List of Christmas dishes
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This page is a list of Christmas dishes as eaten around the world. These food items are traditionally eaten at or associated with the Christmas season.
Albania
- Byrek me kungull dhe arre – This is a traditional Albanian pumpkin and walnut pie cooked usually on Christmas Eve, especially in Catholic families. The ingredients are wheat flour, pumpkin, walnuts, vegetable oil (if fasting is considered) or butter, a pinch of salt and black pepper. Sometimes oregano is added. The pastry layers are traditionally homemade, filled with baked pumpkin mixture, which contains butter, salt and pepper. On top of the mixture, chopped walnuts are sprinkled. Layers are then folded up, put on a flat baking dish in a circular shape and baked. It makes a very delicious and light side dish for Christmas or any other occasion.
Argentina
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Panettone (known locally as pan dulce) and turrón are the most popular Christmas sweets in Argentina regardless of socioeconomic status, with 76% of Argentines choosing the former and 59% the latter in 2015.[2] Mantecol, a typical peanut dessert, is also popular, being favored by 49% of Argentines in the same survey.[3] Sparkling wines, ciders and frizzantes concentrate most of their sales during Christmas season; sparkling wine is mostly consumed by small families with high and medium socioeconomic status living in Greater Buenos Aires and the country's largest cities, while cider and frizzantes are popular among lower classes and large families.[3]
- Vitel toné[4][5][6]
- Turrón[6][7]
- Pan dulce[8]
- Asado (beef, chicken, calf, lamb, suckling pig)[9][10][11][12]
- Clericó (or clericot), a sangria-like beverage that combines wine with chopped fruit.[13]
- Cider (apple, pineapple) and sparkling wine[6][11]
- Budín[10][11]
- Salads[6][10]
- Pionono[6][14]
- Matambre[14]
- Lengua a la vinagreta[14][15]
- Garrapiñadas, dried fruits and comfits[10][11][15][2]
- Mantecol[2]
- Sandwiches de miga[15]
- Pavita[2]
Australia
![](../I/m/Candy-Cane-Classic.jpg)
- White Christmas, a sweet slice made of copha and mixed fruit
- Cold ham and cold turkey[16]
- Seafood and salads[16]
- Roast chicken, ham and turkey[16]
- Stuffing[17]
- Christmas cake or Christmas pudding[16]
- Custard
- Gingerbread in Christmas shapes
- Christmas damper - in wreath or star shape, served with butter, jam, honey or golden syrup. Made in the Australian bush in the 19th century.[18]
- lollies, such as rocky road; rum balls; candy canes
- Champagne[19]
- Eggnog[20]
- Trifle
- Pavlova[17]
- Prawns
- Mince pie
- Ice cream
- Jelly
- Fish
- Cherries
- Lollipops
- Fruit platters with apples,cherries,bananas,mangos,coconuts,lychees,pawpaws (papayas),carrot sticks,snow peas,beans,etc.
- Potato Salad
- Nuts such as peanuts,ground nuts and pinenuts
- Doughnuts
- Strawberries and other berries
- Rice and bean salad
- Oysters
- Chocolates or Chocolate rolls
- Christmas cookies
Belgium
- Cougnou (with various like cougnolle), sweet bread in the form of the infant Jesus[21]
Brazil
![](../I/m/Panettone_-_Nicolettone_2017_-_IMG_7085_(31752542285).jpg)
- Lombo à Califórnia - pork loins
- Rabanada - French toast
- Leitão assado - Roasted piglet
- Peru - roast turkey
- Farofa
- Pavê - Trifle
- Ham
- Bacalhau - codfish
- Brazil nut
- Arroz à grega
- Potato salad
- Salpicão - chicken salad with raisins
- Panettone
- Crème caramel
- Mousse
- Cider
- Grape Juice
- Wine
Canada
- Apple cider
- Bûche de Noël
- Butter tarts
- Candy canes
- Christmas pudding
- Mandarin oranges (or Satsumas)
- Doughnuts
- Eggnog
- Fruitcake
- Gingerbread, often in the form of a Gingerbread house or Gingerbread man
- Mixed nuts in the shell and spiced nuts
- Tourtière (pâté à la viande and Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean varieties)
- Pumpkin pie
- Mince pie
- Roasted turkey
- Shortbread
- Stuffing
- Trifle
- Mashed Potatoes
- Hot chocolate
Chile
![](../I/m/Pan_de_pascua_chileno_2006.jpg)
- Cola de mono - (literally, "monkey's tail") A Chilean Christmas beverage, with aguardiente, milk, coffee, and flavoured with vanilla and cloves[22]
- Pan de Pascua - Chilean Christmas sponge cake flavoured with cloves and with bits of candied fruits, raisins, walnuts and almonds.[23]
- Roasted turkey
- Ponche a la romana - Eggnog-style beverage made of champagne and pineapple-flavoured icecream.
Colombia
Colombian Christmas dishes are mostly sweets and desserts. Some of the most popular dishes include:
- Buñuelos
- Natilla
- Manjar blanco
- Hojaldres
- Brevas dessert with cheese
- Christmas cookies
- Sweet bread filled with fruits like raisins and raspberries.
