See also: , , , , , , and
U+5E72, 干
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E72

[U+5E71]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5E73]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

(radical 51, 干+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一十 (MJ), four-corner 10400, composition)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 339, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9165
  • Dae Jaweon: page 645, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 405, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E72

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
*kaːn
竿 *kaːn
*kaːn
*kaːn
*kaːn
*kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
*kaːn
*kaːn, *ɡaːns
*kaːn
*kaːn, *ɡaːn
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːns
*kaːns
*kaːns
*kaːns
*kaːns, *ɡraːns
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kʰaːn
*kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
*kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
*ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
*ŋɡaːns
*qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
*qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
*qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
*qʰaːnʔ
*ɡaːn
*ɡaːnʔ
*ɡaːnʔ
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
*ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡʷranʔ
*ɡraːns
*kan
*ɡan, *ɡʷad
*qʰan
*qʰan
*qʰaːŋʔ
*ɡʷaːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a pestle.

Also borrowed phonetically as a simplification of and .

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“dry; moistureless; waterless; arid; to dry; to exhaust; etc.”).
(This character, , is the simplified form of .)
Notes:

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“main part of something; body; trunk; to do; etc.”).
(This character, , is the simplified form of .)
Notes:

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with (OC *ɡaːns, “to shield; to protect”), (OC *ɡaːns, “gate”). Compare Tibetan འགལ ('gal, to go against, to violate, to contradict), Burmese ကာ (ka, shield; to shield; to block).

Pronunciation 1



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kan/
Li
Rong
/kɑn/
Wang
Li
/kɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gān
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gān gān gān gān
Middle
Chinese
‹ kan › ‹ kan › ‹ kan › ‹ kan ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁar/ /*kˁa[r]/ /*kˁar/ /*kˁar/
English pole shield (n.) piece, item (placename)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3570
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kaːn/
Definitions

  1. to concern; to be implicated in; implication
  2. a shield
  3. to request; to ask
  4. to offend; to encroach on
  5. to interfere; to intervene
  6. bank; edge of water bodies
    • 江干
  7. 8th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "opposition" (𝌍)
  8. Short for 天干 (tiāngān, “heavenly stem”).
  9. group (of people)
  10. Alternative form of (gān, “dry”).
  11. Alternative form of (jiàn, “brook; stream”).
  12. Alternative form of (gān, “rock”).
  13. A surname.
Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

  1. to defend
  2. to establish

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“prison; a kind of wild dog”).
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“Gan River;, a province of China.; etc.”).
(This character, , is the second-round simplified form of .)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. shield
  2. interfere, invade
  3. dry

Readings

Compounds

shield
interfere, invade
dry

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 방패 (bangpae gan))

  1. shield

Vietnamese

Han character

(can, cơn, càn, cán)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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