List of defunct department stores of the United States

This is a list of defunct department stores of the United States, from small-town one-unit stores to mega-chains, which have disappeared over the past 100 years. Many closed, while others were sold or merged with other department stores.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Department stores merged with Federated and May

Many United States department store chains and local department stores, some with long and proud histories, went out of business or lost their identities between 1990 and 2005 as the result of a complex series of corporate mergers and acquisitions that involved Federated Department Stores and The May Department Stores Company with many stores becoming units of Macy's, Inc.. The following is a list of the affected stores, including some local and regional stores that earlier had been absorbed into chains that became part of Federated, May, or Macy's.

Other department stores

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

  • MM Cohn (Little Rock), 2007
  • Gus Blass and Company Little Rock. Merged with Pfeifer Brothers and became Pfeifer Blass; became Dillards in 1974
  • Pfeifer Brothers Little Rock. Merged with Gus Blass and Company and became Pfeifer Blass; became Dillards in 1974

California

  • A.G.E.
  • The Akron (Los Angeles), a Southern California-based "eclectic" department store chain that had specialized in carrying imported goods and unusual items such as parking meters and live Mexican monkeys, and which had stores as far north as San Francisco and far south as San Diego before it was forced to close it stores in 1985[4][5][6]
  • Blum's (San Jose), originally M. Blum & Co., established 1907;[7] store appears to have closed shortly after death of owner and founder in 1940[8]
  • The Broadway (Los Angeles), converted to Macy's
  • Brock's (Bakersfield), started in 1924 and sold to Gottschalks in 1987[9][10]
  • Breuner's
  • Buffum's
  • Bullock's (Los Angeles), converted to Macy's
  • Bullocks Wilshire (Los Angeles), converted to I. Magnin, then Macy's
  • Butler Brothers (California)
  • Carithers's (Petaluma), closed in 1986[11]
  • CBSS (Sacramento)
  • H. C. Capwell Co. (Oakland), merged with Emporium in 1929 to form the Emporium Capwell Co. holding company, Emporium-Capwell was acquired by Broadway-Hale Stores in 1970, Broadway-Hale Stores later became Carter Hawley Hale Stores and then Broadway Stores, Inc.; during this time, Capwell kept its name until 1979[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]
  • City of Paris Dry Goods Co. (San Francisco), became City of Paris by Liberty House. Demolished except the rotunda, now part of Neiman Marcus.
  • Crowley's (Vallejo)
  • Daly's (Eureka), closed in 1995, with four Northern California stores, after operating for exactly 100 years[19]
  • Desmond's
  • Disco Department Stores (San Rafael), chain of discount stores located in Northern California and Northern Nevada, first store was opened in San Rafael in 1956 as Marin Associated Consumers by co-founder William L. Simmons,[20] stores were later renamed MAC Disco Mart and then MAC Disco Discount Department Stores,[21] chain sold to Daylin in 1966 and renamed Disco Discount Department Stores, first store outside of Northern California opened in Reno in 1968,[22] stores were closed by 1975 due to financial problems with parent company[23]
  • Fedco
  • FedMart
  • Fedway (Los Angeles) – first store in this division opened (in Texas) in 1952 by Federated Department Stores; Westwood store (first in California) opened in 1953; all stores closed and sold off in 1968[24][25][26][27][28]
  • Frink's (Pasadena), founded by Jose and Lola Frink in the early twentieth century, but closed by mid-century[29]
  • Gemco
  • Goodman's (San Francisco)
  • Gottschalks, bankrupt March 31, 2009, which closed all of the stores.[30] A few former Gottschalks stores were replaced as Macy's and Forever 21 in the Pacific region. There were plans to reopen stores in Auburn, Clovis and Oakhurst in spring 2011,[31][32] but the deal ultimately fell through.[33]
    • Gottschalks Mainline, clearance, etc.
  • GET (Government Employees Together)[34] Lakeshore Plaza, San Francisco, discount chain, a membership retailer open only to employees of local, state, and federal government agencies.
  • Grodin's (San Francisco Bay Area), a 36-unit chain of men's and women's specialty stores, closed in January 1987.[35]
  • Graysons