- Lechona (Rice baked inside a pig, with peas, the meat of the pig and other delicacies)
- Tamales
- Ponqué envinado (Red wine cake)
- Turkey
- Pernil de Cerdo (Pork leg, usually roasted)
- Potato salad
- Panettone
Cuba
- Crema De Vie - Cuban eggnog, made with condensed milk, rum, sugar syrup, lemon rind, cinnamon, and egg yolk.
- Majarete - corn pudding made with coconut milk, fresh corn, cornstarch, milk, water, vanilla, cinnamon and sugar
- Platillo Moros y Cristianos
- Lechon asado
- Turrón
Czech Republic and Slovakia
- Kapustnica - Christmas cabbage soup
- Fried Carp
- Potato salad with mayonnaise, hard-boiled eggs and boiled vegetables
- Vánoční cukroví - Christmas cookies
- Fruitcake
- Gingerbread
- Kuba - groats and mushrooms
The traditional meal (served as dinner on Christmas Eve) consists of either fish soup, mushroom soup, cabbage soup, lentil soup, pea soup and fried fish (traditionally carp) served with potato salad. Cabbage soup almost always contains mushrooms and may contain smoked meat or sausage. The recipe for potato salad differs slightly among every Czech or Slovak family. The main ingredients are: potato cooked with jacket, canned peas, onions, cooked carrots, parsley and celery, pickled gherkins, cooked eggs and mayonnaise. Some families may add grated apples or salami. The best potato salad is prepared a day before Christmas Eve so that all the ingredients can "mellow" for a day. The Christmas dinner should be the first food consumed that day. Those who do not break the Christmas shrove are believed to be able to see a golden pig.
Before the Christmas holidays, many kinds of sweet biscuits are prepared. The Christmas cookies are then served during the whole Christmas period and exchanged among friends and neighbours. Very popular is also a preparation of small ginger breads garnished by sugar icing.
Denmark
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- Æbleskiver - traditional Danish spherical pancakes (a type of doughnut with no hole), sprinkled with powdered sugar and served with raspberry or strawberry jam
- Roasted chestnuts with salt and butter
- boiled whole potatoes
- Brun sovs (brown sauce) - a traditional dark gravy, used to cover meat dishes like roasted pork and duck (flæskesteg, andesteg) and the boiled potato
- Brunede kartofler - caramelised potatoes
- Julebryg - Christmas beer[24]
- gløgg - mulled red wine combined with spices, sugar, raisins and chopped almonds typically served warm.
- risalamande - rice pudding. A dish made from rice, whipped cream and almonds, served cold with cherry sauce (kirsebærsauce)[25][26]
- Flæskesteg - roast pork with cracklings
- Andesteg - roast duck with apple and prune stuffing
- Rødkål - red cabbage pickled, sweet-sour red cabbage served hot as a side dish
- Christmas cookies - Vaniljekranse, klejner, jødekager, pebernødder, honningkager, brunkager and finskbrød.
- Konfekt, marzipan, caramelised fruits, nougat and chocolate-covered nuts.
- Ground nuts
Dominican Republic
- Moro de guandules con coco - rice with pigeon peas and coconut milk
- Ensalada verde - Iceberg lettuce, onions, cucumber and tomatoes salad
- Potato salad
- Macaroni salad
- Pasteles de hojas - a root tamales recipe and Christmas tradition adopted from Puerto Rico
- Pig roast
- Pollo al horno - roasted chicken
- Telera - Dominican bread similar to Mexican telera
Drinks:
- Anís del Mono - a Spanish anise-flavored liquor that's very popular around Christmas time
- Eggnog - with rum rather than brandy
- Jengibre - ginger tea is popular all over the Caribbean on Christmas (except Cuba and Puerto Rico). It is traditionally served hot with cinnamon
- Red wine
Desserts:
Finland
Christmas smorgasbord from Finland, "Joulupöytä", (translated "Yule table"), a traditional display of Christmas food[27] served at Christmas in Finland, similar to the Swedish smörgåsbord, including:
- Christmas ham with mustard (almost every family has one for Christmas)
- Freshly salted salmon (gravlax graavilohi) and whitefish graavisiika
- Pickled herring in various forms (tomato, mustard, matjes or onion sauces)
- Rosolli (cold salad dish with diced beetroot, potato and carrot - some varieties also incorporate apple)
- Lutefisk and Béchamel sauce[27]
- Whitefish and pikeperch
- Potato casserole[27] (sweetened or not, depending on preference)
- Boiled potatoes
- Carrot casserole[27]
- Rutabaga casserole (lanttulaatikko)[27]
- Various sauces
- Assortment of cheese, most commonly (leipäjuusto) and Aura (aura-juusto)
- Christmas bread, usually sweet bread (Joululimppu)
- Karelian pasties, rice pasties, served with egg-butter (Karjalanpiirakka)
Other meat dishes could be:
- Karelian hot pot, traditional meat stew originating from the region of Karelia (Karjalanpaisti)
