List of metro systems

The Shanghai Metro is the longest metro system by route length.
The Beijing Subway is the metro system with the highest ridership.
The New York City Subway has the most stations.
The London Underground is the oldest metro system.

This list of metro systems includes electrified rapid transit train systems worldwide. In some cases, metro systems are referred to as subways, U-Bahns or undergrounds. As of December 2017, 182 cities[1] in 56 countries around the world host the approximately 185 metro systems that are listed here. The London Underground first opened as an "underground railway" in 1863 and its first electrified underground line opened in 1890,[2] making it the world's first metro system.[3] The metro system with the longest route length is the Shanghai Metro;[1][4] the busiest one is the Beijing Subway;[5][4] and the one with the most stations is the New York City Subway.[4]

Considerations

The International Association of Public Transport (L'Union Internationale des Transports Publics, or UITP) defines metro systems as urban passenger transport systems, "operated on their own right of way and segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic".[6][7] The terms Heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail are essentially synonymous with the term "metro".[8][9][10] Heavy rail systems are also specifically defined as an "electric railway".[8][9]

The dividing line between metro and other modes of public transport, such as light rail[8][9] and commuter rail,[8][9] is not always clear, and while UITP only makes distinctions between "metros" and "light rail",[6] the U.S.'s American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) distinguish all three modes.[8][9] A common way to distinguish metro from light rail is by their separation from other traffic. While light rail systems may share roads or have level crossings, a metro system runs, almost always, on a grade-separated exclusive right-of-way, with no access for pedestrians and other traffic. And in contrast to commuter rail or light rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequencies and substantially higher passenger volume capacities. Furthermore, most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is however not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead line.

The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. Some cities use metro as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded light rail that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data. Certain transit networks may match the service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are sometimes known as S-Bahn, suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included in this list. Neither are funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transport systems.

This list counts metros separately when multiple metros in one city or metropolitan area have separate owners or operating companies. This list expressly does not aim at representing the size and scope of the total rapid transit network of a certain city or metropolitan area. The data of this list should not be used to infer the size of a city's, region's, or country's urban rail transit systems, or to establish a ranking. Doing so would in many cases lead to a gross misrepresentation.

Legend

The locations of all the world's metro systems
Countries with metro systems
City
Primary city served by the metro system.
Country
Sovereign state in which the metro system is located.
Name
The most common English name of the metro system (and the connecting article for that system).
Year opened
The year the metro system was opened for commercial service at metro standards. In other words, parts of the system may be older, but as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network, so the year that the system obtained metro standards (e.g. electrified) is the one listed.
Year of last expansion
The last time the metro system was expanded in terms of the system length or number of stations.
Stations
The number of stations in the metro network, with stations connected by transfer counted as one.
System length
The system length of a metro network is the sum of the lengths of all routes in the rail network in kilometers/miles. Each route is counted only once, regardless of how many lines pass over it, and regardless of whether it is single-track or multi-track, single carriageway or dual carriageway.
Ridership
The number of unique journeys on the metro system every year. There is a major discrepancy between the ridership figures: some metro systems count transferring between lines as multiple journeys, but others do not.

List

This list is sortable. Click on the icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.