  • Hale's (Hale Brothers) (Sacramento/San Francisco), merged with Broadway in 1970 to form the Broadway-Hale holding company while keep its name on its stores,[18][36][37][38][39] merged into The Emporium under Carter, Hawley & Hale
  • A. Hamburger & Sons (Los Angeles), founded in 1881, purchased by May Co. 1923 and renamed May Company California[40][41][42][43][44][45]
    Christmas advertisement for Hamburger's Department Store, Los Angeles, 1905
  • Harris Department Store, absorbed by Gottschalks
  • Hart's Department Store (San Jose)[46]
  • Henshey's (Santa Monica), finally closed in 1992 after being in business since 1925[47][48]
  • Hilson's (Martinez), three locations closed 2001[49]
  • Hink's (Berkeley), also known as J.F. Hink & Son, closed in 1985[50]
  • Hinshaw's (Arcadia and Whittier), both stores were closed in 1992[51]
  • Jeremys (San Francisco, Berkeley) closed 2016
  • Kahn's (Oakland), founded by Israel Kahn in 1879, acquired by newly formed B. F. Schlesinger & Sons in 1925,[52][53][54] B.F. Schlesinger & Sons was renamed Western Department Stores in 1941, Kahn was rebranded Rhodes in 1960[55][56]
  • Levee's (Vallejo), closed in the early 1980s[57]
  • Liberty House (became Macy's)
  • H. Liebes (San Francisco), liquidated when its parent company, Beck Industries, filed for bankruptcy in 1970[58][59]
  • I. Magnin (San Francisco), converted to Macy's
  • Joseph Magnin Co., closed 1984
  • Mattei Bros. (Petaluma) – closed in 1995[60]
  • May Company (Los Angeles), converted to Robinsons-May, then Macy's
  • Mervyn's of California, operated stores in western US. Went bankrupt December 2008
  • F.C. Nash & Co. – Nash's (Pasadena), at one time had 5 stores in downtown locations in neighboring small cities during the 1950s and 1960s, founded in 1889 as a grocery store, became a department store in 1921, branch stores were unable to compete with larger chains opening in malls built in the late 1960s and early 1970s and had to be closed, main store destroyed in a daytime fire on May 11, 1976[61][62][63][64][65]
  • O'Connor, Moffat & Co., purchased by Macy's 1945,[66] name changed to Macy's 1947[67]
  • Pic 'N' Save
  • Prager's (San Francisco), closed in 1921 after 25 years in business[68][69]
  • Rhodes (Sacramento and Central Valley), became Liberty House
  • J.W. Robinson (Los Angeles), converted to Robinsons-May, then Macy's
  • Rosenberg's (Santa Rosa), located on Third Street; closed in 1998;[70] now a Barnes & Noble
  • Two Guys
  • Unimart (Los Angeles, San Diego), locations variously became Two Guys, Gemco, FedMart; was owned by Food Giant Markets Inc until it merged in 1967 with Vornado, the owner of Two Guys, which quickly converted Unimart stores to Two Guys.[71][72]
  • Walker's (Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Diego), main store in downtown Los Angeles was also known as the Fifth Street Store since it was located at the corner of Fifth and Broadway, main store was founded in 1905 as Steele, Faris, Walker Co., later became Muse, Faris, Walker Co., and then finally Walker Inc. in 1924; opened first branch store in Long Beach in the late 1920s; opened a branch store in San Diego in 1935; San Diego store separated in the early 1950s; opened second Long Beach store in 1954; closed Los Angeles store; sold Long Beach stores in 1960 and store renamed[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]
  • Walker Scott (San Diego), Solana Beach branch is now a HomeGoods store; founded as a branch of the Walker Department Store of Los Angeles in 1935;[88] close Walker associate George Scott became president in 1951 following death of Eliza Walker, widow of the deceased founder, in 1951; name of store changed to Walker-Scott in 1955; downtown store closed in 1984; all stores closed by 1986[89][90][91]
  • Weinstein's (1041 Market Street San Francisco), founded by Isidor Weinstein, went bankrupt in 1968[68][92][93][94]
  • Weinstock's (Sacramento), founded in 1874 as the One-Price Store by David Lubin and his half brother Harris Weinstein, renamed Mechanics' Store the following year, later renamed The Weinstock Lubin Company, acquired by Hale Bros. 1949, eventually acquired by Federated in 1995 via various mergers of its parent company, stores eventually rebranded Macy's[95][96]
  • White Front
  • The White House (San Francisco), closed in 1965[97]
  • Whole Earth Access (Berkeley), last stores closed in 1998[98]
  • Zody's (Los Angeles), bankrupt and locations were sold to Ralphs Grocery Stores in 1986