Desserts:
- Rice pudding or rice porridge topped with cinnamon, sugar and cold milk or with mixed fruit soup (riisipuuro)
- Joulutorttu, traditionally a star-shaped piece of puff-pastry with prune marmalade in the middle
- Gingerbread,[27] sometimes in the form of a gingerbread house or gingerbread man (piparkakut)
- Mixed fruit soup or prune soup, kissel (sekahedelmäkiisseli, luumukiisseli)
Drinks:
- Glogg or mulled wine (glögi)
- Christmas beer (Jouluolut); local manufacturers produce Christmas varieties[28]
- "Home beer" (non-alcoholic beer-like drink, similar to the Russian beverage kvass) (kotikalja)
France
![](../I/m/Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg)
- Oysters[29]
- Foie gras[29]
- Smoked salmon
- Scallops
- Champagne
- Crêpes (Brittany)[30]
- chapon (roasted chicken)
- dinde aux marrons (chestnut-stuffed turkey)
- Ganzeltopf (goose) (Alsace)[29]
- Bûche de Noël.[31]
![](../I/m/Kouglof.png)
- Kouglof (Alsace)
- Thirteen desserts (Provence):[29] The thirteen desserts are the traditional Christmas dessert in the French region of Provence. The Christmas supper ends with 13 dessert items, representing Jesus Christ and the 12 apostles. The desserts are traditionally set out Christmas Eve and remain on the table three days until December 27.[32]
- Walnut
- Quince cheese[32]
- Almond
- Raisin
- Calisson of Aix-en-Provence
- Nougat blanc
- Nougat noir au miel
- Apple
- Pear
- Orange
- Winter melon
- Fougasse (Provençal bread)
Germany
![](../I/m/Stollen-Dresdner_Christstollen.jpg)
- Christstollen[33] Stollen is a fruitcake with bits of candied fruits, raisins, walnuts and almonds and spices such as cardamom and cinnamon; sprinkled with confectioners sugar. Often there's also a core of marzipan.[34]
- Pfefferkuchenhaus - a gingerbread house decorated with candies, sweets and sugar icing (in reference to the gingerbread house of the fairy tale Hänsel and Gretel)
- Printen[35]
- Oblaten Lebkuchen
- Springerle
- Weihnachtsplätzchen (Christmas cookies)
- Carp
- Roast goose
- Venison - e.g. meat of roe deer usually served with red cabbage, brussels sprout and lingonberry sauce
- Herring salad - salad of pickled or soused herring, beetroot, potatoes, apple
- Kartoffelsalat (potato salad) with Wurst (sausages) is traditionally eaten in northern Germany for supper on Christmas Eve
- Schäufele (a corned, smoked ham) usually served with potato salad in southern Germany for dinner on Christmas Eve.
- Weisswurst - sausages with veal and bacon, usually flavored with parsley, lemon, mace, onions, ginger and cardamom
- Feuerzangenbowle
- Glühwein (hot spiced wine)
Guatemala
Hong Kong
Hungary
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- Fish soup (halászlé) various recipes
- Stuffed cabbage (töltött káposzta)
- Roast goose
- Roast duck
- Pastry roll filled with walnut or poppy seed (bejgli)
- Bread pudding with poppy seed (mákos guba or bobájka)
- Szaloncukor
Iceland
![](../I/m/Risalamande.jpg)
- Hamborgarhryggur, a smoked, cured pork roast.
- Ptarmigan, gamebird in the grouse family.
- Hangikjöt
- Oven-roasted turkey
- Möndlugrautur - a Christmas rice pudding with an almond hidden inside (the same as the Swedish Julgröt)
- Caramelised potatoes, Icelandic. Brúnaðar kartöflur (same as in Danish cuisine).
- Pickled red cabbage
- Smákökur - small cookies of various sorts
- Laufabrauð - round, very thin flat cakes with a diameter of about 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches), decorated with leaf-like, geometric patterns and fried briefly in hot fat or oil.
India
Christianity is not a major religion of India, but Christians in India celebrate Christmas by enjoying several dishes, such as Allahabadi cake, Candy canes,Plum cakes etc. Some of the popular dishes eaten during Christmas in India are:
- Allahabadi cake.[36]
- Christmas cake - a type of fruit cake.[37]
- Mathri - a traditional flaky biscuit.
- Gulab Jamun - A traditional sweet prepared with khoa.
- Jalebi
- Kheer Boiled rice cooked with milk, sugar, saffron and is garnished with nuts such as almonds and pistachios. It can also be made with barley.
- Chhena Poda - A dessert made with Chhena (cottage cheese) which is slightly roasted and soaked in sugar syrup. It is garnished with cashew nuts and served. Chhena Poda is popular in the Odisha state of India. It is eaten during the Christmas season but is available throughout the year.
- chocolate covered fruit
- dumplings- dumplings filled with Indian spices with a sweet or savoury filling.
- tarts
- Neureos - a kind of dumpling made of semolina, khoa and nutlet.
- roast chicken
- Bebinca- A dessert popular in Goa which is eaten during Christmas season.
- Biryani
- Stew- Stews prepared with chicken, mutton, fish.
