半

半 U+534A, 半
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-534A
← 卉
[U+5349] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卋 →
[U+534B]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

半 (radical 24, 十+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 火手 (FQ), four-corner 90500, composition ⿻丷⿻二丨(GHTJV) or ⿻八⿻二丨(K))

  1. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №18

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 156, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2707
  • Dae Jaweon: page 354, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 46, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+534A

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 半

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (半) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
半 *paːns
絆 *paːns
靽 *paːns
姅 *paːns, *pʰaːns
拌 *pʰaːn, *baːnʔ
拚 *pʰaːn, *brons, *pʰaːn, *puns
坢 *pʰaːnʔ
判 *pʰaːns
泮 *pʰaːns
頖 *pʰaːns
胖 *pʰaːns
冸 *pʰaːns
牉 *pʰaːns
柈 *baːn
伴 *baːnʔ, *baːns
叛 *baːns
畔 *baːns
袢 *ban

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 八 + 牛.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par. Related to 畔 (OC *baːns, “bank between fields”), which is an endopassive of 半 (OC *paːns, “half”), lit. "be separated from".

Pronunciation
Note:
  • pòaⁿ - vernacular;
  • poàn - literary.
Rime
Character 半
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 博慢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /puɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʷɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /puɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pwanH/
Li
Rong		 /puɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /puɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /puɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 半
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ panH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˁan-s/
English half

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 半
Reading # 1/1
No. 243
Phonetic
component		 半
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 半
Old
Chinese		 /*paːns/

Definitions

半

  1. half
    全國人口的一半 / 全国人口的一半  ―  quánguó rénkǒu de yībàn  ―  half of the national population
    一磅半 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 bong6 bun3 [Jyutping]  ―  1½ pounds
    十點半 / 十点半 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 dim2 bun3 [Jyutping]  ―  10:30
  2. very little
  3. halfway, partially, semi-
    半醉半醒  ―  bàn zuì bàn xǐng  ―  partially in a stupor, partially awake

Compounds
Derived terms from 半

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji
半

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. half

Readings

Compounds
Derived terms

Noun

半 (hiragana はん, rōmaji han)

  1. odd (especially of dice)

Prefix

半 (hiragana はん, rōmaji han-)

  1. half, semi-
    半 (はん)年 (とし)
    hantoshi
    semiannual
    半 (はん)世 (せい)紀 (き)
    hanseiki
    semicentennial
Antonyms

Suffix

半 (hiragana はん, rōmaji -han)

  1. half
    四 (よん)倍 (ばい)半 (はん)
    yon bai han
    four times and a half
    二 (に)十 (じゅう)二 (に)年 (ねん)半 (はん)
    nijūni nen han
    twenty-two years and a half

Korean

Hanja

半 (eumhun 반 반 (ban ban))

  1. Hanja form? of 반 (“half”).

Compounds
  • 半導體 (반도체, bandocheh)
  • 半指 (반지, banji)
  • 半球 (반구, bangu)
  • 韓半島 (한반도, hanbando)
  • 過半數 (과반수, gwabansu)
  • 半齒音 (반치음, banchieum)

Vietnamese

Han character

半: Hán Việt readings: bán (博(bác)漫(mạn)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
半: Nôm readings: bán[1][2][3][4][5][6], bớn[3][4][5][6], bướng[3][7], vắn[1], búng[2], bận[3], ban[3], bướn[5]

  1. Hán tự form of bán (“half”).
  2. Nôm form of bán (“to sell”).
  3. Nôm form of bớn.

Compounds
Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Hồ (1976).
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