Colorado

Connecticut

Treasure City Bloomfield, Manchester, Newington, Wethersfield CT

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

  • Adler's (Savannah)
  • Chamberlin-Johnson-DuBose (Atlanta)
  • Cofer Bros. (Tucker)
  • Cullum's (Augusta), higher-end department store
  • Davison's (Atlanta), owned by Macy's since 1925 and converted to Macy's in 1986
  • The Fahy Store (Rome)
  • Fine's (Savannah)
  • Goldstein's (Marietta)
  • Hogan's (Savannah)
  • J.B. White (Augusta), became Dillard's in 1998 after J.B. White name was retired
  • J. M. High Company (Atlanta)
  • J.P. Allen (Atlanta), women's store only, men's store run separately named Zachry
  • Jones (Canton)
  • Kessler's (Atlanta), also locations in Rome, Newnan and Canton; low-end chain that closed in 1995
  • Kirven's (Columbus), also one store in LaGrange
  • Leon Frohsin's (Atlanta)
  • Levy's (Savannah), converted to Maas Brothers in 1987
  • Michael Brothers (Athens), bought out by Davison-Paxon, later Davison's
  • Muse's (Atlanta), later operated mostly as a specialty shop
  • Regenstein's (Atlanta), higher-end department store that closed in the late 1970s
  • Rich's (Atlanta), acquired by Macy's
  • Saul's (Marietta), closed in the 1970s
  • Uptons (Atlanta), liquidated in 1999; regional chain similar to Kohl's

Hawaii

Idaho

  • Block's Department Store (Idaho Falls and region) It was a Pocatello-based department store chain that had stores in Idaho and Utah and was liquidated in 1986.[100] Not to be confused with the Indianapolis-based William H. Block Co. which was also known as "Block's".
  • Davids (Moscow)
  • Idaho Department Store (southern Idaho) Caldwell-based department store chain that was purchased by the P.N. Hirsch division of Interco in 1966 when it had 25 stores and had survived at least to the mid 1980s.[101] The chain was still a part of Interco when P.N. Hirsch was sold in 1983[102] but there is no mention of the chain in print after that point.
  • King's Variety Store

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

  • ALCO Stores
  • Boston Store (Wichita)
  • Bucks Department Store (Wichita)
  • David's (Stores purchased and converted to ALCO) (Wichita)
  • Eckle's (Dodge City)
  • Henry's (Wichita)
  • Hinkles (Wichita)
  • Innes (Wichita)
  • Newman's (Arkansas City)
  • Walker's (Wichita)
  • Woolf Brothers (Wichita)


Kentucky

Louisiana

  • Abdalla's (Lafayette), last store closed in 2005
  • Beall-Ladymon (Shreveport), purchased from Horace Ladymon by Stage Stores, Inc. in 1994. Stores converted to Stage soon thereafter.
  • Dalton's (Baton Rouge)
  • Godchaux's (New Orleans), on Canal Street; closed in 1986
  • Goudchaux's (Baton Rouge), purchased by Maison Blanche in the 1980s, converted to that nameplate exclusively soon after
  • D. H. Holmes (New Orleans), purchased by Dillard's in 1989
  • Krauss, 1903–1997
  • Maison Blanche (New Orleans), last operated under that name by Mercantile Stores Co. Remaining Maison Blanche stores converted to Dillard's in 1998.
  • M. Levy & Co. (Shreveport), last store closed June 9, 1979.
  • Muller's (Lake Charles), closed in 1986
  • The Palace (Monroe)
  • Palais Royal (Shreveport), purchased by Wellan's of Alexandria 1985. Rebranded and later closed. Stage later revived the name after their purchase of Wellan's.
  • Rosenfield's (Baton Rouge)
  • Rubenstein's (Shreveport), shuttered in 1987.
  • Selber Bros. (Shreveport), begun in 1907, purchased by and converted to Dillard's in 1988[145]
  • Weiss & Goldring (Alexandria), main store closed in 2005, now operates as a 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) men's store
  • West Brothers, Minden
  • WF Beall & Co. (Shreveport), converted to Beall-Ladymon in the 1980s.
  • The White House (Lake Charles), Beaumont, Texas-based department store, closed in the early 1990s