- candy canes
- Aloo Dum
- Vindaloo- A spicy Goan curry with pork made during Christmas.
- Fruits, such as apple, orange, guava.
- mixed nuts
- cupcakes
- drinks, such as cider, ginger ale, etc.
Church services are also held in churches throughout India, in which Christmas dinners are held which include dishes such as Allahabadi cake, candy canes, christmas cookies
Italy
Jamaica
- Christmas (fruit) cake or black cake - a heavy fruit cake made with dried fruit, wine and rum.
- sorrel - often served to guests with Christmas cake; Sorrel is made from the same sepals as Latin American drink "Jamaica," but is more concentrated and usually flavored with ginger. Adding rum is traditional at Christmas time.
- Curry goat
- Rice and peas - a Sunday staple, at Christmas dinner is usually made with green (fresh) gungo (pigeon) peas instead of dried kidney beans or other dried legumes.
- Christmas ham
- Chicken
- Pine and ginger
Japan
- Christmas cake - Different from the UK Christmas cake or American fruitcake, the Japanese style Christmas cake is often a white cream cake, sponge cake frosted with whipped cream, topped with strawberries and with a chocolate plate that says Merry Christmas,[43] though yule logs are also available.
- KFC fried chicken - With turkey as a dish being virtually unknown in Japan[44] the popularity of this item at Christmas is such that orders are placed as much as two months in advance.[45]
Lithuania
- Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper - twelve dishes representing the twelve Apostles or twelve months of the year - plays the main role in Lithuanian Christmas tradition. The traditional dishes are served on December 24.
Malaysia
- Bolo Rei - a type of cake
- Chap chye - a vegetable stew
- Devil's curry - from the Eurasian tradition
- Egg salad
- Vindaloo - A spicy Goan curry made usually with pork
- Semur (Indonesian stew)
- Christmas pudding
- Candy canes
Malta
- Panettone – from the Italian tradition
- fruit cake
- Christmas log – a log (similar to a tree's) that is made from chocolate and candied fruits
Mexico
![](../I/m/Roast_chicken.jpg)
- Meat
- Roasted turkey - Stuffed, roasted turkey served with gravy.
- Glazed ham - Ham glazed with honey or sugar dressed with cherries and pineapples.
- Jamón (Spanish Dry-Cured Ham)
- Lechon
- Seafood
- Stews
- Salads & other side dishes
- Tamales - Tamales can sometimes replace the traditional turkey or Bacalao with romeritos, particularly in northern and southern parts of Mexico.
- Ensalada Navideña - Christmas salad with apples, raisins, pecans, and marshmallows.
- Ensalada de Noche Buena - Christmas Eve salad
- Ensalada Rusa - Potato salad, particularly popular in northern states.
- Romeritos - also a Christmas tradition of the central region, romeritos are small green leaves similar to Rosemary mixed generally with mole and potatoes.
- Sweets
- Buñuelo - fried sweet pastry
- Capirotada - bread pudding
- Turrón
- Cocada - Coconut candy
- Volteado de piña - Pineapple upside-down cake. Turned-over cake with cherries and pineapples.
- Carlota de Chocolate - Cake
- Mantecados and polvorones - crumbly cakes
- Marzipan, almond cakes
- Pan dulce - sweet rolls
- Churros
- Fresh Fruit
- Drinks
- Champurrado- Thick hot chocolate
- Chocolate- Hot chocolate
- Cidra- Apple Cider
- Atole - Corn based drink
- Rompope - Similar to Eggnog
- Ponche Navideño - a hot, sweet drink made with apples, sugar cane, prunes and tejocotes. For grown-ups, ponche is never complete without its "piquete" - either tequila or rum
New Zealand
![](../I/m/Christmas_pavlova.jpg)
- Pavlova
- Ham
- Turkey
- Strawberries
- Christmas Pudding
- Christmas mince
- Wine
- Trifle
- Lollies such as Warheads and candy canes
- Potato salad
- Peanuts
- Cherries
Norway
![](../I/m/Freshly_baked_gingerbread_-_Christmas_2004.jpg)
- Akevitt - Akvavit, a spirit flavored with spices like caraway and aniseed
- Gløgg - mulled wine
- Julepølse - Pork sausage made with powdered ginger, cloves, mustard seeds and nutmeg. Served steamed or roasted.
- Lutefisk - fish preserved with lye that has been washed and boiled
- Pinnekjøt/Pinnekjøtt - salted, dried, and sometimes smoked lamb's ribs which are rehydrated and then steamed, traditionally over birch branches
- Svineribbe - pork ribs roasted whole with the skin on, rather than spare ribs
- Julegrøt - Christmas rice porridge with an almond hidden inside
- Julebrus - is a Norwegian soft drink, usually with a festive label on the bottle. It is brewed by most Norwegian breweries, as a Christmas drink for minors.