City Country Name Year
opened
Year of last
expansion
Stations System length Annual Ridership
(millions)
Algiers  Algeria Algiers Metro 2011[11] 2018[12] 17[Nb 1] 18.5 km (11.5 mi)[13] 28.4 (2016)[R 1]
Buenos Aires  Argentina Buenos Aires Underground 1913 2018[Nb 2][14] 87[14] 54.7 km (34.0 mi)[14] 317.7 (2017)[R 2]
Yerevan  Armenia Yerevan Metro 1981[15] 1996[16] 10[15] 13.4 km (8.3 mi)[15] 15.4 (2016)[R 3]
Vienna  Austria Vienna U-Bahn 1976[17][Nb 3] 2017[18] 98[19] 83.3 km (51.8 mi)[17] 453.6 (2017)[R 4]
Baku  Azerbaijan Baku Metro 1967[20] 2016[Nb 4] 25[20] 36.7 km (22.8 mi)[20] 217.5 (2016)[R 3]
Minsk  Belarus Minsk Metro 1984[21] 2014[21][Nb 5] 29[22] 37.3 km (23.2 mi)[22] 291.0 (2016)[R 3]
Brussels  Belgium Brussels Metro 1976[23] 2009[Nb 6] 59[23][Nb 7] 39.9 km (24.8 mi)[24] 151.6 (2017)[R 5]
Belo Horizonte  Brazil Belo Horizonte Metro 1986[25] 2002[25] 19[26] 28.1 km (17.5 mi)[27] 58.8 (2017)[R 6]
Brasília  Brazil Brasília Metro 2001[28] 2010[28] 24[29] 42.4 km (26.3 mi)[29] 36.6 (2017)[R 7]
Porto Alegre  Brazil Porto Alegre Metro 1985[30] 2014[30] 22[31] 43.8 km (27.2 mi)[31] 55.1 (2017)[R 8]
Recife  Brazil Recife Metro[Nb 8] 1985[32] 2009[32] 28[33] 39.5 km (24.5 mi)[33] 104.2 (2017)[R 9][R 6]
Rio de Janeiro  Brazil Rio de Janeiro Metro 1979[34] 2016[35] 41[34] 58 km (36 mi)[35] 244.7 (2017)[R 10]
Salvador  Brazil Salvador Metro 2014[36] 2018[37] 19[38] 32.5 km (20.2 mi)[37][39] 42 (2017)[R 11]
São Paulo  Brazil São Paulo Metro 1974[40] 2018[41] 81[41] 93.6 km (58.2 mi)[41] 1295.4 (2017)[R 12]
Sofia  Bulgaria Sofia Metro 1998[42] 2016[43] 34[43] 40 km (25 mi)[43] 89.7 (2016)[R 13]
Montreal  Canada Montreal Metro 1966 2007[Nb 9] 68[44] 71 km (44 mi)[44] 367.5 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
Toronto  Canada Toronto subway[45] 1954[46] 2017[46] 75[47] 76.9 km (47.8 mi)[48][49] 304.1 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1][R Nb 2]
Vancouver  Canada SkyTrain 1985[50] 2016[51] 53[51] 79.6 km (49.5 mi)[51] 151.4 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
Santiago  Chile Santiago Metro 1975[52] 2017 107[53] 118 km (73 mi)[53] 685.1 (2017)[R 15]
Beijing  China Beijing Subway[54][55] 1971[Nb 10] 2017[56] 306[Nb 11] 599.4 km (372.4 mi)[57][Nb 12] 3777.9 (2017)[R 16]
Changchun  China Changchun Subway 2011 2018 47[Nb 13] 55.18 km (34.29 mi)[Nb 14] n/a
Changsha  China Changsha Metro 2014[58] 2016[59] 43[59] 50.2 km (31.2 mi)[59] 233.4 (2017)[R 16]
Chengdu  China Chengdu Metro 2010 2018[60] 151 196.49 km (122.09 mi) 782.1 (2017)[R 17]
Chongqing  China Chongqing Rail Transit 2005 2017[61] 153 264 km (164 mi)[61] 743.1 (2017)[R 17]
Dalian  China Dalian Metro[62] 2003 2018[63] 69 153.5 km (95.4 mi) 157.2 (2017)[R 16]
Dongguan  China Dongguan Rail Transit 2016[64] 15 37.8 km (23.5 mi) 38.7 (2017)[R 17]
Foshan  China Foshan Metro[Nb 15] 2010 2015 22 34.4 km (21.4 mi) n/a[R Nb 3]
Fuzhou  China Fuzhou Metro 2016[65] 2017[66] 21 24.89 km (15.47 mi) 49.3 (2017)[R 17]
Guangzhou  China Guangzhou Metro 1997 2018[67] 199[68] 391.8 km (243.5 mi)[69] 2800 (2017)[R 18]
Guiyang  China Guiyang Metro 2017[70] 10 12.9 km (8.0 mi) n/a
Hangzhou  China Hangzhou Metro[71] 2012 2018[72] 84 117.3 km (72.9 mi) 339.9 (2017)[R 17]
Harbin  China Harbin Metro 2013[73][74] 2017[75] 21[73][74] 22.9 km (14.2 mi)[73][74] 113.3 (2017)[R 17]
Hefei  China Hefei Metro 2016[76] 2017[77] 47 52.4 km (32.6 mi) 42.7 (2017)[R 17]
Hong Kong  China MTR 1979[Nb 16] 2016[Nb 17] 93[78] 174.7 km (108.6 mi)[79] 1767.1 (2017)[R 19][R 20][R Nb 4]
Kunming  China Kunming Rail Transit 2012 2017[80] 60 87.2 km (54.2 mi) 124.8 (2017)[R 17][R 21]
Nanchang  China Nanchang Metro 2015 2017[81] 40 44.3 km (27.5 mi) 109.8 (2017)[R 17]
Nanjing  China Nanjing Metro[82] 2005 2018[82][Nb 18] 159[83] 378 km (235 mi)[83] 977 (2017)[R 22]
Nanning  China Nanning Rail Transit[84] 2016[85] 2017[86] 43 53.1 km (33.0 mi)[86] 97.1 (2017)[R 17]
Ningbo  China Ningbo Rail Transit[87] 2014 2016[87] 51 74.5 km (46.3 mi) 112.3 (2017)[R 17]
Qingdao  China Qingdao Metro 2015[88] 2018[89] 62 102.7 km (63.8 mi) 65.7 (2017)[R 17]
Shanghai  China Shanghai Metro[Nb 19] 1993 2018 329[Nb 20][90][91] 644 km (400 mi)[90] 3537.6 (2017)[R 16]
Shenyang  China Shenyang Metro 2010 2018[92] 48 59.7 km (37.1 mi) 319.1 (2017)[R 16]
Shenzhen  China Shenzhen Metro 2004 2016[93] 199 286.2 km (177.8 mi) 1654.4 (2017)[R 23]
Shijiazhuang  China Shijiazhuang Metro 2017 26 28.33 km (17.60 mi) 40.4 (2017)[R 17]
Suzhou  China Suzhou Rail Transit 2012 2017[94] 97 118.9 km (73.9 mi) 248.2 (2017)[R 16]
Tianjin  China Tianjin Metro 1984 2018[95] 127 182 km (113 mi) 351.5 (2017)[R 16]
Wuhan  China Wuhan Metro 2004 2018[96] 190 288 km (179 mi)[96] 926.8 (2017)[R 16]
Wuxi  China Wuxi Metro 2014[97] 2014[98] 45 56 km (34.8 mi)[97][98] 92.3 (2017)[R 17]
Xiamen  China Xiamen Metro 2017[99] 24[99] 30.3 km (18.8 mi)[99] n/a
Xi'an  China Xi'an Metro 2011 2016[100] 66 90 km (56 mi) 605.3 (2017)[R 17]
Zhengzhou  China Zhengzhou Metro 2013[101] 2017[102] 61 93.6 km (58.2 mi)[102] 252.3 (2017)[R 17]
Medellín  Colombia Medellín Metro 1995[103] 2012[Nb 21] 27[103] 31.3 km (19.4 mi)[103] 208.1 (2017)[R 24]
Prague  Czech Republic Prague Metro 1974[104] 2015[Nb 22] 58[105] 65.2 km (40.5 mi)[106] 435.6 (2017)[R 25]
Copenhagen  Denmark Copenhagen Metro 2002[107] 2007[107] 22[108] 20.4 km (12.7 mi)[108] 63.5 (2017)[R 26]
Santo Domingo  Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Metro 2009 2018[109] 34[109][110][111] 31.0 km (19.3 mi)[110][111] 76.5 (2017)[R 27]
Cairo  Egypt Cairo Metro[112] 1987 2014[Nb 23] 61 77.9 km (48.4 mi) 1314 (2015)[R 28][R Nb 5]
Helsinki  Finland Helsinki Metro 1982[113] 2017[Nb 24][114] 25[115] 35 km (22 mi)[116] 67.5 (2017)[R 29]
Lille  France Lille Metro 1983[117] 2000[117] 60[118] 45 km (28 mi)[118] 107.5 (2016)[R 30]
Lyon  France Lyon Metro 1978[119] 2013[120] 40[121] 32.0 km (19.9 mi)[121] 198.2 (2016)[R 30]
Marseille  France Marseille Metro 1977 2010 28[122] 21.5 km (13.4 mi)[122] 75.9 (2016)[R 30]
Paris  France Paris Métro 1900[123] 2013[124] 302[125] 214 km (133 mi)[123] 1518.6 (2016)[R 30][R Nb 6]
Rennes  France Rennes Metro 2002 15 9.4 km (5.8 mi) 34.3 (2016)[R 30]
Toulouse  France Toulouse Metro 1993[126] 2007[126][Nb 25] 37[127] 28.2 km (17.5 mi)[126] 110.9 (2016)[R 30]
Tbilisi  Georgia Tbilisi Metro 1966[128] 2017[129] 23[130] 27.1 km (16.8 mi)[130] 105.4 (2016)[R 3]
Berlin  Germany Berlin U-Bahn 1902[131] 2009 173[131] 151.7 km (94.3 mi)[132] 563 (2017)[R 31]
Hamburg  Germany Hamburg U-Bahn 1912[133] 2012[Nb 26] 91[134] 104 km (65 mi)[134] 242.5 (2017)[R 32]
Munich  Germany Munich U-Bahn 1971[135] 2010[Nb 27] 96[135] 95 km (59 mi)[135] 410 (2017)[R 33]
Nuremberg  Germany Nuremberg U-Bahn 1972 2017[Nb 28][136] 48[137] 36 km (22 mi)[137] 128.85 (2015)[R 34]
Athens  Greece Athens Metro[Nb 29] 1904[140][Nb 30] 2013[141] 61[142] 84.7 km (52.6 mi)[138] 264.4 (2015)[R 35][R Nb 7]
Budapest  Hungary Budapest Metro 1896 2014[143] 48 38.2 km (23.7 mi)[143][144] 410.6 (2017)[R 36]
Bengaluru  India Namma Metro 2011[145] 2017[146] 40[147] 42.3 km (26.3 mi)[147] 54.2 (2017*)[R 37][R Nb 8]
Chennai  India Chennai Metro 2015[148] 2018[149] 26[150] 35.3 km (21.9 mi)[149] n/a
Delhi  India Delhi Metro 2002[151] 2018[152] 195[Nb 31] 296 km (184 mi)[153] 1007.9 (2017*)[R 38]
Gurgaon  India Rapid Metro 2013[155] 2017[156] 11[156] 11.7 km (7.3 mi)[156] 2.3 (2014*)[R 39][R Nb 9]
Hyderabad  India Hyderabad Metro 2017[157] 2018[157] 40[157] 46.5 km (28.9 mi)[157] n/a
Jaipur  India Jaipur Metro 2015[158][159] 9[159] 9.6 km (6.0 mi)[159][160] 7.2 (2017*)[R 40]
Kochi  India Kochi Metro 2017[161] 2017[162] 16[163] 18.4 km (11.4 mi)[163] n/a
Kolkata  India Kolkata Metro 1984[164] 2013[164] 24[164] 27.2 km (16.9 mi)[164] 206.1 (2018*)[R 41]
Lucknow  India Lucknow Metro 2017[165] 8[165] 8.5 km (5.3 mi)[165] n/a
Mumbai  India Mumbai Metro 2014 12[166] 11.4 km (7.1 mi)[166] 100+ (2017/2018)[R 42]
Isfahan  Iran Isfahan Metro 2015[167] 2018[168][169] 20[168] 20.2 km (12.6 mi)[168] n/a
Mashhad  Iran Mashhad Urban Railway 2011[170] 2018[171] 32 34.1 km (21.2 mi) 39.3
Shiraz  Iran Shiraz Metro 2014[172] 2018[Nb 32] 16[172] 22.4 km (13.9 mi)[172] n/a
Tabriz  Iran Tabriz Metro 2015[173] 2017 10 7 km (4.3 mi) n/a
Tehran  Iran Tehran Metro[Nb 33] 1999[Nb 34] 2017[174] 116[175] 173 km (107 mi)[175] 717 (2015*)[R 43]
Brescia  Italy Brescia Metro 2013[176] 17[177] 13.7 km (8.5 mi)[177] 17.4 (2017)[R 44]
Catania  Italy Catania Metro 1999[178] 2017[179] 10[180] 8.8 km (5.5 mi) 3.4 (2017)[R 45]
Genoa  Italy Genoa Metro 1990[181] 2012[181] 8[181] 7.1 km (4.4 mi)[181] 11 (2012)[R 46]
Milan  Italy Milan Metro[182] 1964[182] 2015[182] 106[Nb 35] 101 km (63 mi)[182] 569.5 (2017)
Naples  Italy Naples Metro[Nb 36] 1993 2013[Nb 37] 22[184] 20.5 km (12.7 mi)[184] 42.5 (2017)[R 47][R Nb 10]
Rome  Italy Rome Metro 1955 2018[185] 73[186] 60 km (37 mi)[187][188] 279 (2012)[R 48]
Turin  Italy Turin Metro 2006[189] 2011[189] 21[189] 13.2 km (8.2 mi)[189] 41.1 (2015)[R 49]
Fukuoka  Japan[Nb 38] Fukuoka City Subway 1981 2005 35 29.8 km (18.5 mi) 165.8 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Hiroshima  Japan[Nb 38] Astram Line 1994 2015[190][Nb 39] 21 18.4 km (11.4 mi) 23.7 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Kobe  Japan[Nb 38] Kobe Municipal Subway 1977 2001 25 30.6 km (19.0 mi) 112.9 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Kyoto  Japan[Nb 38] Kyoto Municipal Subway 1981 2008 31 31.2 km (19.4 mi) 141.4 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Nagoya  Japan[Nb 38] Nagoya Municipal Subway 1957 2011[191] 87[191] 93.3 km (58.0 mi)[191] 479.4 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Osaka  Japan[Nb 38] Osaka Metro 1933 2006 123[192] 129.9 km (80.7 mi)[192] 870.4 (2016*)[R 51][R Nb 11]