Maine

Maryland

  • Acme (Dundalk, Baltimore)
  • Bradleys (Dundalk, Baltimore)
  • Braeger Gutman's (Baltimore)
    • Braeger (Baltimore) merged with Gutmans, became Braeger Gutman's
    • Gutman's (Baltimore) merged with Braeger, became Braeger Gutman's
  • Cooks (Dundalk, Baltimore)
  • Epstein's (Baltimore), started on Eastern Ave. and spread to the suburbs
  • Evan's (Virginia and Maryland suburbs)
  • Eyerly's (Hagerstown and Frederick), bought by Bon-Ton in 1946 and changed name to Bon-Ton in the mid-to-late-1970s
  • Floyds Discount Department Store (Randallstown)
  • Garfinckel's (Washington, D.C., and Maryland suburbs)
  • G.C. Murphy's ( Harundale Mall) Glen Burnie, Maryland
  • Hamburgers[146] (Baltimore) Originally Isaac Hamburger & Son's clothiers
  • Hecht's (Washington, DC, Baltimore, and Maryland suburbs), converted to Macy's 2006
  • Hochschild Kohn's (Baltimore and Maryland suburbs)
  • Hutzler's (Baltimore and Maryland suburbs)
  • S. Klein (Beltway Plaza, Greenbelt)
  • S.S. Kresge ( Harundale Mall) Gen Burnie, Maryland
  • Lansburgh's (Rockville)
  • Lazarus (Cumberland)
  • M. Lurie & Co. (15 W Lexington St) (Baltimore, Maryland)<1921 Report of Chamber of Commerce of Metropolitan Baltimore>
  • Peskins (Cumberland)
  • Rosenbaum Brothers (Cumberland)
  • Stewart's (Baltimore and Maryland suburbs)
  • Sunny's Surplus (Baltimore, Dundalk, Elkridge, Towson)
  • Woodward & Lothrop aka Woodies (Washington, D. C. and Maryland suburbs)

Massachusetts

Michigan

  • Arbaugh's (Department Store) Lansing, closed in 1969
  • Arlan's Department Store (Detroit)
  • B. Siegel (Detroit), seven stores at the chain's peak, closed in 1981
  • Colonial (Detroit)
  • Crowley's (Detroit), sold to Value City in 1999
  • Demerey's (Detroit), purchased by Crowley's in 1974
  • Eggleston's (Rochester) See Mitzelfeld's
  • E.J. Korvette Korvette's Founded 1948, Bankrupt 1980
  • The Fair (Lansing, Flint)
  • Federal's (Detroit), discount department store, closed in 1980.
  • L.H. Field's (Jackson), department store, closed in 1987.
  • Gilmore Brothers (Kalamazoo), closed in 1999
  • Goodyear's (Ann Arbor)
  • Grand Leader (Battle Creek)[147]
  • Heavenrich's (Saginaw)
  • Herpolsheimer's (Grand Rapids, Muskegon), sold to Lazarus in 1988
  • Himelhoch Brothers & Company (Detroit), closed in 1977
  • Houseman's (Grand Rapids)
  • Hudson's (Detroit), rebranded to Marshall Field & Company in 2001, then Macy's in 2006
  • J.W. Knapp's (Lansing), also included Smith Bridgman's of Flint; all three buildings were sold to J. C. Penney in the 1980s
  • Jacobson's (Jackson), independent regional luxury department store chain located primarily in Michigan and Florida, but also operated stores in Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and Kansas. The last store closed its doors in early 2002. Then, one store in Winter Park, Florida was re-established as Jacobson's in 2004.
  • John Preih Mercantile Co. (Mount Clemens), closed June 1982
  • Kern's (Detroit), closed in 1959
  • Kresge's and S. S. Kresge (Michigan), later K-Mart Corporation, then Sears Holdings Corporation is frequently credited with invention of the modern discount department store with the opening of Kmart in 1962. The last Kresge's store in Livonia, Michigan closed in 1987. Stores included lunch counters and fountain service as well as full department stores. It also operated Jupiter stores which were a smaller-scale version of Kresge's and located in downmarket or declining commercial districts (the equivalent of a "dollar store" division of Kresge's). Jupiter stores, unlike Kresge and Kmart stores, sold 'factory seconds' merchandise.
  • May's of Michigan (Grand Rapids)
  • Milliken's (Traverse City)
  • Miracle Mart (Detroit) 8 Mile Road
  • Mitzelfeld's (Rochester) S. Main Street. Opened as Eggleston's in 1939, and became Eggleston-Mitzelfeld's in 1949 before becoming Mitzelfeld's. Closed in 2004.
  • People's Outfitting Company (Detroit)
  • Robinson's (Battle Creek)[147]
  • Rogers Department Store (Grand Rapids)
  • Smith Bridgman (Flint)[148]
  • Steketee's (Grand Rapids)
  • Toeller's (Battle Creek), sold to L. W. Robinson Co. in 1971[147]
  • Topps (Redford Township), Telegraph & Schoolcraft; (Warren), 13 Mile & Van Dyke; all closed by 1974[149]
  • Winkelman's (Detroit), purchased by Petrie Stores in 1983; closed during bankruptcy in 1998[150]
  • Wurzburg's (Grand Rapids)
  • Yankee Stores, discount store with locations in Michigan and Ohio; closed in 1974
  • Zolkower Department Stores with multiple locations in the Detroit area from 1919 until 1962. Stores were located in Del Ray, Allen Park, Dearborn and Farmington.