- Sossiser - small Christmas sausages
- Medisterkaker - large meatballs made from a mix of pork meat and pork fat
- Raudkål/Rødkål - sweet and sour red cabbage, as a side dish
- Kålrabistappe/Kålrotstappe - Purée of rutabaga, as a side dish
- Peparkake/Pepperkake - gingerbread-like spice cookies flavoured with black pepper
- Lussekatter - St. Lucia Buns with saffron
- Multekrem – A dessert consisting of cloudberries and whipped cream
Panama
- Arroz con Pollo
- Tamales
- Ham
- Turkey
- Grapes
- Fruit cake
- Egg nog
- Potato salad
- Pan de Rosca
- Pan Bon
Paraguay
- Apple cider
- Beef Tongue sometimes covered in vinaigrette
- cider
- Clericó (citric alcoholic Drink made out of a mix of fruits and wine)
- Roasted chicken
- Potato salad
- Roast pork
- Sopa paraguaya
Philippines
![](../I/m/Large_bibinka.jpg)
- Bibingka - traditional dessert made with rice flour, sugar, clarified butter and coconut milk. baked in layers and topped with butter and sugar.[46]
- Caldereta
- Ham[47]
- Mechado
- Menudo
- Morcon
- Pancit - Filipino style noodle dish made with sliced meat and vegetables
- Puto bumbong - a purple-coloured Filipino dessert made of sweet rice cooked in hollow bamboo tubes placed on a special steamer-cooker. When cooked, they are spread with margarine and sprinkled with sugar and grated coconut.[46]
- Queso de bola (edam cheese)[47]
- Salads (either fruit, coconut or garden)
- Lechon
Poland
12 dishes are served as a reminder of the 12 Apostles on Christmas Eve, 24 December. Polish people don't eat meat on this day, instead they choose from variety of fish and vegetable dishes. The meal begins when the first star is seen.
- barszcz (beetroot soup) with uszka (small dumplings) - a classic Polish Christmas starter.
- Pierogi with sauerkraut and forest mushrooms; filled with cottage cheese and potatoes
- Zupa rybna - fish soup
- Żurek - soup made of soured rye flour and meat
- Zupa grzybowa - mushroom soup made of various forest mushrooms
- Bigos - savory stew of cabbage and meat
- Kompot - traditional drink a light, refreshing drink most often made of dried or fresh fruit boiled in water with sugar and left to cool and infuse.
- Gołąbki - cabbage rolls
- Pieczarki marynowane - marinated mushrooms
- Kartofle gotowane - simple boiled potatoes sparkled with parsley or dill
- Kulebiak - with fish or cabbage and wild mushrooms filling
- Ryba smażona or ryba po grecku - fried fish laid under lyers of fried shreded carrots, onions, root celery and leek
- Sałatka jarzynowa - salad made with boiled potatoes and carrots with fresh peas, sweetcorn, dill cucumber, and boiled egg, mixed with mayonnaise.
- Łamaniec - type of flat and rather hard pancake that is soaked in warm milk with poppy seeds. Eaten in eastern regions such as around * Białystok
Portugal
![](../I/m/Bolo_Rei.jpg)
- Bacalhau – codfish
- Cabrito assado - roasted goat
- Borrego assado - roasted lamb
- Polvo cozido - boiled octopus
- Carne de Vinha d' Alhos - Mainly served in Madeira - Pork dish
- Bolo de mel - Mainly served in Madeira - Cake made with molasses
- Bolo Rei (king cake) - a beautifully decorated fluffy fruitcake
- Aletria - A dish traditionally from the north of the country
- Bolo-Rei escangalhado (broken king cake) - it is like the first one, but has also cinnamon and chilacayote jam (doce de gila)
- Bolo-Rainha (queen cake) - similar to Bolo-Rei, but with only nuts, raisins and almonds
- Bolo-Rei de chocolate - it is like the Bolo-Rei, but has less (or no) fruit, nuts, chilacayote jam and lots of chocolate chips
- Broa castelar - a small, soft and thin cake made of sweet potato and orange
- Fatias douradas - golden slices, known as french toast - slices of pan bread, soaked in egg with sugar, fried and sprinkled with powdered sugar and cinnamon
- Rabanadas - they are like fatias douradas, but made with common bread
- Formigos - a delicious dessert made with sugar, eggs, pieces of bread, almonds, port wine and powdered with cinnamon
- Filhós / Filhozes / Filhoses - depending on the region, they may be thin or fluffy pieces of a fried dough made of eggs, honey, orange, lemon, flour and anise, sprinkled - or not with icing sugar
- Coscorões - thin squares of a fried orange flavoured dough
- Azevias de grão, batata-doce ou gila - deep fried thin dough pastries filled with a delicious cream made of chickpea, sweet potato or chilacayote, powdered with sugar and cinnamon
- Tarte de amêndoa - almond pie
- Tronco de Natal - Christmas log - a delicious Swiss roll, resembling a tree's trunk, filled with chocolate cream, decorated with chocolate and mini - 2 cm Christmas trees
- Lampreia de ovos - a sweet made of eggs, well decorated
- Sonhos - an orange flavoured fried yeast dough, powdered with icing sugar
- Velhoses - they are like the sonhos, but made with pumpkin
- Bolo de Natal - Christmas cake
- Pudim de Natal - Christmas pudding, similar to flan
- Vinho quente - eggnog made with boiled wine, egg yolk, sugar and cinnamon
- Turkey - On the island of Terceira, turkey has recently taken over as the traditional Christmas dish over Bacalhau, due to the influence of American culture on the island, home to the United States Air Force's 65th Air Base Wing.