Sapporo  Japan[Nb 38] Sapporo Municipal Subway 1971 1999 46[193] 48 km (30 mi) 229.2 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Sendai  Japan[Nb 38] Sendai Subway 1987 2015[194][Nb 40] 29 28.7 km (17.8 mi) 88.4 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Tokyo  Japan[Nb 38] Toei Subway 1960 2000 106[195] 109 km (68 mi)[195] 1004.5 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Tokyo Metro 1927[196] 2008 142[197] 195.1 km (121.2 mi)[198] 2709.1 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Tokyo Monorail 1964 2004 8 17.8 km (11.1 mi) 105.4 (2017*)[199]
Rinkai Line 1996 2002 8 12.2 km (7.6 mi) 90.7 (2016*)[R 52][R Nb 11]
Yokohama  Japan[Nb 38] Yokohama Municipal Subway 1972 2008 40 53.4 km (33.2 mi) 239.1 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Minatomirai Line 2004 2008 6 4.1 km (2.5 mi) 76.4 (2017*)[R 50][R Nb 11]
Almaty  Kazakhstan Almaty Metro 2011[200] 2015[200] 9 11.3 km (7.0 mi)[200] 14 (2017)[R 53]
Pyongyang  North Korea Pyongyang Metro 1973 1987[Nb 41] 17 22 km (14 mi) 36 (2009)[R 54]
Busan  South Korea Busan Metro 1985 2017[Nb 42] 135 139.9 km (86.9 mi) 358 (2017)[R 55][R Nb 12]
Daegu  South Korea Daegu Metro 1997 2015[Nb 43] 58[201] 81.2 km (50.5 mi)[201] 163 (2017)[R 55]
Daejeon  South Korea Daejeon Metro 2006 2007[Nb 44] 22 22.7 km (14.1 mi) 39 (2017)[R 55]
Gwangju  South Korea Gwangju Metro 2004 2008[Nb 45] 20 20.1 km (12.5 mi) 19 (2017)[R 55]
Incheon  South Korea Incheon Subway 1999 2016 55[202] 29.4 km (18.3 mi)[202] 109 (2017)[R 55]
Seoul  South Korea Seoul Subway (lines 1-9)[Nb 46][Nb 47] 1974[203] 2015[204] 307[205] 331.5 km (206.0 mi)[205][203] 2856.5 (2016)[R 56][R Nb 13][R Nb 14]
Korail metro lines[Nb 48][Nb 47] 1994[Nb 49] 2016[206] 81 133 km (83 mi)[207] 415.6 (2017)[R 57][R Nb 15]
Shinbundang Line[Nb 47] (NeoTrans) 2011 2016[208] 12 31.3 km (19.4 mi)[208] 95.7 (2017)[R 57][R Nb 16]
Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia Rapid KL[Nb 50] 1996 2017[209] 104 142.5 km (88.5 mi) 182 (2017)[R 58]
Mexico City  Mexico Mexico City Metro 1969[210] 2012[Nb 51] 163[Nb 52] 226.5 km (140.7 mi)[211] 1605 (2016)[R 59]
Monterrey  Mexico Monterrey Metro 1991[212] 2008[212] 31[213] 32 km (20 mi)[214] 177.6 (2017)[R 60]
Amsterdam  Netherlands Amsterdam Metro[Nb 53] 1977 2018[215] 39[216] 41.2 km (25.6 mi) 73.7 (2017)[R 61][R Nb 17]
Rotterdam  Netherlands Rotterdam Metro[Nb 54] 1968 2010 62 78.3 km (48.7 mi) 93 (2017)[R 62]
Oslo  Norway Oslo Metro[Nb 55] 1966[Nb 56] 2016[Nb 57] 101 85 km (53 mi)[217] 118 (2017)[R 63]
Panama City  Panama Panama Metro 2014[218] 2015[218] 14[219] 15.8 km (9.8 mi)[219][220] 81.5 (2017)[R 64]
Lima  Peru Lima Metro 2011 2014[221] 26 34.6 km (21.5 mi)[221] 107.2 (2016)[R 65]
Manila  Philippines Manila Light Rail Transit System 1984[222] 2010[222] 31[223] 33.4 km (20.8 mi)[222][224] 243.6 (2014)[R 66]
Manila Metro Rail Transit System 1999 2000 13 16.9 km (10.5 mi)[225] 158.8 (2011)[R 67][R Nb 14]
Warsaw  Poland Warsaw Metro 1995 2015[226] 27 29 km (18 mi)[R 68] 187.3 (2016)[R 68]
Lisbon  Portugal Lisbon Metro 1959[227] 2016[228] 56[228] 44.1 km (27.4 mi)[228] 161.5 (2017)[R 69]
Bucharest  Romania Bucharest Metro 1979[229] 2017[229][Nb 58] 47[230] 71.4 km (44.4 mi)[230] 179.1 (2016)[R 70]
Kazan  Russia Kazan Metro[231] 2005 2018[232] 11[233] 16.8 km (10.4 mi)[233] 27.2 (2016)[R 3]
Moscow  Russia Moscow Metro[234] 1935 2018 222[235] 379.1 km (235.6 mi)[235] 2442.4 (2017)[R 71]
Nizhny Novgorod  Russia Nizhny Novgorod Metro 1985 2018[236] 15[236] 21.6 km (13.4 mi) 30.4 (2016)[R 3]
Novosibirsk  Russia Novosibirsk Metro 1986 2010[237] 13[233] 15.9 km (9.9 mi)[233] 79.0 (2016)[R 3]
Saint Petersburg  Russia Saint Petersburg Metro 1955 2018[238] 69[239] 118.6 km (73.7 mi)[239] 740.4 (2016)[R 3]
Samara  Russia Samara Metro 1987[240] 2015[241] 10[233] 11.6 km (7.2 mi)[233] 15.6 (2016)[R 3]
Yekaterinburg  Russia Yekaterinburg Metro 1991 2012[242] 9[233] 12.7 km (7.9 mi)[233] 49.2 (2016)[R 3]
Mecca  Saudi Arabia Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah
Metro Southern Line
2010 9 18.1 km (11.2 mi) 4 (2011)[R 72][R Nb 18]
Singapore  Singapore Mass Rapid Transit 1987 2017[243] 119[244] 198.6 km (123.4 mi)[244] 1139.5 (2017)[R 73]
Barcelona  Spain Barcelona Metro[Nb 59] 1924 2018[245] 131[246] 120.7 km (75.0 mi)[246] 390.4 (2017)[R 74][R 75]
Bilbao  Spain Metro Bilbao[Nb 60] 1995[247] 2014[248] 41[249] 45.1 km (28.0 mi)[249] 87.1 (2016)[R 76]
Madrid  Spain Madrid Metro[Nb 61] 1919[250] 2015[251] 241[252] 288.5 km (179.3 mi)[252] 626.4 (2017)[R 74][R 77]
Stockholm  Sweden Stockholm Metro 1950 1994[Nb 62] 100[253] 108 km (67 mi)[253] 353 (2017)[R 78]
Lausanne   Switzerland Lausanne Metro[Nb 63] 2008 2008 14 5.9 km (3.7 mi) 30.1 (2017)[R 79][R Nb 19]
Kaohsiung  Taiwan Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit 2008 2012 37[254] 42.7 km (26.5 mi)[254] 63.8 (2016)[R 80]
Taipei  Taiwan Taipei Metro 1996[255] 2015[256] 108[257][Nb 64] 131.1 km (81.5 mi)[257] 746.1 (2017)[R 81]
Taoyuan  Taiwan Taoyuan Metro 2017 22[258] 53.1 km (33.0 mi) n/a
Bangkok  Thailand BTS Skytrain 1999[259] 2017[259] 35[259] 38.7 km (24.0 mi)[259] 241.1 (2017)[R 82]
Metropolitan Rapid Transit 2004 2017[260] 34[261] 44 km (27 mi)[262] 107.8 (2017)[R 83][R Nb 20]
Adana  Turkey Adana Metro 2009 2010 13[263] 13.9 km (8.6 mi)[263] 14 (2011)[R 84]
Ankara  Turkey Ankara Metro 1997 2017[264][Nb 65] 56[265] 64.36 km (39.99 mi)[264][265] 104.1 (2014)[R 85]
Bursa  Turkey Bursaray 2002 2014[Nb 66] 38[266] 38.9 km (24.2 mi)[266] 91.3 (2010)[R 86]
Istanbul  Turkey Istanbul Metro[Nb 67] 1989[267] 2017[268][Nb 68] 82 105.8 km (65.7 mi)[267] 384.9 (2015)[R 87]
İzmir  Turkey İzmir Metro 2000 2014[269][Nb 69] 17[269] 20 km (12 mi)[269] 105 (2016)[R 88]
Dnipro  Ukraine Dnipro Metro 1995 6[270] 7.1 km (4.4 mi)[270] 7.5 (2016)[R 3]
Kharkiv  Ukraine Kharkiv Metro 1975 2016 30[270] 38.1 km (23.7 mi)[270] 231.1 (2016)[R 3][R 89]
Kiev  Ukraine Kiev Metro 1960 2013 52[270] 67.6 km (42.0 mi)[270] 484.6 (2016)[R 3][R 90]
Dubai  United Arab Emirates Dubai Metro 2009[271] 2014[Nb 70] 47[271] 74.6 km (46.4 mi)[271] 200.1 (2017)[R 91]
Glasgow  United Kingdom Glasgow Subway 1896[272] 15[272] 10.4 km (6.5 mi)[272] 11.4 (2016*)[R 92]
London  United Kingdom London Underground[273] 1890[2][Nb 71] 2008[2] 270[274] 402 km (250 mi)[274] 1378 (2016*)[R 93][R Nb 21]
Docklands Light Railway 1987[275] 2011[275] 45[275] 34 km (21 mi) 122.3 (2016*)[R 93]
Newcastle  United Kingdom Tyne and Wear Metro[Nb 55] 1980[276] 2008[277] 60[276] 77.5 km (48.2 mi)[278] 37.7 (2016*)[R 94]
Atlanta  United States MARTA 1979[279] 2000[279] 38[280] 76.6 km (47.6 mi)[280] 67.4 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
Baltimore  United States Baltimore Metro Subway 1983 1995 14[281] 24.9 km (15.5 mi)[281] 10.8 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
Boston  United States MBTA Subway[Nb 72] 1901[282][Nb 73] 2014[283] 51[284] 61 km (38 mi)[284] 167.2 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
Chicago  United States Chicago "L" 1897[285][Nb 74] 2015[286][Nb 75] 145[287] 165.4 km (102.8 mi)[287][Nb 76] 230.2 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
Cleveland  United States RTA Rapid Transit: Red Line 1955[288] 1968[288] 18[289] 31 km (19 mi)[289] 5.9 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
Los Angeles  United States Metro Rail[Nb 77] 1993[290] 2000[290][Nb 78] 16[290][Nb 77] 28.0 km (17.4 mi)[290] 44.9 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1][R Nb 22]
Miami  United States Metrorail 1984[291] 2012 23[292] 40.1 km (24.9 mi)[292] 19.7 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
New York City  United States New York City Subway 1904[293][Nb 79] 2017[294] 424[Nb 80] 380.2 km (236.2 mi)[295] 1727.3 (2017)[R 95]
Staten Island Railway 1925[Nb 81] 2017[296] 21[293][297] 22.5 km (14.0 mi)[295] 8.8 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
PATH 1908[298] 1911[Nb 82] 13[299] 22.2 km (13.8 mi)[300] 93.0 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
Philadelphia  United States SEPTA[301][Nb 83] 1907 1973 75[301] 59.1 km (36.7 mi)[302][303] 91.8 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
PATCO Speedline 1936[304][Nb 84] 1969 13[304] 22.9 km (14.2 mi)[304] 10.8 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
San Francisco  United States BART[Nb 85] 1972[305] 2017[306] 45[305][Nb 86] 174.8 km (108.6 mi)[305][Nb 87] 129.3 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
San Juan,
Puerto Rico
 United States Tren Urbano 2004 2005 16 17.2 km (10.7 mi) 4.8 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1][R Nb 23]
Washington, D.C.  United States Washington Metro 1976[307] 2014[308] 91[307] 188 km (117 mi)[307] 229.6 (2017)[R 14][R Nb 1]
Tashkent  Uzbekistan Tashkent Metro 1977 2001[Nb 88] 29[270] 36.2 km (22.5 mi)[270] 53.5 (2016)[R 3]
Caracas  Venezuela Caracas Metro,[Nb 89]
Los Teques Metro
1983[309] 2015[Nb 90] 49[310] 63.6 km (39.5 mi)[309] 358 (2017)[R 96][R 97]
Table notes