Minnesota

  • Alfred Olson Co. (Milaca), 1903-2006.
  • Brett's (Mankato), 1858–1992
  • H. Choate & Co. (Winona), est. 1861
  • Dayton's (Minneapolis), est. 1902, converted to Marshall Field & Company in 2001, then Macy's 2006
  • Donaldson's (Minneapolis), est. 1883, converted to Carson Pirie Scott in 1987 and closed in 1995
  • Dueber's Inc. (Waconia)
  • Emporium (St. Paul), closed 1968
  • Fandel's Department Store (St. Cloud), 1882–1986
  • Field Schlick Co. (St. Paul), closed 1979
  • Frank Murphy's (St. Paul)
  • Glass Block (Duluth), 1887-1998
  • Golden Rule (St. Paul), est. 1886, merged with Donaldson's in 1961, closed in 1992
  • Lewis' Department Store (Cambridge), 1902-1991
  • C.F. Massey Co (Rochester)
  • Ochs (Faribault)
  • Panton & White (Duluth), est. 1887, name changed to Glass Block 1913, multiple sales and mergers 1994 & 1998, now Younkers
  • Powers Dry Goods (Minneapolis), est. 1881, acquired by Associated Dry Goods in 1920, merged with Donaldson's in 1985
  • Rothschild's (St. Paul), merged with Young Quinlan in the 1940s
  • Salkin & Linoff (Minneapolis)
  • Schuneman & Evans (St. Paul), est. 1890, bought by Dayton's and became Dayton-Schuneman in 1959, then Dayton's in 1963, converted to Marshall Field & Company in 2001, then Macy's 2006, closed 2013
  • Sunders Jordan Minnesota
  • John W. Thomas & Company (Minneapolis)
  • Van Arsdell's
  • Young Quinlan (Minneapolis), 1894-1985, merged with Rothschild's in the 1940s

Mississippi

  • Abney's Department Store (Bay Springs)
  • Egger's Department Store (Columbus)
  • The Emporium (Jackson)
  • Fine Bros.-Madison (Laurel/Hattiesburg)
  • J.J. Gordon's Store (Fayette)
  • Iupe's (Canton)
  • Kennington's, acquired by McRae's
  • The Lampton Co. (Columbia)
  • Alex Loeb (Meridian/Laurel)
  • Marks-Rothenberg (Meridian)
  • McRae's (Jackson), acquired by Belk in 2006
  • Waldoff's (Hattiesburg)
  • W.E. Walker Stores (Jackson)

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

  • Joyce-Pruitt
  • Ilfeld's
  • Populer Dry Good (Las Cruces) In bussniess from 1902 to November 6th,1995

New York

North Carolina

  • The Bon Marché (Asheville), acquired by Meyers-Arnold of Greenville SC in the late 1970s (not to be confused with the chain of the same name based in the Pacific Northwest)
  • Brody's (Kinston), acquired by Proffitt's in 1998
  • The Capitol (Fayetteville), established 1912, closed in 1990
  • The Collins Company (Charlotte), acquired by Peeble's in 1984
  • Ivey's (Charlotte), acquired by Dillard's in 1990
  • Sky City closed 1990
  • Spainhour's (Hickory, NC)
  • Waccamaw, closed 1998

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

  • C. R. Anthony (Anthony's) (Oklahoma City, other places in Oklahoma and Texas), acquired by Stage Stores, retained stores became part of Stage's Bealls chain
  • Brown Duncan (Tulsa)
  • John A. Brown (Oklahoma City), was part of Dayton Hudson; absorbed by Dillard's
  • Frougs (Tulsa)
  • Katz (Stillwater)
  • Kerr's (Oklahoma City)
  • Renberg's (Tulsa)
  • Rothschild's (Oklahoma City)
  • Scott-Halliburton (later Gloyd-Halliburton, McEwen-Halliburton, finally simply Halliburton's) (Oklahoma City)
  • Oertle's House of Name Brands Family Discount Department Stores (Tulsa, Broken Arrow)

Peyton-Marcus (Oklahoma City)[216]

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

  • Berry's on Main (Columbia), established 1940, closed 1982
  • Condon's (Charleston)
  • Edward's (Charleston)
  • Kerrison's (Charleston)
  • Meyers-Arnold (Greenville, South Carolina), acquired by American Retail Group, who then converted the stores to Uptons in 1987
  • Tapp's (Columbia), established 1903 as The James L. Tapp Company, closed in 1995
  • The Capitol (Sumter), established 1927, closed 1982