Puerto Rico
- Arroz con gandules - yellow-rice and pigeon peas with olives, capers, and pieces of ham.
- Ensalada de pulpo - octopus salad
- Escabeche - boiled green bananas and chicken gizzards in Puerto Rican style escabeche.
- Macaroni salad - with tuna and peppers
- Morcilla
- Pasteles
- Pasteles de platano
- Pasteles de yucca
- Pastelón - sweet plantain "lasagna".
- Pig roast - Puerto Rico is famous for their pig roast. It is also a part (along with arroz con gandules) of their national dish
- Potato salad - made with apples, chorizo and hard-boiled eggs.
Drinks:
- Coquito - Puerto Rican spiced coconut eggnog.
- Piña colada
- Rum punch - dark or light rum, pineapple rum, orange liqueur, grenadine, ginger ale, grapefruit juice served with lemon and lime slices.
- La Danza - Champagne with passion fruit juice, orange liqueur, lime juice, lemon juice, and strawberry juice.
Dessert:
- Arroz con dulce - coconut rice pudding with spices and raisins.
- Bread pudding - soaked in coconut milk and served with a guava rum sauce.
- Dulce de cassabanana - musk cucumber cooked in syrup topped with walnuts and sour cream on the side.
- Dulce de papaya con queso Boricua - spiced papaya candy in heavy syrup served with Puerto Rican white cheese.
- Flancocho - Crème caramel with a layer of cream cheese and Puerto Rican style spongecake underneath.
- Majarete - rice and coconut custard, made of coconut milk, milk, rice flour, sugar, and vanilla or sour orange leaves with cinnamon served on top.
- Rum cake
- Tembleque - a pudding made with cornstarch and coconut milk.
- Turrón - Sesame brittle or almond brittle
- Mantecaditos - Puerto Rican short bread cookies. Made with shortening, coconut butter, flour, almond flour, vanilla, nutmeg and almond extract. They are usually filled with guave jam or pineapple jam in the middle.
- Churros
Romania
![](../I/m/Bg-kozunak-1.jpg)
- Piftie - pork and beef based aspic, with pork meat, vegetables and garlic
- Cârnaţi - pork-based sausages
- Tobā - various cuttings of pork, liver boiled, diced and "packed" in pork stomach like a salami
- Sarmale - rolls of cabbage pickled in brine and filled with meat and rice (see sarma)
- Cozonac, sort of Romanian equivalent of panettone
- Strong spirits:
- Palinka
- Rachiu
- Ţuică
San Marino
Serbia
South Africa
- Beef Tongue
- Gammon
- Potato Salad
- Garden Salad
- Turducken
- Turkey
- Braaivleis
- Breyani
- Bobotie
- Meatballs
- Fried Chicken
- Trifle
- Fruitcake
- Christmas Pudding
- Ice Cream
- Milk Tart
- Peppermint Crisp Tart-Fridge Tart made from Peppermint Crisp, Caramel Treat and Tennis biscuits.
- Yogurt Tart -Fridge Tart
- Cookies
- Watermelon
- Melon
- Mango
- Pineapple
- Strawberries
- Peanuts
- Lollies such as candy canes
Spain
- Jamón (Spanish Dry-Cured Ham)
- Meat
- Roasted turkey
- Roasted lamb
- Seafood
- Langostinos - (king prawn)
- Shrimp
- Lobster
- Crab
- Gilt-head bream
- SweetsTurrón
- Turrón
- Yema - egg-based dessert
- Mantecados and polvorones - crumbly cakes
- Marzipan, almond cakes
- King cake known as roscón de Reyes in Spanish and tortell in Catalan.
- Churros[48]
Sweden
![](../I/m/Julbord.jpg)
- Julbord[49] - Christmas smorgasbord ("Christmas table"), a catch-all term for all the dishes served during Christmas Eve:
- Köttbullar - Swedish meatballs
- Julskinka - Christmas ham
- Dopp i grytan ("dipping in the kettle") - dipping bread slices in the ham broth after boiling the Christmas ham.[50]
- Prinskorv - small hot dog sausages
- Fläskkorv - big pork sausage
- Isterband - smoked fresh pork sausage
- Revbensspjäll - spare ribs
- Inlagd sill - pickled herring (usually of different types)
- Gravad lax - lox
- Janssons frestelse ("Jansson's Temptation") - warm scalloped potato casserole with anchovies
- Vörtlimpa - Swedish rye bread with grated orange peel made for Christmas, with or without raisins.
