Tbilisi Metro

Tbilisi Metro
Overview
Native name თბილისის მეტროპოლიტენი
tbilisis metropoliteni
Locale Tbilisi, Georgia
Transit type Rapid transit
Number of lines 2
Number of stations 23
Daily ridership ≈400 000 (avg. weekday)
Annual ridership 96.26 million (2013)[1]
Website Tbilisi Transport Company
Operation
Began operation 11 January 1966
Operator(s) Tbilisi Transport Company
Number of vehicles 170[2]
Train length 3–4 cars
Technical
System length 27.3 km (17.0 mi)[2]
Average speed 33.2 km/h (20.6 mph)
Top speed 90 kilometres per hour (56 mph)
System map

The Tbilisi Metro (Georgian: თბილისის მეტროპოლიტენი) is a rapid transit metro system in Tbilisi, Georgia. Opened on 11 January 1966, it was the fourth metro system in the former Soviet Union. Like other ex-Soviet metros, most of the stations are very deep and vividly decorated.

The Tbilisi Metro comprises two lines, 27.3 kilometres (17.0 mi) in total length, serving 23 stations.[2] In 2012, the Metro transported 93.9 million passengers, a significant increase on the 85.6 million passengers served in 2011.[3] In 2013, the Metro transported 96.26 million passengers.[1] The ridership increased to 105 million in 2016.[4] The Metro is operated by the Tbilisi Transport Company, which began operation the same year as the Tbilisi Metro, in 1966.[5]

Network

Avlabari metro station
Isani metro station
Tsereteli metro station
Didube metro station
Current lines
# Name Opened Length Stations
1 Akhmeteli–Varketili Line 1966 19.6 km (12.2 mi) 16
2 Saburtalo Line 1979 7.7 km (4.8 mi) 7
TOTAL: 27.3 km (17.0 mi) 23

Timeline

SegmentDate openedLength
Didube-Rustaveli January 11, 1966 6.3 km
Rustaveli-300 Aragveli November 6, 1967 3.5 km
300 Aragveli-Samgori May 5, 1971 2.4 km
Sadguris Moedani-Delisi September 15, 1979 5.5 km
Samgori-Varketili November 8, 1985 1.7 km
Didube-Guramishvili November 16, 1985 3.4 km
Guramishvili-Akhmetelis Teatri January 7, 1989 2.3 km
Delisi-Vazha-Pshavela April 2, 2000 1.2 km
Vazha-Pshavela-State University October 16, 2017 1.0 km
Total: 23 stations 27.3 km

Operation

As of 2018, the system consists of two lines, serving 23 stations, operating on 27.3 kilometres (17.0 mi) of route and 62.5 kilometres (38.8 mi) of track.[2] Of the 23 stations, 21 stations are below ground and two are surface level. Of the subterranean stations, 17 are deep level and 4 shallow. The former comprise 6 pylon stations, 5 column and 6 single vaults (built to the Leningrad Technology). The shallow stations consist of three pillar-trispans and one single vault (Kharkov Technology). Due to Tbilisi's uneven landscape, the Metro, particularly the Akhmeteli-Varketili line, has one surface-level section.

An estimated total of 105.6 million people used the Metro annually as at 2005,[6] though the actual figure by 2012 was closer to 94 million.[1] Carrying them are a fleet of 170 Soviet-built rail cars, consisting of the 81–717/714 and Еzh3 models, which operate from two depots. Station platforms are built to accommodate five-carriage trains, though four- and three-car trains respectively operate on Line 1 and Line 2

Trains run from a little before 6:00 am (exact times vary depending on the station) until midnight,[7] with intervals ranging between 2 1/2 minutes at peak times to 12 minutes later in the night. Train speeds are 60–90 kilometres per hour, while the average trip speed is slightly over 33 kilometres per hour.