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

  • Auerbachs
  • Buehler-Bingham (Ogden)
  • S. H. Kress & Co
  • Mervyns (the chain may come back, by the Morris decisions)
  • Fred Meyer
  • The Paris
  • ZCMI (Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution), founded and operated by the LDS Church until purchased by May Company (1999), became Meier and Frank in 2003, some stores sold to Dillard's, others became Macy's in 2005

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

National and regional

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lisicky, Michael J. & Ladd, Lincoln Filene (2012). Filene's: Boston's Great Specialty Store. Arcadia Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 9780738591582.
  2. ↑ Swant, Martin (13 June 2011). "Mazer Discount Superstore is closing, owner says". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  3. ↑ http://babbittsbackcountry.com/about-us/
  4. ↑ "Thrifty Drugs Buys 40% Interest in Akron Stores". Los Angeles Times. April 10, 1976. p. C11. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  5. ↑ Rivera, Nancy (November 10, 1984). "Akron to Sell Leases to 17 of Its 20 Stores". Los Angeles Times. p. D1. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  6. ↑ Bernstein, Harry (February 6, 1985). "AFL-CIO Feels the Heat From Key Democrats: Problems at Akron". Los Angeles Times.
  7. ↑ "Blum's 20th Anniversary Sale, M. Blum & Co, The Style Center of San Jose (Ad)". San Jose Evening News. November 17, 1927.
  8. ↑ "M. Blum & Co. Not To Be Liquidated". Women's Wear Daily. 61 (53). September 13, 1940. p. 40. Link via ProQuest.
  9. ↑ Lull, Gordon F. (April 2011). "Kern County Shapers". Bakersfield Magazine. 28. Archived from the original on 2015-09-04.
  10. ↑ Wenner, Gretchen; Cox, John & Edelhart, Courtenay (March 31, 2009). "Gottschalks: Over and out starts now". Bakersfield Californian. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013.
  11. ↑ Rinehart, Katherine J. (January 3, 2013). "Streamline-Style Building One of Petaluma's Sleekest". Sonoma County Local History & Genelogy.
  12. ↑ http://www.thedepartmentstoremuseum.org/2010/06/h-c-capwell-co-oakland-california.html
  13. ↑ "New Department Store: Capwell, Sullivan & Furth Formed; E.C. Capwell Expected to Head". Wall Street Journal. May 13, 1929. p. 7. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  14. ↑ "Emporium Capwell Co". Wall Street Journal. May 4, 1929. p. 4. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  15. ↑ "Higher Profits in Store For Emporium Capwell". Barron's. 50 (11). March 16, 1970. pp. 26, 29. Link via ProQuest.
  16. ↑ "Emporium Capwell Co. Meeting Is Adjourned Due to Merger Talks". Wall Street Journal. April 24, 1970. p. 6. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  17. ↑ "Emporium Capwell Co., Broadway-Hale Stores Agree to a Merger". Wall Street Journal. May 12, 1970. p. 16. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  18. 1 2 David, Kelly (August 15, 1995). "Retailing Mega-Merger: Broadway Stores' Convoluted History". Los Angeles Times.
  19. ↑ Faulkner, Jessie (April 18, 2008). "Daly's 'family' celebrates 20 years of gathering". Eureka Times-Standard.
  20. ↑ "They Said It Couldn't Be Done, Northpoint Pier, Warren L Simmons, California '47" (PDF). The Shield of Phi Kappa Psi. Phi Kappa Psi. Fall 1977. p. 11.
  21. ↑ "June 15 Start Slated On $2 Million Store". Eureka Humboldt Standard. May 23, 1964. pp. 1, 13. (Subscription required (help)). (Page 13) Alternate Link(Page 13) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  22. ↑ "New Disco Store Open To Crowds". Nevada State Journal. November 14, 1968. p. 12. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  23. ↑ Adler, Lee (February 10, 1975). "Carson Disco to close". Reno Evening Gazette. p. 1. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  24. ↑ "Fedway Store Leases Space in Westwood". Los Angeles Times. April 29, 1952. p. 27. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  25. ↑ "Federated Sells Division". Los Angeles Times. May 14, 1968. p. B14. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  26. ↑ "Fedway to Open Store in Westwood Monday". Los Angeles Times. August 6, 1953. p. 31. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  27. 1 2 "Fedway to Open Southwest Chain With 7 Stores Costing $20,000,000: Fedway Will Open Southwest". New York Times. May 21, 1952. p. 39. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  28. ↑ "Federated Stores Plans To Close Its Operation In Bakersfield, Calif". Wall Street Journal. November 28, 1967. p. 6. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  29. ↑ "Former Frink Property Acquired by Data Express, Inc.". Pasadena Business, April 1960, Page 29.