- Knäckebröd - dry crisp bread
- Rödkål - sweet and sour red cabbage, as a side dish
- Grönkål - sweet and sour kale as a side dish
- Brunkål ("brown cabbage")- cabbage flavoured with syrup hence the name
- Rödbetor - sliced beet root
- An array of cheeses - bondost, herrgårdsost, prästost, mesost (hard goat milk cheese)
- Lutfisk[51] - Lye-fish (whitefish) that has been boiled served with white gravy
- Julmust - a traditional, very sweet, stout-like, Christmas soft drink, originally intended as an alternative to alcohol beverage called Mumma
- Glögg - mulled wine
- Knäck or Christmas Butterscotch- Christmas toffee[52]
- Pepparkakor (Gingerbread) - brown cookies flavoured with a variety of traditional Christmas spices
- Julost - Christmas cheese
- Julgröt - Christmas rice pudding with an almond hidden inside
- Lussekatter - Saint Lucy saffron buns.
Trinidad and Tobago
In Trinidad and Tobago traditional meals consists of generous helpings of baked ham, pastelles, black fruit cake, sweet breads, along with traditional drinks such as sorrel, ginger beer, and ponche de crème. The ham is the main item on the Christmas menu with sorrel to accompany it.[53]
Christmas ham
Sorrel
Pastelles also known as Hallacas
Ponche de crème a version of eggnog
Black Cake
Sweetbread
Ukraine
Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christians in Ukraine traditionally have 2 Christmas dinners. The first one is a Lent Dinner, it is held on the January 6 and should consist of meatless dishes. The second one is a Christmas Festive dinner held on January 7, when the meat dishes and alcohol are already allowed on the table. The dinner normally has 12 dishes which represent Jesus's 12 disciples. Both Christmas dinners traditionally include a number of authentic Ukrainian dishes, which have over thousand-year history and date back to pagan times.
United Kingdom and Ireland
In the United Kingdom, what is now regarded as the traditional meal consists of roast turkey with cranberry sauce, served with roast potatoes and parsnips and other vegetables, followed by Christmas pudding, a heavy steamed pudding made with dried fruit, suet, and very little flour. Other roast meats may be served, and in the nineteenth century the traditional roast was goose. The same carries over to Ireland with some variations.
- Beef Wellington (alternative main course) [56]
- Brandy butter
- Bread sauce
- Brussels sprouts [57]
- Candy canes
- Chocolate yule log
- Christmas cake
- Christmas ham (usually a honey or marmalade glazed roast or boiled gammon joint)
- Christmas pudding [58]
- Cranberry sauce [59]
- Devils on horseback [60]
- Dundee cake (traditional Scottish fruit cake)
- Gingerbread [61]
- Gravy [62]
- Hot chocolate
- Mince pies [63]
- Mulled wine [64]
- Nut roast (a popular vegetarian alternative)
- Pigs in a blanket (Chipolata sausages wrapped in bacon)
- Roast turkey [63]
- Roast beef
- Roasted chestnuts [65]
- Roast duck
- Roast goose
- Roast pheasant
- Roast parsnips and carrots
- Roast potatoes (occasionally roasted with goose or duck fat) [66]
- Spiced beef (traditionally served in Northern Ireland & Eire)
- Stuffing
- Trifle [67]
- Tunis Cake
- Twelfth Night Cake (traditionally eaten on the final day of Christmas) [68]
United States
![](../I/m/Thanksgiving_Turkey.jpg)
- Apple cider
- Boiled custard
- Candy canes
- Champagne, or sparkling apple cider
- Chocolate fudge
- Christmas cookies
- Cranberry sauce
- Eggnog
- Fish as part of the Feast of the Seven Fishes
- Fruitcake
- Gingerbread, often in the form of a gingerbread house or gingerbread man
- Christmas ham
- Hot buttered rum
- Hot chocolate
- Mashed potato
- Mixed nuts
- Oyster stew, composed of oysters simmered in cream or milk and butter.
- Persimmon pudding
- Pie
- Yams/ sweet potato casserole ( with marshmallow)
- Russian tea cakes
- Tom and Jerry
- Roast turkey, less often roast duck, goose, or pheasant
- Stuffing, also known as dressing, particularly in the Southern U.S.
See also: Thanksgiving (the dishes tend to be similar)
Venezuela
![](../I/m/Hallaca_at_La_Casa_de_Pedro.jpg)
- Hallaca - rectangle-shaped meal made of maize, filled with beef, pork, chicken, olives, raisins and caper, and wrapped in plantain leaves and boiled to cook.
- Pan de jamón - ham-filled bread with olives and raisins and often sliced cheese.
