口
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Usage notes
This character (口) is used within characters; if a square is instead used as an enclosure (around) a character, then the character 囗 is used instead.
Han character
口 (radical 30, 口+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 口 (R), four-corner 60000, composition ⿰丨コ or ⿱冂一)
- Kangxi radical #30, ⼝.
- Shuōwén Jiězì radical №22
Derived characters
- Index:Chinese radical/口
References
- KangXi: page 171, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3227
- Dae Jaweon: page 379, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 566, character 14
- Unihan data for U+53E3
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
口 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 𠙵 𠮚 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 口 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (口) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 口 | *kʰoːʔ |
| 叩 | *kʰoːʔ |
| 扣 | *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoːs |
| 釦 | *kʰoːʔ |
| 筘 | *kʰoːs |
Pictogram (象形) – resembles an open mouth.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ku(w) (“mouth”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
口
Synonyms
Compounds
Derived terms from 口
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Japanese
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 口 |
| くつ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/kutu/ → /kut͡su/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kutuy. Appears in compound terms listed in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 938 CE.
The ancient combining form of modern reading kuchi.[1] Likely the original form.
No longer productive in modern Japanese. Only found in older compounds.
There are interesting potential phonetic and semantic overlaps with Middle Chinese 窟 (MC kʰuət̚, “hole; cave”), 口 (MC kʰəuX, “mouth; opening; hole”); Korean 굳 (gut), 굿 (gut, “hole; hollow; cavity”); possibly even Ainu クㇳ (kut), クッチ (kutchi, “throat”). One possibility is that these represent prehistoric nativized borrowings from Chinese. However, there is yet no clear evidence of relatedness.
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]
- The pitch accent is derived from the entire compound word.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 口 |
| くち Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
*/kutu i/ → /kuti/ → /kut͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kutuy. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]
Shift from kutu above, probably by fusion with ancient nominal particle い (i). Compare the phonetic development of 神 (kami, “spirit, god”) from kamu + i, 木 (ki, “tree”) from ko + i, 目 (me, “eye”) from ma + i.
Noun
Derived terms
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 口 |
| く Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 口 (MC kʰəuX). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing.
Noun
Counter
- used to count people
- used to count per-person portions
- used to count open-mouthed containers
- used to count bladed weapons or tools
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 口 |
| こう Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 口 (MC kʰəuX). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3532), text here
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- The Oxford Starter Japanese Dictionary. →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Kunigami
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʰut͡ɕiː/
Miyako
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɸɨt͡ɕɨ/
Okinawan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kut͡ɕi/
Compounds
- 油口 (あんだぐち, andaguchi): compliment
- 油口ゃー (あんだぐちゃー, andaguchaa): flatterer
- 沖縄口 (うちなーぐち, uchinaaguchi): Okinawan language
- うらんだ口 (うらんだぐち, urandaguchi): European language, Western language
- 書ち口, 書口 (かちぐち, kachiguchi): written language
- 口しば (くちしば, kuchishiba): lips
- 島口 (しまぐち, shimaguchi): island language, local language
- 唐口 (とーぐち, tooguchi): Chinese language
- 那覇口 (なーふぁぐち, naafaguchi): Naha dialect
- 目口 (みーくち, miikuchi): facial expression
- 大和口 (やまとぅぐち, yamatuguchi): standard Japanese language
Vietnamese
References
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
Yaeyama
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fu̻t͡sɨ/
Yonaguni
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tˀi/
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