  30. ↑ Chang, Andrea (April 1, 2009). "Gottschalks is going out of business: The 105-year-old regional department store chain plans to liquidate after failing to successfully reorganize its operations under Chapter 11 bankruptcy". Los Angeles Times.
  31. ↑ Sheehan, Tim (January 15, 2011). "Gottschalks still lingers in bankruptcy". Fresno Bee.
  32. ↑ Gumz, Jondi (May 3, 2010). "Gottschalks building for sale or lease". Denver Post. Archived from the original on June 7, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Former Gottschalks CEO Joe Levy dies at 82". Fresno Bee. February 11, 2014.
  34. ↑ http://www.outsidelands.org/streetwise-neighborhood-shops.php
  35. ↑ "Say Grodins chain will be closed by Jan. 31". Daily News Record. November 6, 1986 – via Highbeam.com.
  36. ↑ "Broadway, Hale Merger Voted". Los Angeles Times. June 16, 1950. p. 25. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  37. ↑ Getze, John (January 6, 1977). "Hawley Named Chief of Broadway Stores Parent". Los Angeles Times. p. D10. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  38. ↑ Watson, Peter (August 28, 1970). "Merger Completed, Broadway Reports Earnings Decline: Broadway". Los Angeles Times. p. C15. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
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  41. ↑ "Sale Marks Birthday Of Store Here: May Company Celebrates Founding Forty-six". Los Angeles Times. July 21, 1927. p. A20. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
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  46. ↑ Herhold, Scott (December 21, 2011). "Herhold: Remembering old downtown San Jose's signature department store". Mercury News.
  47. ↑ "Other News". Los Angeles Times. June 4, 1992.
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  51. ↑ White, George (June 27, 1992). "Hinshaw's final sale brought out the crowds . . . : . . . that weren't there a week ago. : Departed Stores : Hinshaw's in Arcadia Is Latest Retailer to Be Squeezed Out". Los Angeles Times.
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  53. ↑ "Chain Acquires Tacoma Store; B.F. Schlesinger & Sons Buy Department Firm; Rhodes Bros. Inc., Operated for Thirty Years Local Bankers Will Effect New Financing". Los Angeles Times. July 21, 1925. p. 11. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  54. ↑ "Store Chain Reorganized: Schlesinger Units In West to Operate Separately". New York Times. August 19, 1933. p. 16. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  55. ↑ Hayes, Elinor (August 17, 1960). "Kahn's Department Stores Changing Name to Rhodes". Oakland Tribune. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  56. ↑ Allen, Annalee & Clausen, Edmund (2005). Oakland. Arcadia Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 9780738530147. OCLC 62146939.
  57. ↑ Kern, James E. (2004). Vallejo. Arcadia Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 9780738529097. OCLC 56829052.
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  68. 1 2 Kelley, Tim (June 30, 2011). "Historical Context Statement, Mid-Market Historical Survey, Conducted for The San Francisco Redevelopment Agency" (PDF). Tim Kelley Consulting.
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  71. ↑ "Vornado Inc., Food Giant Inc. OK Merger". Schenectady Gazette. September 30, 1967. p. 19.
  72. ↑ "Vornado Realty Trust History". Funding Universe.
  73. ↑ "Walker's Store To Slice Cake Today". Los Angeles Times. October 7, 1926. p. A10. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  74. ↑ "Silver Jubilee On At Walker's: Fifth-Street Store Observes Twenty-Fifth Anniversary". Los Angeles Times. October 5, 1930. p. A3. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  75. ↑ "R. M. Walker Funeral Set: Company's Stores To Close Tuesday When Rites Will Be Conducted". Los Angeles Times. August 30, 1935. p. 12. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
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  77. ↑ "Fifth St. Store Shares Offered". Los Angeles Times. October 18, 1944. p. 10. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  78. ↑ "Walker's Start Building East Long Beach Store". Los Angeles Times. July 25, 1954. p. A6. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  79. ↑ "$4,000,000 Store Opens, In Long Beach Center". Los Angeles Times. October 23, 1955. p. E26. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
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  81. ↑ "Succumbs: R. M. Walker Dies In East; Merchant Identified With Growth of Los Angeles for Thirty-five Years; R. M. Walker Dies In East; Store Owner, Clubman and Philanthropist Stricken on Buying Trip". Los Angeles Times. August 29, 1935. p. 1. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  82. ↑ "Handsome Department Store.: New Steele-Faris-Walker Emporium Of Dry Goods Opened--Inspected by a Large Crowd". Los Angeles Times. October 3, 1905. p. II6. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  83. ↑ "New Head And Expansion.: Former Chicago Business Man Becomes President Of Fifth-Street Store". Los Angeles Times. February 7, 1909. p. II8. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  84. ↑ "Fifth Street Store To Start Building.: Big Broadway Project Will Represent Investment of Over Million and a Half Dollars. Fine Structure to Rise at Fifth and Broadway". Los Angeles Times. August 14, 1921. p. V1. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  85. ↑ "Walker's Store in Change of Management". Los Angeles Times. April 13, 1957. p. 13. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  86. ↑ "Butler Bros. Unit Acquires L.B. Store". Los Angeles Times. May 8, 1960. p. G6. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  87. ↑ "City Products Buys Big Store In California". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 7, 1960. p. A5. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  88. ↑ "Walker's To Open In San Diego: Los Angeles Concern Leases Large Building for New Department Store". Los Angeles Times. June 21, 1935. p. A5. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  89. ↑ O'Reiley, Tim (September 2, 1985). "Walker-Scott Purchase Part of Ratner Expansion". San Diego Business Journal. 6 (6). p. 5. Link via ProQuest.
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  91. ↑ Ritter, Bill (November 8, 1986). "Walker-Scott to Close All 6 of Its San Diego Stores". Los Angeles Times.
  92. ↑ Weinstein Company reports, 1938-1968. OCLC 174263692.
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  96. ↑ Kassis, Annette (2012). Weinstock's: Sacramento's Finest Department Store. The History Press. ISBN 9781609494445. OCLC 798058249.
  97. ↑ http://www.thedepartmentstoremuseum.org/2012/01/the-white-house-san-francisco-california.html
  98. ↑ Emert, Carol (November 11, 1998). "Whole Earth Closing Last 3 Stores". San Francisco Chronicle.
  99. ↑ Singh, Vinti (17 May 2010). "Former Danbury mom and pop stores remembered". The News-Times. Retrieved 9 Dec 2017.
  100. ↑ "Liquidation sale held by Block's". WWD. 151 (112). June 10, 1986. p. 8. Block's, a chain of stores based here [Pocatello] for over 70 years, will close by June 21. The company, owned by Sy Block, president, is undergoing a liquidation sale and five of the 11 units are already closed. The chain's stores are in Idaho and Utah. At its peak, the chain had 14 stores. Link via ProQuest.
  101. ↑ "Interco Strides Toward Third Successive Peak". Barron's. April 17, 1967. p. 29. Interco made its first diversification move in 1964, when it bought for 337,679 shares P.N. Hirsch & Co., a chain of junior department stores. At the time, Hirsch had 105 stores. At the 1966 year-end, the division ran 210 stores, located in 16 states in the Midwest, Northwest and South. Last year eight stores were opened in the Midwest. The Hirsch division is also busily expanding in other ways. In January 1966, it purchased four department stores in northern California from W.R. Carithers & Sons, Inc., and in February, the unit acquired all the capital stock of Idaho Department Store Co., Caldwell, Idaho, a chain of 25 stores. In September, Interco acquired Central Hardware Co. and its subsidiary, Witte Hardware Co. Central operates a six-store chain of supermarket-type hardware stores located in Greater St. Louis Link via ProQuest.
  102. ↑ "Owners close Twin Falls store". Times-News (Idaho). April 18, 1984. p. B6. Idaho Department Store Co. is taking over the operations of an allied chain, P.N. Hirsch Co., after the sale of 275 Hirsch's 351 stores.
  103. ↑ Papajohn, George (October 12, 1987). "McDade & Co. Going Out Of Business". Chicago Tribune.
  104. ↑ https://www.vigo.lib.in.us/spc/timeline/subject/business
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  106. ↑ Erler, Susan (November 16, 2007). "Fetla's Valpo store to close; Inventory not sold will go to store in Knox". The Times of Northwest Indiana.
  107. ↑ Kasarda, Bob (November 17, 2007). "Fetla's falls to larger competitors; Store closing doors after more than 90 years". The Times of Northwest Indiana.
  108. ↑ Bailey, Jim (September 5, 2009). "Jim Bailey: Giant Store, Kmart were earliest discount stores". Anderson Herald Bulletin.
  109. ↑ Lane, James B. (1978). City of the Century: A History of Gary, Indiana. Indiana University Press. p. 202. ISBN 9780253111876. OCLC 3516434.
  110. ↑ Hamilton, Tom (September 30, 2009). "K & S Department Store". Kokomo Herald.
  111. ↑ King, Susan E. (2005). Richmond. Arcadia Publishing. p. 51. ISBN 9780738539942. OCLC 62470806.
  112. ↑ Hagan, Marylee (December 18, 2011). "Historical Treasure: Many memories of the downtown Meis Store". