDF). Butler County Board of Elections. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  18. http://www.butlercountyelections.org/Docs/November_2016_Candidate%20Petition%20and%20Issue%20Activity.pdf
  19. Provance, Jim (November 4, 2015). "Ex-state lawmaker Steve Kraus to run for U.S. House". The Blade. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
  20. Eaton, Sabrina (June 10, 2015). "Tea party favorite Matt Lynch to challenge Rep. Dave Joyce in GOP congressional primary rematch". cleveland.com. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.