^* Indicates ridership figures based on the fiscal year rather than the calendar year.

Under construction

The following is a list of new worldwide metro systems that are currently actively under construction. Note that in some cases it is not clear if the system will be considered a full metro system once it begins operational service.

Location Country Name Start of construction Planned opening
Sydney  Australia Sydney Metro[UC 1][UC 2][UC 3] 2014[UC 2][UC 4] 2019[UC 2][UC 3][UC 5][UC 6]
Dhaka  Bangladesh Dhaka Metro 2016[UC 7] 2021[UC 8]
Montreal  Canada Réseau express métropolitain 2018[UC 9] 2021[UC 10]
Changzhou  China Changzhou Metro[UC 11] 2014[UC 11] 2019[UC 11]
Hohhot  China Hohhot Metro[UC 12] 2015 2020[UC 12]
Jinan  China Jinan Metro 2013 2019[UC 13]
Jinhua  China Jinhua Metro[UC 14] 2016[UC 14] 2020[UC 14]
Lanzhou  China Lanzhou Metro[UC 15] 2014[UC 15] 2018[UC 16]
Luoyang  China Luoyang Metro[UC 17] 2016[UC 17] 2020[UC 17]
Macau  China Macau Light Rapid Transit[UC 18] 2012[UC 18] 2019[UC 18]
Nantong  China Nantong Metro 2017[UC 19] 2022
Shaoxing  China Shaoxing Metro 2017[UC 20] 2021
Taiyuan  China Taiyuan Metro[UC 21] 2013[UC 21] 2020[UC 21]
Xuzhou  China Xuzhou Metro[UC 22][UC 23] 2014[UC 22] 2019
Ürümqi  China Ürümqi Metro[UC 24] 2014[UC 24] 2019[UC 24]
Wenzhou  China Wenzhou Metro 2013[UC 25] 2018[UC 26]
Wuhu  China Wuhu Metro[UC 25] 2017 2019[UC 25]
Quito  Ecuador Quito Metro[UC 27] 2012[UC 27][UC 28] 2019[UC 29]
Thessaloniki  Greece Thessaloniki Metro 2006[UC 30] 2020[UC 31]
Gandhinagar
Ahmedabad
 India Metro-Link Express for Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad 2015[UC 32] 2020[UC 33]
Pune  India Pune Metro 2017 2021[UC 34]
Navi Mumbai  India Navi Mumbai Metro[UC 35] 2011 2019[UC 35]
Nagpur  India Nagpur Metro[UC 36] 2015[UC 36] 2018
Noida  India Noida Metro[UC 37] 2015[UC 37] September 2018[UC 38]
Jakarta  Indonesia Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit[UC 39][UC 40] 2013[UC 39][UC 40] March 2019[UC 41]
Ahvaz  Iran Ahvaz Metro 2004 2018[UC 42]
Karaj  Iran Karaj Metro 2006[UC 43] 2018
Kermanshah  Iran Kermanshah Metro 2011 2022[UC 44]
Qom  Iran Qom Metro[UC 45] 2009 2019
Abidjan  Ivory Coast Abidjan Metro 2017 2022/2023
Lagos  Nigeria Lagos Rail Mass Transit 2009 2022[UC 46]
Lahore  Pakistan Lahore Metro 2015[UC 47] March 2019[UC 48]
Doha  Qatar Doha Metro[UC 49] 2012[UC 49] 2019[UC 49]
Chelyabinsk  Russia Chelyabinsk Metro[UC 50] 1992 unknown (after 2025)[UC 51]
Riyadh  Saudi Arabia Riyadh Metro[UC 52] 2014[UC 52] 2019[UC 52]
Taichung  Taiwan Taichung Mass Rail Transit System[UC 53][UC 54] 2009[UC 53] 2018
Honolulu  United States Honolulu Rail Transit 2012 2020
Hanoi  Vietnam Hanoi Metro[UC 55][UC 56] 2010[UC 55] 2018[UC 55][UC 56]
Ho Chi Minh City  Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City Metro[UC 57][UC 56] 2010[UC 57] 2020[UC 57]

