Raton Pass

Ratón Pass is a 7,834 ft (2,388 m) elevation mountain pass on the Colorado-New Mexico border in the western United States. Ratón is Spanish for "mouse". It is located on the eastern side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains between Trinidad, Colorado and Raton, New Mexico, approximately 180 miles (290 km) northeast of Santa Fe. The pass crosses the line of volcanic mesas that extends east from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains along the state line, and furnishes the most direct land route between the valley of the Arkansas River to the north and the upper valley of the Canadian River, leading towards Santa Fe, to the south. The pass now carries Interstate 25 and railroad tracks.

This article is about the geographic location. For the 1951 film, see Raton Pass (film).
Ratón Pass
Amtrak's Southwest Chief westbound out of the Raton Tunnel near the summit of Raton Pass
Elevation7,834 ft (2,388 m)
Traversed by I-25 / US 85 / US 87,
Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad
LocationColfax County, New Mexico and Las Animas County, Colorado, US
Coordinates36°59′28″N 104°29′12″W[1]
Topo mapRatón
Raton Pass
Looking north from the top of Raton Pass
Nearest cityTrinidad, Colorado, Raton, New Mexico
Area1,520 acres (620 ha)
Built1866 (1866)
NRHP reference No.66000474[2]
CSRHP No.5LA.2182[3]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966
Designated NHLDecember 19, 1960[4]

The pass is a historically significant landmark on the Santa Fe Trail, a major 19th-century settlement route between Kansas City, Missouri and Santa Fe. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960 for this association.

History

In 1821, Captain William Becknell laid the path of the Santa Fe Trail through the pass. In 1846 during the Mexican–American War, Stephen W. Kearny and his troops passed through the pass en route to New Mexico. During the Civil War, it was the primary path into New Mexico since it avoided Confederate raiders.[4] It was later developed into a toll road by Richens Lacey Wootton.

Railroad route

In the late 19th century, it was used by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway as the railroad's primary route through the mountains. Along with the Royal Gorge in Colorado the pass was one of the focal points for the 1878–1879 Railroad Wars between the AT&SF and the smaller Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. The route over the pass required gradients of up to 3.5%, with a tunnel at the highest point of the AT&SF, at 7588 feet above sea level. The tunnel is entirely within New Mexico, with its northern portal only a few feet south of the Colorado border.[5]

BNSF Railway, which absorbed the Santa Fe railroad in 1996, and Amtrak continue to use this route. However, following completion of the Belen Cutoff in 1908, the majority of freight traffic was diverted over the Cutoff, which has gradients of no more than 1.25%. Amtrak's Southwest Chief passenger service between Chicago and Los Angeles, continues to use Raton Pass (one train daily in each direction). In 2012, there was not enough freight traffic for BNSF to maintain the line up to the standards required by Amtrak for continued intercity service. This problem has placed the future of rail transportation over Raton Pass in jeopardy.[6] As of 2012 BNSF operates little to no revenue freight service over the pass between La Junta, Colorado, and Lamy, New Mexico, leaving Amtrak's Southwest Chief as the only daily revenue train to occupy the route.

Highway route

In the 20th century the Pass became the route of U.S. Route 85 and later Interstate 25 between Denver and Albuquerque. The road at the pass is at an elevation of 7834 feet above sea level, and therefore is subject to difficult driving and occasional closure during heavy winter snowfalls.

The pass was part of a Townes Van Zandt song "Snowin' on Raton". During a live performance, Townes commented how he liked playing a show in Colorado because he didn't have to explain what Raton was.

The 1951 western movie named Raton Pass stars Academy Award actress Patricia Neal.

Raton Pass is mentioned in C. W. McCall's (Bill Fries) song "Four Wheel Cowboy", from his album Wilderness. "Four Wheel Cowboy" also appears on his compilation release, titled "The Best of C. W. McCall".

Clint Black makes reference to the Raton Pass in the song "The Goodnight-Loving" from the album "Put Yourself in My Shoes."

Ridin' against the wind in east New Mexico,
His skin is dry and worn as the Texas plains.
He's headed where the air is thin and the cold blue northers blow,
Up through the Raton Pass, but he'll have to beat the early snow,[7]
  • Amtrak's Southwest Chief entering the north end of the tunnel
  • Sign marking the elevation of the Raton Pass tunnel

See also

References
  1. "Ratón Pass". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2010-01-03.
  2. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  3. "State Register of Historic Properties, Las Animas County". Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  4. "Raton Pass". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
  5. Harper, Jared V. "Santa Fe's Raton Pass". (1983, Kachina Press). ISBN 0930724097.
  6. Colorado State Legislature, Preserve & Expand Amtrak Interstate Rail Service p2 Section 1(b)(c)
  7. Black, Clint. "The Goodnight Lovin'". CowboyLyrics.com. Retrieved 19 September 2014.

Further reading
  • Drury, George H. (1995). Santa Fe in the Mountains: Three Passes of the West : Raton, Cajon, and Tehachapi. The Golden Years of Railroading (1st ed.). Kalmbach Publishing. ISBN 0-89024-229-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Harper, Jared V. (1983). Santa Fe's Raton Pass (1st ed.). Kachina Press. ISBN 0-930724-09-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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