午

See also: 牛 and 干

午	U+5348, 午 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5348

← 升
[U+5347]

CJK Unified Ideographs

卉 →
[U+5349]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

午 (radical 24, 十+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人十 (OJ) or X人十 (XOJ), four-corner 8040₀, composition ⿱𠂉十 or ⿰丿干)

References

KangXi: page 156, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2703

Dae Jaweon: page 354, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 406, character 1

Unihan data for U+5348

Chinese

simp. and trad.		午

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 午
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
卸	*sŋjaːs
汻	*hŋaːŋʔ
滸	*hŋaːʔ
午	*ŋaːʔ
仵	*ŋaːʔ
旿	*ŋaːʔ
忤	*ŋaːs
迕	*ŋaːs
杵	*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞	*ŋaʔ
蘌	*ŋaʔ
篽	*ŋaʔ
禦	ŋaʔ, ŋas
許	*hŋaʔ
御	*ŋas

Pictogram (象形) – in the form of a pestle (杵 (chǔ)).

Etymology 1

Norman (1985) proposed connection with Austroasiatic; Ferlus (2013) noted a "[g]ood correspondence" between Proto-Vietic *m-ŋəːʔ (whence Vietnamese ngựa) and Old Chinese reconstructions like *m-qʰˁaʔ (Baxter-Sagart) and *ᵀs.ŋaʔ (Ferlus).

Alternatively, Smith (2011) proposed 午 (OC ŋaaʔ)'s cognacy with 啎 (OC *ŋaas) "to meet head on" and 御 (OC *ŋraas) "to meet in (battle)" and suggested that "the moon at its full phase opposes the sun directly in the sky, meaning *ŋaaʔ 午 is probably to be glossed, given *-ʔ , ‘facing stage’". Schuessler (2007) regarded 午 (OC ŋâh) "to go against" as a mere graphic variant of 啎 and thus deemed the sense "to go against" distinct from the "earthly branch" sense.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wǔ (wu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ng⁵
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gó͘ / ngó͘ / gō͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: wǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˇ
  - Wade–Giles: wu³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuu
  - IPA ^(key): /u²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ng⁵
  - Yale: ńgh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ng⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ng⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋ̍¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gó͘
  - Tâi-lô: góo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gor
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngor
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō͘
  - Tâi-lô: gōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: go
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /gɔ³³/

Note:

gó͘/ngó͘ - literary;
gō͘ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngóu
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋou⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /ŋuo^X/▼

Rime
Character	午
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	疑古切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuo^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋo^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɔ^X/
Li Rong	/ŋo^X/
Wang Li	/ŋu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋuo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wǔ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[m].qʰˤaʔ/, /*m-qʰˤaʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	午	午
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wǔ	wǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngu^X ›	‹ ngu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[m].qʰˁaʔ/	/*m-qʰˁaʔ/
English	7th earthly branch	resist; cross-wise
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	午
Reading #	1/1
No.	13169
Phonetic component	午
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	五
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːʔ/

Definitions

午

the seventh of twelve earthly branches:
1. (historical or astrology) the seventh year of the Jovian orbital cycle
2. (archaic) the fifth month of the Chinese traditional calendar
3. (historical or archaic) the "Chinese" or "double hour" from 11 am to 1 pm
4. noon (precisely)

Coordinate terms

(earthly branches) 地支; 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Hypernyms

(as an earthly branch): 地支 (dìzhī)
(as precisely noon): 小時／小时 (xiǎoshí), 時候／时候 (shíhou)

Compounds

上午 (shàngwǔ)
下午 (xiàwǔ)
下午茶 (xiàwǔchá)
中午 (zhōngwǔ)
交午
亭午 (tíngwǔ)
亭午夜分
傍午 (bāngwǔ)
午井 (Wǔjǐng)
午前 (wǔqián)
午夜 (wǔyè)
午夜牛郎
午宴 (wǔyàn)
午後／午后 (wǔhòu)
午日 (Wǔrì)
午時／午时 (wǔshí)
午正
午炮

午牌 (wǔpái)
午睡 (wǔshuì)
午覺／午觉 (wǔjiào)
午錯／午错
午門／午门 (wǔmén)
午間／午间 (wǔjiān)
午飯／午饭 (wǔfàn)
午餐 (wǔcān)
卓午
卯酉子午
向午
子午卯酉
子午線／子午线
子午蓮／子午莲
工作午餐
庭午
打午尖
旁午

晌午 (shǎngwu)
晌午歪
正午 (zhèngwǔ)
營養午餐／营养午餐
甲午戰爭／甲午战争
當午／当午
祁奚舉午／祁奚举午
端午 (Duānwǔ)
端午節／端午节 (Duānwǔjié)
紅日當午／红日当午
舛午
蜂午並起／蜂午并起
西午 (Xīwǔ)
過午／过午
重午
題鳳題午／题凤题午
餉午／饷午

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 午 – see 舞 (“dance; to dance; etc.”). (This character, 午, is the second-round simplified form of 舞.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

午

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

noon

Readings

Go-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
Kun: うま (uma, 午)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
午
うま Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From 馬 (uma, “horse”)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) うま [ùmáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
- IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝma̠]
Homophone: 馬

Proper noun

午 (hiragana うま, rōmaji Uma)

the Horse, the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
午
ご Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 午 (ngu^X)

Proper noun

午 (hiragana ご, rōmaji Go)

the Horse, the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches

Korean

Hanja

午 • (o)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 오 (revised: o, McCune–Reischauer: o, Yale: o)
- Name (hangeul): 낮

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Vietnamese

Han character

午 (ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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