See also

Notes

System notes

  1. With its latest extensions in April 2018, Algiers Metro totals 19 stations: 16 of them were operational[11] and 3 were to open at a later date;[13] after five months, the first one (Ateliers) has entered in passenger service.[12]
  2. Line H of the Buenos Aires Underground had its last expansions in May 2018
  3. Vienna's Metropolitan Railway (Wiener Stadtbahn) first opened for service in 1898, operating steam locomotive trains on mostly elevated or underground ROWs. From 1976 onwards, part of it was integrated into the newly established Vienna U-Bahn system (lines U4 and U6), operating as a modern metro.
  4. Line 3 opens on 19 April 2016
  5. The Moskovskaya Line extended to Malinovka in 2014.
  6. Line 2's loop was completed in 2009
  7. Not including stations of premetro Lines T3, T4, and T7.
  8. Includes METROREC's rapid transit lines only: Linha Centro (Center Line) and Linha Sul (South Line).
  9. See Orange Line (Montreal Metro)
  10. The Beijing Subway's first line began trial operations on 1 October 1969. It opened to revenue service under trial operations on 15 January 1971. Initially, only members of the public with credential letters from their work units could purchase tickets, but this restriction was removed on 27 December 1972. The subway line passed its final inspections and ended trial operations on 15 September 1981. During the trial operations period, annual ridership rose from 8.28 million in 1971 to 55.2 million in 1980. See the history section of the Beijing Subway for details and references.
  11. The number is 311 for unique operational subway stations (i.e. different sets of platforms), or 364 if operational stations are counted multiple times for each line. Both counts excludes the stations of the Xijiao LRT Line.[57]
  12. Length excludes the Xijiao LRT Line
  13. Excludes light rail Line 3.
  14. Excludes light rail Line 3.
  15. First line of Foshan Metro serves two cities – Foshan and Guangzhou
  16. The first MTR route to offer metro service was the Modified Initial System in 1979, which consists of portions of the later Tsuen Wan Line and Kwun Tong Line. Though the eventual East Rail Line opened as a conventional railway in 1910, it did not offer metro service until at least in 1982 when it was electrified.
  17. South Island Line (East)
  18. Line S7
  19. This figure excludes Maglev line and Jinshan Railway, both often included in Shanghai Metro maps but not considered part of the system.
  20. As of December 2017, the number is 393 if the 52 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it's 324 if they're combined; shared tracks/platforms on Lines 3 and 4 are anyway counted as a single stations (nine in all between Hongqiao Road and Baoshan Road).
  21. Extension of Line A from Itagüí south to La Estrella.
  22. Line A was extended in April 2015.
  23. Line 3's first section opened in 2012 and was extended in 2014.
  24. Opening of the Länsimetro extension on 18 November 2017.
  25. Opening of Toulouse Metro Line B.
  26. Opening of Line U4.
  27. The U3 extension from Olympia-Einkaufszentrum (OEZ) to Moosach.
  28. The U3 extension from Friedrich-Ebert-Platz to Nordwestring.
  29. The Blue Line (Line 3) also has a 20.7 kilometres (12.9 mi) section (with 4 stations) to the airport that is owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation and is mainly used by the suburban railway system.[138][139]
  30. The Green Line (Line 1), operated until 2011 by Athens-Piraeus Electric Railways, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. In 2011, it was integrated with Athens Metro under the company STASY S.A.[138]
  31. As of August 2018, the number is 214 if the 18 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 195, including the six stations on the Delhi Airport Metro Express line, if they are combined; Ashok Park Main station, where the two diverging branches of Line 5 share tracks/platforms, is anyway counted as a single station.[153][154]
  32. Kaveh station opens
  33. The 41.5 km (25.8 mi) Line 5 of the Tehran Metro is a commuter rail line, and so is not included in the statistics here – only metro Lines 1–4 are.
  34. Opening of metro-standards Line 2.
  35. As of October 2018, the number is 113 if the 7 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 106 if they are combined.[182][183]
  36. Naples Metro is made up of Line 1 and Line 6 only. Line 2 is a commuter rail line.
  37. Partial opening (line 1 only) of Municipio station in June
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 In general, the majority of urban rail service in Japanese metropolitan areas is provided by systems not included in this list. For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
  39. Shin-Hakushima station opens
  40. Tōzai Line opens
  41. Yŏnggwang and Puhŭng opened in 1987
  42. Line 1
  43. Daegu Metro Line 3 opened in 2015.
  44. Second phase of line 1
  45. Line 1 fully opened
  46. The Seoul Subway (Lines 1-9) is actually operated by two different operators – Seoul Metro and Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation (SLM9), plus the through-operation by Korail – but because all of these lines are owned by the City Government of Seoul, here in the table they're counted together as one system.
  47. 1 2 3 Seoul's Metropolitan Subway system can also be viewed as a comprehensive metro network made up of multiple owned/operated metro systems. If viewed as such, the combined route length of Seoul's comprehensive metro-standards network would be 495.8 km (308.1 mi), and it would serve a grand total of 400 stations.
  48. Includes the Bundang Line (52.9km, 36 stations), Korail portions of Seoul Subway Line 3 (Ilsan Line: 19.2km, 10 stations) and Seoul Subway Line 4 (Gwacheon Line and Ansan Line: 40.4km, 22 stations), and the Suin Line (Oido~Incheon) (20.5km, 13 stations).
  49. Extension of both Gwacheon Line and Subway Line 4 to Namtaeryeong Station and start of the metro through-operation on April, 1.
  50. Statistics presented include rapid transit lines only: Ampang Line, Sri Petaling Line, Kelana Jaya Line Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line and KL Monorail. KLIA Ekspres and KLIA Transit Line not included.
  51. Line 12 opened 2012.
  52. The number is 163 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one, or 195 if stations are counted multiple times for each line.[211]
  53. Line 50, 52, 53 and 54 are rapid transit. The figures provided exclude the portion of the Amstelveen Line (Line 51) that operates as light rail.
  54. Some sections of the Rotterdam Metro (portions of Lines A and B) have some level crossings (with priority) and so could therefore be considered "light rail" instead of "metro".
  55. 1 2 These systems have similarities to light rail systems, because of existence of road level crossings, but are listed since there are almost entirely separated from roads.
  56. The first underground portion was opened in 1928, but that was a tram line. One surface line has origins from 1898. System opened as a full Metro in 1966.
  57. Opening of the Løren station in 2016.
  58. Line M4 extended to Lac Străulești in 2017.
  59. TMB-operated lines L1-L5 and L9-L11 only. FGC-operated lines L6-L8 share track with other FGC commuter lines, and thus don't qualify as metro-standards lines.
  60. CTB-owned and "Metro Bilbao S.A."-operated line 1 and Line 2 only.
  61. Including TFM, MetroSur and other suburban lines, but not the three Metro Ligero de Madrid lines which are light rail.
  62. Skarpnäck metro station opened in 1994
  63. The Lausanne Metro has two lines: Line M1 is light rail, while Line M2 is rapid transit. The stats listed are for Line M2 only.
  64. As of May 2018, the number is 117 if the 9 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it's 108 if they're combined; transfer stations that provide cross-platform interchange are anyway counted as a single stations (four in all: Ximen, CKS Memorial Hall, Guting and Dongmen stations).
  65. Opening of lines M2 and M3.
  66. Extension to Gürsu.
  67. Currently operational metro standards lines, M1–M5 and M6, only included. All other Istanbul lines or segments are either tram or commuter rail, or are under construction, and so are not included here.
  68. Opening of Line M5 (Üsküdar ↔ Yamanevler).
  69. Extension to Fahrettin Altay.
  70. Creek and Al Jadaf in Green Line opened in 2014.
  71. London's Metropolitan Railway first opened for service in 1863, operating steam locomotive trains in cut and cover tunnels. It began operating as a modern metro when electric-propulsion trains began operating on the system's first deep-level tube line in 1890.
  72. Includes MBTA's rapid transit lines only: Red Line, Orange Line and Blue Line.
  73. The originally-elevated Orange Line opened in 1901, sharing the Tremont Street Subway that had opened in 1897 as an underground streetcar tunnel (for the light rail Green Line).
  74. Dated from the opening of "The Loop", when the system became unified and electrified.
  75. Cermak–McCormick Place station opens
  76. This figure comes from the sum of the following figures from the accompanying reference (i.e. "Facts at a Glance". Chicago Transit Authority. December 2012. Retrieved 2013-07-21. ): 35.8 miles of elevated route, 35.0 miles at grade level, 20.6 miles on embankments, and 11.4 miles of subway.
  77. 1 2 Rapid transit Red and Purple lines only. All other L.A. Metro Rail lines are light rail, and are not included here.
  78. This was the date of the last extension to the Red Line in the rapid transit portion of Los Angeles' Metro Rail.
  79. First regular elevated railway service, originally cable hauled, began in 1868. Elevateds converted to steam power in 1870, electrified by 1903. The first section of electrified subway opened in 1904.
  80. The number is 424 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 472 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.[293]
  81. While the line opened as a railroad in 1860, it was not until 1925 that rapid transit equipment would be operated here.
  82. Manhattan Transfer and Park Place stations opened in 1911, though these stations were closed and replaced with Harrison and Newark stations, respectively, in 1937.
  83. Includes SEPTA's rapid transit lines only: Broad Street Line (Orange Line), Market–Frankford Line (Blue Line) and Norristown High Speed Line.
  84. The opening of the Bridge Line, the precursor rapid transit line to PATCO's, which ran between 8th Street in Philadelphia and Broadway in Camden. The current PATCO Speedline, with service through to Lindenwold, opened in 1969.
  85. BART's rapid transit lines only; the eBART line to Antioch and the Oakland International Airport (OAK) APM are excluded.
  86. 45 rapid transit stations, plus three additional stations (two eBART and one AGT) within the system.
  87. This figure excludes the eBART extension from Pittsburg/Bay Point to Antioch (9.2 miles) and the "BART to Oakland International Airport (OAK) elevated guideway" (3.2 miles).
  88. The Yunusobod Line was opened in 2001
  89. Statistics presented here for the Caracas Metro include the Los Teques Metro which functions as effectively a subsidiary and extension of the Caracas Metro.
  90. Bello Monte station opens – Inauguración de la estación Bello Monte beneficiará a más de 30.000 personas diarias.