Fares

The Tbilisi Metro uses a flat-fare system of 50 tetri per journey. Tokens are no longer used, and riders must purchase for 2 lari a Metromoney Card (a stored value card available at metro stations), onto which they can add fares. The card allows riders to re-enter the system for 90 minutes upon leaving it at no charge.[8]

History

Tbilisi (officially known as Tiflis until 1936), capital of Georgia, was considered historically to be one of the most important cities of the Soviet Union, particularly in view of its political position as being the most significant city in the Caucasus and the capitol of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic which lasted until 1936. The city grew quite rapidly during the 19th and 20th centuries, and apart from being a cultural and political centre, it was also an important transport hub in Transcaucasia and an industrial center as well. All this contributed to the need for a rapid transit Metro system.

Construction began in 1952. Tbilisi was the one of the only cities of the former USSR where the construction of the Metro system started before the resident population exceeded one million. A population over one million was one of the main criteria for building a metro system in Soviet cities. On 11 January 1966, the Tbilisi Metro was opened: it was the first and only Metro system in Georgia and the fourth one in the former Soviet Union (after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Kiev), when the first six stations were opened. Since then, the system has steadily grown to a two line, 23 station network.

During the 1990s, most of the Soviet-era station names were changed, although financial difficulties after the breakup of the Soviet Union hit the Metro particularly hard in its infrastructure, operations, and extensions. In the early-mid 1990s the Tbilisi metro was usually not working due to the lack of electricity.[9] Until recently, the Metro had been underfunded and operated in severe difficulties due to poor electrical supply. It had also become infamous for widespread petty crime, like pickpocketing and mugging. In addition, there have been several incidents at metro stations in recent years. On October 9, 1997, a former policeman blew himself up at Didube station. On 14 February 2000, a teenager threw a homemade hand grenade into a metro station, injuring several people. In March 2004, several people were poisoned by an unidentified gas while using the Metro.

However, the crime has reduced as a result of security and administration reforms in the system from 2004 to 2005. Other services have also significantly improved.

Currently, the Tbilisi Metro system is undergoing a major rehabilitation effort, including the reconstruction of the stations as well as modernization of trains and other facilities. The city's 2006 budget allocated 16 million lari for this project. Former President of Georgia promised to make the Metro a most prestigious public transport system, and charged Director General of Tbilisi Metro, Zurab Kikalishvili, in late 2005, to bring the metro up to European standards by 2007. In subsequent years, however, the upgrade process has slowed significantly, and as of July 2010, the Tbilisi metro rail was still far from its target standard. In January 2012 construction was scheduled to start on a frozen extension of the Saburtalo Line from the Vazha-Pshavela station to the new Sakhelmtsipo Universiteti (State University) station, of which 80% of the work was completed during the Soviet era. Financed by the Asian Development Bank, construction was restarted in July 2015 and the station is scheduled to open in September 2017.[10] The station was finally opened to the public on 16 October 2017.

Future

The system had also an advanced extension plan, with a third line, amongst other locations, encompass the district of Vake. Forming a typical Soviet triangle with three-line six radii layout intersecting in the city centre. However, most of the construction sites remain frozen, some dating to Soviet times.

There are also plans to return a tram network in Tbilisi.[11]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Annual Report 2012" (PDF). Tbilisi Transport Company. p. 18. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Annual Report 2012" (PDF). Tbilisi Transport Company. pp. 24–27. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  3. ↑ "Annual Report 2013" (PDF). Tbilisi Transport Company. pp. 24–27. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  4. ↑ Lomsadze, Giorgi (7 February 2018). "Tbilisi Metro Collapse Evokes Memories of the Dark 90s". Eurasianet. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  5. ↑ "Tbilisi Transport Company". Tbilisi Transport Company. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  6. ↑ State Department of Statistics of Georgia
  7. ↑ "Tbilisi Transport Company". ttc.com.ge. Archived from the original on 2016-11-28.
  8. ↑ "Standard tariff and discounts". Tbilisi Transport Company. 30 June 2012. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  9. ↑ Goltz, Thomas (2006). Georgia Diary: A Chronicle of War and Political Chaos in the Post-Soviet Caucasus. Sharpe. ISBN 0-765617-102.
  10. ↑ "Новая станция метро в Тбилиси заработает в мае 2017 года" [New metro station in Tbilisi will operate from May 2017]. Sputnik Georgia. 8 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
  11. ↑ "Tbilisi tram design contract signed". Railway Gazette International. 22 December 2010. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
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