- Dulce de lechosa - dessert made of cooked sliced unripe papaya in reduced sugar syrup
- Ensalada de gallina - salad made of potato, carrot, apple and shredded chicken (hen usually home or locally raised as opposed to store bought chicken)
- Pernil[69] - Commonly referred to as roast pork
See also
- Christmas dinner
Food portal Holidays portal
References
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- 1 2 "¿Qué dulces no pueden faltar en estas fiestas?" (in Spanish). Kantar Worldpanel. December 23, 2016. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
- ↑ "Receta del Vitel Thoné de Argentina" (in Spanish). SaborGourmet.com. November 9, 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ↑ "Vitel toné" (in Spanish). Clarín.com. June 16, 2005. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Juicio a la mesa de Navidad: los platos típicos tienen el doble de calorías y cuestan 70% más" (in Spanish). Clarín.com. December 21, 2012. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ↑ "Navidad y los excesos en las comidas" (in Spanish). Cocineros Argentinos. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ↑ "El abecé del mejor pan dulce" (in Spanish). Clarín.com. December 19, 2012. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
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- ↑ "La carne lo más caro del menú navideño". El Tribuno (in Spanish). December 10, 2012. Archived from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
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- 1 2 "Santa's Net: Recipes". Santas.net. Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
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- ↑ "Recipe for Egg Nog for Christmas There is nothing that makes Christmas feel more special like a glass of egg nog!". Luv-a-Duck. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ Florence Fadier-Rotsaert. "Thème: Histoire de rond et de cougnou" (in French). Archived from the original on 2007-05-27. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
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- ↑ Blazes, Marian. "Chilean Holiday Fruitcake - Pan de Pascua". southamericanfood.about.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ "Danish food and drink". University of Southern Denmark. Archived from the original on 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ↑ "Rice pudding". Archived from the original on 2006-09-25. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ "Christmas in Europe, Where's Santa?". SourceWire. 2005-12-13. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Christmas cookbook". thisisFINLAND. Archived from the original on 2011-06-23. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ↑ "Jouluoluet testissä - Ruoka.fi". Ruoka.fi (in Finnish). 2012-11-29. Archived from the original on 2015-03-22. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
- 1 2 3 4 "French Christmas: It's all about the food". Expatica. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ↑ "French Food & Recipes". Archived from the original on 6 April 2006. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ Eats, Serious. "Jacques Torres on the Bûche de Noël". www.seriouseats.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- 1 2 "Christmas traditions in Provence". Provenceweb.fr. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ Klaus Stahl/Chris Cave (2006). "It's all Napoleon's Fault - The success story of the Aachen Printe". Archived from the original on 2007-12-27. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
- ↑ "German Christmas Recipes 2". German.about.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ Stradley, Linda (2004). "History of Stollen, Dresden Stollen". Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ "Cakewalk in Allahabad - Times Of India". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
- ↑ "Getting the Christmas cake mix right - Times Of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2013-12-14. Archived from the original on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
- ↑ "Christmas in Italy". The Worldwide Gourmet. Archived from the original on 2007-09-20. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ Martiche, Nicole (16 November 2006). "The legend of Panettone". Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ "Panettone or Pandoro: An Italian Christmas Dilemma - Italy". www.lifeinitaly.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ "Christmas in the kitchen: Tuscan delicacies on the table - turismo.intoscana.it". www.turismo.intoscana.it. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- 1 2 "Christmas in Italy means...bollicine! - BrowsingItaly". 26 November 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ Kahle, Lynn R.; Chʻung-hyŏn Kim (2006). Creating Images and the Psychology of Marketing Communication. Routledge. p. 48. ISBN 0-8058-5216-6.
- ↑ "An Introduction to Christmas Traditions". BBC. 2005-12-23. Archived from the original on 2010-11-03. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
- ↑ Whipp, Lindsay (2010-12-20). "All Japan Wants for Christmas is Kentucky Fried Chicken". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
- 1 2 Galang, Diana A. (2007-12-09). "Culturefront: Christmas Culinary Traditions (Part 1)". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
- 1 2 Burgos, Rowena (2007-12-23). "Yuletide fusion of flavors". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2008-02-22. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
- ↑ Mama's Box - Online Spanish food Shop. "The definitive guide to Spanish Christmas food, in 20 delicious & easy recipes". Archived from the original on 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2015-12-10.
- ↑ "Julmat - Allt som tillhör ett gott julbord en riktig god julmiddag". Ninasmat.se. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ "Tips på recept på Dopp-i-grytan". Matklubben.se. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ "Lutfisk med senapssås". Ica.se. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
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- ↑ National Library of Trinidad and Tobago. "CHRISTMAS IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO". Archived from the original on 2015-11-12. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
- ↑ "Uzvar - Ukrainian recipes - for a tasty life". Ukrainian recipes - for a tasty life. Archived from the original on 2018-01-09.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-09. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
- ↑ "Gordon Ramsay's beef Wellington". goodtoknow. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ Schroedter, Ulrike. "Christmas in Britain". Archived from the original on 2007-03-21. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
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- ↑ "Cranberry sauce". BBC Good Food. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ "Easy devils on horseback - Tesco Real Food". Tesco Real Food. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ "Christmas gingerbread men". BBC Food. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ "Mary Berry". www.maryberry.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- 1 2 "Christmas? What a waste!". BBC News. 2005-12-13. Archived from the original on 2008-12-23. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ "Mary Berry". www.maryberry.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
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- ↑ BBC. "Roast Potatoes Recipe". Archived from the original on 2010-11-18.
- ↑ Naylor, Tony (18 December 2012). "How to eat: trifle". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ "Twelfth Night cake". National Trust. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ↑ "Pernil (Roast Pork)". The Rican Chef. Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
External links
- Christmas recipes at Curlie (based on DMOZ)