Ridership notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 All American Public Transportation Association (APTA) figures are derived from unlinked transit passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two passenger trips, transferring twice counts as three trips, etc.).
  2. This ridership figure is the sum of the "Heavy Rail (HR)" and "Intermediate Rail (IR)" figures for Toronto from the APTA Ridership report – in other words, this figure includes ridership on the Line 3 Scarborough (RT) line which APTA considers to be "Intermediate Rail (IR)".
  3. Counted in with Guangzhou's ridership figures.
  4. Note that:
    1. annual ridership is derived from the sum of each month's "Monthly Total" for each year;
    2. the ridership includes "MTR Lines", "Airport Express" and "Cross-boundary";
    3. "Intercity, Light Rail & Bus" are excluded from the counts.
  5. Figure extrapolated from 3.6 million average daily boardings
  6. Does not include ridership on the RER/Transilien (1411 million in 2016) and the Tramways (287 million).
  7. This ridership figure is the sum of the "Ηλεκτρικός (Γ1 line, formerly ran by IASA)" and "Μετρό (Γ2 and Γ3 lines, formerly ran by AMEL)" figures from the OAΣA's 2015 Activity Report.
  8. This ridership figure is obtained by the average per day ridership figures of line 1-purple and line 2-green from the BMRC's FY2017 Annual Report.
  9. This ridership figure is obtained by the average per day ridership monthly figures from the RMGL's FY2014 Annual Report.
  10. 53.3 million including 4 Funicular lines
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Compared to European or North American systems, Japanese rapid transit systems are generally neither thought of as metros nor as completely subterranean "subways" complicating whether only using the municipal subway statistic is accurate when comparing with other Metros around the world. As example Tokyo Metro and the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation's Toei Subway constitute only 22% of the 14.6 billion metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Tokyo (MLIT Yearly Statistics). In addition, when one considers intracity lines of JR East and private railway companies, Greater Tokyo (130 lines) has higher daily ridership than any other metropolitan area in the world with 14.6 billion passengers annually. The Osaka Municipal Subway also has only a minority share of all metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Osaka, constituting only 17.6% of Greater Osaka's 4.745 billion rail passengers annually in 2010. Including the municipal subway systems in both Kobe and Kyoto, the result still only comprises 22% of all rail travel in the Greater Osaka area with 1065.8 million passengers yearly (MLIT Yearly Statistics). For Greater Nagoya, the Nagoya Municipal Subway has only a minority share of all metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Nagoya constituting only 38% of Greater Nagoya's 1.095 billion rail passengers annually in 2010 (MLIT Yearly Statistics). For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan with ridership statistics, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
  12. This ridership figure includes the Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit ridership in the total.
  13. This figure counts only gate-passers, so it only includes Seoul Metro and Seoul Subway Line 9 riders. Other lines that function as separate systems within the greater Seoul urban rail network are excluded.
  14. 1 2 Ridership is based on unlinked passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two trips, transferring between three lines counts as three trips, etc.).
  15. This ridership figure is the sum of the total annual trips (수송인원, boarding and transfer passengers) on the five lines (Gwacheon/Ansan, Bundang, Ilsan and Suin) from the accompanying reference. Overall, Korail metro/commuter lines in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMESRS) carry 1,166 million passengers annually (2017).
  16. This ridership figure is the sum of the total annual trips (수송인원, boarding and transfer passengers) on the two sections (Phase 1 and Phase 2) of the line, from the accompanying reference.
  17. This figure includes in full the ridership on Amstelveen Line (Line 51).
  18. Note: Operated during Hajj only.
  19. Ridership figure is for rapid transit Line M2 only; ridership on the light rail M1 line is excluded.
  20. This ridership figure is obtained by the average per day ridership monthly figures from the BEM's 2017 Ridership Report.
  21. Does not include ridership on the separate Docklands Light Railway (122 million), London Overground (189 million), Tramlink (29 million), or National Rail systems within Greater London.
  22. L.A. Metro's heavy rail lines, the Red and Purple Lines, only.
  23. Three-months service suspension (from 20 September to 19 December 2017) due to Hurricane Maria's effects

References

System references

  1. 1 2 "World Metro Figures 2018" (pdf). Union Internationale des Transports Publics (UITP) (International Association of Public Transport). September 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-29.
  2. 1 2 3 "A brief history of the Underground – London Underground milestones". Transport for London. Retrieved 2014-06-06.
  3. "The Metro: an opportunity for sustainable development in large cities" (pdf). Union Internationale des Transports Publics (UITP) (International Association of Public Transport). November 2003. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
  4. 1 2 3 "What is the largest metro system in the world?". CityMetric. 5 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
  5. "Beijing subway trips top 10 million a day: official". www.ecns.cn. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
  6. 1 2 "Recommended basic reference for developing a minimum set of standards for voluntary use in the field of urban rail, according to mandate M/486" (PDF). UITP (L'Union internationale des transports publics/International Association of Public Transport). 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  7. Schwandl, Robert (2007). "What is a metro?". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fact Book Glossary – Mode of Service Definitions". American Public Transportation Association. 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 "National Transit Database Glossary". U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Transit Administration. 18 October 2013. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  10. Balcombe, R., ed. (2004). "The demand for public transport: a practical guide" (pdf). Transport Research Laboratory. p. 6. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  11. 1 2 "Algiers metro dual extensions enter service". RATP Dev. 2 May 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  12. 1 2 Djoudi, Fayçal (6 September 2018). "Métro d'Alger 80 000 passagers supplémentaires par jour" [Algiers Metro 80,000 additional passengers per day]. Reporters – Quotidien national d'information (in French). Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  13. 1 2 "Alger metro extensions open". Metro Report International. DVV Media UK Ltd. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  14. 1 2 3 "Buenos Aires Line H extension opens". Metro Report. DVV Media International. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
  15. 1 2 3 "Yerevan authorities negotiating new metro line projects with banks". ArmeniaNow.com. 27 March 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
  16. Charbakh, Schwandl, Robert. "Yerevan". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
  17. 1 2 "2017 Zahlen, Daten, Fakten – Unternehmen" [Company Profile – Figures, Data, Facts 2017] (pdf) (in German). Wiener Linien. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
  18. Reidinger, Erwin (4 September 2017). "Vienna opens Line U1 extension". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2017-11-05.
  19. "40 Jahre U–Bahn: Eine Wiener Verkehrsrevolution" [40 years of UBahn: a Viennese transport revolution]. Die Presse (in German). "Die Presse" Verlags-Gesellschaft m.b.H. Co KG. 25 February 2018. slide 16. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  20. 1 2 3 "Baku Metro – History". Bakı Metropoliteni. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
  21. 1 2 История развития метрополитена [History of the metro]. Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. 2014. Retrieved 2015-06-27.
  22. 1 2 Метро сегодня [Metro today] (in Russian). Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. 2014. Retrieved 2015-06-27.
  23. 1 2 "40 years of Brussels Metro: The Lines of Life – Nodes of Exchanges". UITP – Union Internationale des Transports Publics. Retrieved 2018-09-12.
  24. "Activity Report 2011 – Figures & statistics '11" (pdf). STIB/MIVB. p. 08. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
  25. 1 2 "Empresa – História" [Company – History] (in Portuguese). CBTU – METRÔ BH. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
  26. "Operação – Linha em operação" [Operations – Line in operation] (in Portuguese). CBTU – METRÔ BH. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
  27. "Operação – Dados operacionais" [Operations – Operational data] (in Portuguese). CBTU – METRÔ BH. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
  28. 1 2 "Sobre o metro – Memória" (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal – Metrô. 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
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Ridership references

  1. "Statistiques voyageur" [Passenger statistics] (in French). EMA - Entreprise Metro d’Alger. Archived from the original on 2017-07-22.
  2. https://www.argentina.gob.ar/sites/default/files/ffcc_pax_metrop_18-06.xlsx
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2016 год" [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways in Year 2016] (pdf) (in Russian). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
  4. "2017 Zahlen, Daten, Fakten – Unternehmen" [Company Profile – Figures, Data, Facts 2017] (pdf) (in German). Wiener Linien. p. 4. Retrieved 2018-07-31.
  5. "Activity Report 2017". STIB/MIVB. Retrieved 2018-06-01.
  6. 1 2 "RELATÓRIO DE GESTÃO Exercício de 2017" [Management Report - period 2017] (pdf) (in Portuguese). Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos (CBTU). 31 December 2017. pp. 104–105. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  7. "RELATÓRIO DE ATIVIDADES DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO 2017" [Management Activities Report 2017] (pdf) (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal — METRO-DF. 31 December 2017. p. 2. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  8. "Relatório de Gestão do Exercício de 2017" [Management Report of the 2017 period] (pdf) (in Portuguese). Empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre S.A. – TRENSURB. 2018. p. 30. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  9. This ridership figure is the sum of those quoted for the two metro lines:
    • as for the Linha Centro, see "Demanda anual de usuários da Linha Centro STU-REC" (pdf) (in Portuguese). Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos (CBTU). Retrieved 2017-12-09.
    • as for the Linha Sul, see "Demanda anual de usuários da Linha Sul STU-REC" (pdf) (in Portuguese). Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos (CBTU). Retrieved 2017-12-09.
  10. "RELATÓRIO DE AMINISTRAÇÃO 2017" [Management Report 2017] (pdf) (in Portuguese). Concessão Metroviária do Rio de Janeiro S.A. 28 March 2018. p. 75. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  11. This annual ridership figure is the difference of those quoted as the system's overall ridership from the start of operations in June 2014:
    • to the end of year 2017 (66 millions), see "Demonstrações Financeiras Referentes ao Exercício findo em 31 de Dezembro de 2017 e Relatório dos Auditores Independentes sobre as Demonstrações Financeiras" [Financial Statements for the Year ended on 31 December 2017 and ... ] (pdf) (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metrô da Bahia. 16 February 2018. p. 4. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
    • to ther end of year 2016 (24 millions), see "Demonstrações Financeiras Referentes ao Exercício findo em 31 de Dezembro de 2016 e Relatório dos Auditores Independentes sobre as Demonstrações Financeiras" [Financial Statements for the Year ended on 31 December 2016 and ... ] (pdf) (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metrô da Bahia. 16 February 2017. p. 2. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
  12. "Relatório Integrado 2017" [Integrated Report 2017] (pdf). www.metro.sp.gov.br (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo. p. 35. Retrieved 2018-07-31.

    This ridership figure includes the ViaQuatro Line 4 ridership in the total.

  13. Ilkova, A., ed. (29 May 2018). "Statistical Yearbook 2017" (PDF). www.nsi.bg. National Statistical Institute. p. 344. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
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  27. "Informe Mensual de Evolución de la Demanda – Diciembre 2017" [Monthly Report on the Evolution of Demand – December 2017] (pdf) (in Spanish). Oficina para el Reordenamiento de Transporte (OPRET). p. 8. Retrieved 2018-07-31.
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  32. "HOCHBAHN Unternehmensbericht 2017" [HOCHBAHN Corporate Report 2017] (pdf) (in German). Hamburger Hochbahn AG. p. 69. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
  33. "MVG in figures" (pdf). MVG - Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft [Munich Transport Company]. p. 2. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
  34. p.5
  35. "Έκθεση Πεπραγμένων περιόδου 1.1.2015 - 31.12.2015" [2015 activity report] (pdf) (in Greek). OAΣA - Οργανισμός Αστικών Συγκοινωνιών Αθηνών [Athens Urban Transport Organisation]. p. 36. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  36. "Tables (STADAT) - Time series of annual data - Urban passenger transport (2001–2017)". Központi Statisztikai Hivatal [Central Statistics Bureau]. 10 August 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-13 via .
  37. "Namma Metro, 11th Annual Report 2016-17" (pdf). Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. 28 September 2017. p. 132. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  38. "Annual Accounts and Director's Report 2016-17" (pdf). DMRC. 4 August 2017. p. 85. Retrieved 2017-12-02 via http://www.delhimetrorail.com/annual_report.aspx.
  39. "Annual Report 2013-14" (pdf). Rapid Metrorail Gurgaon Ltd. 17 July 2014. p. 3. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  40. "Jaipur Metro, 8th Annual Report 2016-17" (pdf). JMRC - Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. 23 August 2017. p. 9. Retrieved 2017-12-03 via http://transport.rajasthan.gov.in/content/transportportal/en/metro/Aboutus/annual-reports.html.
  41. "Indian Railways, monthly evaluation report up to March '18" (pdf). Ministry of Railways (Railway Board), Government of India. p. 10. Retrieved 2018-08-13. (Fiscal year ends on March, 31)
  42. Mehul R, Thakkar (2018-06-16). "Mumbai Metro-1 Corridor: Four years on..." dna. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
  43. "هر ۳۴۰۰ مسافر یک واگن مترو".
  44. Varone, Mimmo (7 March 2018). "La metropolitana compie 5 anni di successi" (in Italian). Bresciaoggi.
  45. "Viaggiatori 2017 vs 2016". FCE - Ferrovia Circumetnea. 1 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  46. "AZIENDA MOBILITA' E TRASPORTI SpA -". www.amt.genova.it. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  47. "Carta della Mobilità 2018" (PDF) (in Italian). ANM - Azienda Napoletana Mobilità SpA. p. 12. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
  48. "Trasporto pubblico" [Public transport] (in Italian). ATAC. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 2014-12-17.
  49. "2006 - 2016: 10 anni di metropolitana a Torino" [2006 - 2016: ten years of metro in Turin] (in Italian). GTT - Gruppo Torinese Trasporti SpA. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 平成30年度 地下鉄事業の現況 [FY2018 Current status of subway business] (pdf) (in Japanese). 一般社団法人 日本地下鉄協会 [Japan Subway Association]. September 2018. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
  51. 交通局の予算・決算について [About accounting and budget of Transportation Bureau] (in Japanese). 大阪市営交通局 [Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau]. Retrieved 2017-12-06.

    Annual ridership figure is calculated from the 2378229 passenger daily average quoted for metro lines (高速鉄道) only.

  52. 東京臨海高速鉄道㈱: 平成28年度決算の概要 (PDF). Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  53. "Алматинцы стали чаще пользоваться метро – рост за год 2 млн пассажиров" [Almaty residents began to use the metro more often – a growth of 2 million passengers per year]. www.metroalmaty.kz (in Russian). КГП "Метрополитен". Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  54. Michael Rohde. "Pyongyang – metrobits.org". Mic-ro.com. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 연도별 도시철도 수송실적 [Urban railway yearly transportation performance]. www.index.go.kr (in Korean). 10 July 2017. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  56. "Subway Passenger Transportation". City of Seoul. Retrieved 2017-11-25. (You can select English from the language dropdown that reads "한국어")
  57. 1 2 2017 Statistical Yearbook of Railroad (pdf) (Report) (in Korean). vol. II 지역간철도 [Urban railway] (55 ed.). Korea Railroad corp. (KORAIL). 30 July 2018. pp. 530–531 via info.korail.com.
  58. "JADUAL 2.9 : BILANGAN PENUMPANG BAGI PERKHIDMATAN SISTEM ALIRAN RINGAN, SUKU KEEMPAT, 2017" [Table 2.9 : Number of Passengers for Light Rail Transit (LRT) Services, Fourth Quarter, 2017] (PDF) (in Malay and English). Ministry of Transport, Malaysia. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
  59. "Afluencia de Estación por Línea 2016" [Station Inflows by Line] (in Spanish). Metro de la Ciudad de Mexico. 2016. Retrieved 2017-07-20. Annual total obtained by subtracting the number of line A passengers who no longer pay an extra ticket when changing trains at Pantitlan station from the gross total.
  60. "Banco de Información Económica – Comunicaciones y transportes > Principales características del sistema de transporte colectivo Metrorrey > Pasajeros transportados" (in Spanish). Instituto Nactional De Estadística Y Geografía (INEGI). 19 July 2018. Retrieved 2018-07-31.

    This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2017

  61. "Jaarverslag 2017" [2017 Annual Report] (pdf) (in Dutch). GVB Holding NV. p. 45. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  62. "RET Jaarverslag 2017" [RET Annual Report 2017] (in Dutch). RET. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  63. "Årsrapport 2017" [Annual Report 2017] (pdf) (in Norwegian). Ruter As. 2017. p. 31. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  64. "Demanda mensual" [Montly demand] (in Spanish). El Metro de Panamá, S.A. 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-02-14. Retrieved 2018-02-14.

    This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2017

  65. "Memoria Anual 2016" [2016 Annual Report] (pdf) (in Spanish). AATE – Autoridad Autónoma del Sistema Eléctrico de Transporte Masivo de Lima Y Callao. p. 21. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
  66. http://www.lrta.gov.ph/index.php/2014-05-21-01-05-51/2014-05-22-02-12-18/2014-05-22-02-16-47
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  70. "2016 Raport de Activitate" [2016 Activity report] (pdf) (in Romanian). Metrorex S.A. p. 36. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  71. "Метрополитен в цифрах" [Metro in figures]. www.mosmetro.ru (in Russian). Моско́вский метрополите́н. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
  72. "Makkah Metro Train operation Hajj season 1432H (2011 G)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  73. "Public Transport Ridership". LTA Strategic Planning. 18 April 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-01 via Tableau Public. Annual ridership figure calculated from the 3.122 million passenger daily average quoted.
  74. 1 2 "Passenger Transport Statistics - Urban transport: metro and bus transport in cities with metro". Ine.es. Instituto Nacional de Estadística [National Statistics Institute]. Retrieved 2018-04-15.

    This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2017

  75. "Basic data 2018" (pdf). Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  76. "Metro in figures › Demand". Metro Bilbao S.A. Retrieved 2017-02-14.
  77. "Evolución de la demanda – Cierre año 2017" [Evolution of demand – End of 2017] (pdf) (in Spanish). Metro de Madrid. 29 January 2018. p. 1. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
  78. Annual Report 2017 › Business Review - Mainland of China and International Businesses (pdf) (Report). MTR Corporation Ltd. 2018. p. 84. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  79. Antonoff, Laurent (27 May 2018). "112 millions de voyageurs sur le réseau des TL en 2017" [112 million passengers on the TL network in 2017]. 24 heures (in French). Tamedia AG. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  80. 統計資料. Kaohsiung Rapid Transit Corporation. Retrieved 2014-06-14.
  81. "Ridership Counts". Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation. 13 January 2017. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

    This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2017

  82. "BTS Ridership". BTS Group Holdings Public Company Ltd. Retrieved 2018-09-25.

    This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2017

  83. "Ridership Report". www.bemplc.co.th. Bangkok Expressway and Metro Public Company Ltd. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
  84. "Loading..." www.rayturk.net. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  85. https://www.ego.gov.tr/dosya/indir/12112.pdf
  86. Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkezi. "ÜNİVERSİTE ETABINDA SEFERLER BAŞLIYOR". bursa.bel.tr.
  87. "İstanbul'da raylı sistemle yarım milyar yolcu taşındı" [Half a million passengers were transported by rail system in Istanbul] (in Turkish). 27 January 2016. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
  88. "İZMİR METRO A.Ş." 8 January 2017. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017.
  89. Пасажирські перевезення (щомісячна інформація). Kh.ukrstat.gov.ua. Retrieved on 23 September 2015.
  90. Відправлення (перевезення) вантажів за видами транспорту (in Ukrainian). Gorstat.kiev.ua. Retrieved on 1 October 2015.
  91. "1.51 million use Dubai public transport daily". Gulf News. 24 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
  92. "Scottish Transport Statistics No. 36 - 2017" (pdf). Transport Scotland Statistics. 28 February 2017. p. 123. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
  93. 1 2 "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts 2016/17" (pdf). Transport for London. September 2017. pp. 16–17. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  94. "Annual Report 2016/2017" (pdf). NEXUS - Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive (TWPTE). p. 19. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  95. "Facts and Figures: Annual Subway Ridership 2012–2017". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  96. https://www.metrodecaracas.com.ve/?p=11780
  97. https://www.metrodecaracas.com.ve/?p=10367

Under construction system references

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  11. 1 2 3 常州地铁1号线正式开建 2019年试运行 [Construction for Line 1 of Changzhou Metro begins, operation to start in 2019]. Yangtse Evening Post (in Chinese). 29 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
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  17. 1 2 3 "Luoyang metro construction begins quietly". Henan Daily News. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 2017-01-10.
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  19. "First phase of Nantong subway line 1 begins to build in China's Jiangsu". Xinhua | English.news.cn. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  20. 奋战100天!1号线凤林路站进入车站主体施工阶段 [Fight for 100 days! Line 1 Fenglin Road Station enters the main construction stage]. 浙江在线 [Zhejiang Online] (in Chinese). 24 July 2018. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
  21. 1 2 3 太原地铁2号线开工 预计2018年建成 [Construction for Line 2 of Taiyuan Metro begins, expected to be completed in 2018]. Xinhua (in Chinese). 3 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
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  42. حومه, پرتال سازمان قطار شهری اهواز و. "در بازدید استاندار خوزستان از پروژه ی قطار شهری اهواز عنوان شد: راه اندازی فاز اول خط یک تا پایان سال 1396 > پرتال سازمان قطار شهری اهواز و حومه". www.ahwazmetro.org.
  43. "باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان گزارش می‌دهد؛ قطار شهری کرج و رویای افتتاح/پروژه‌ای که 10 ساله شد و به ایستگاه پایانی نرسید". 28 June 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-29.
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Sources

Bibliography

  • Vuchic, Vukan R. (2007). Urban Transit Systems and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-75823-5.
  • Ovenden, Mark (2005). Metro Maps Of The World. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-288-7.
  • Hinkel, W.; Treiber, K.; Valenta, G.; Liebsch, H. (2004). Underground Railways Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow. Schmid Verlag. ISBN 3-900607-44-3.
  • Fischler, Stan (2000). Subways Of The World. MBI. ISBN 0-7603-0752-0.
  • Garbutt, Paul (1997). World Metro Systems. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-191-0.

Online resources

  • "Metros: Keeping pace with 21st century cities". uitp.org. International Association of Public Transport (French: L'Union internationale des transports publics (UITP)).
  • Taplin, Michael. "A world of trams and urban transit". lrta.org. Light Rail Transit Association.
  • Schwandl, Robert. "UrbanRail.Net". UrbanRail.Net.
  • "Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe" (pdf). European Rail Research Advisory Council & International Association of Public Transport (French: L'Union internationale des transports publics (UITP)). 2009.
  • "Public Transportation Fact Book". American Public Transportation Association (APTA). 2014.
  • European Metropolitan Transport Authorities (EMTA)
  • Metro List at CityRailTransit.com website
  • Openstreetmap subway project
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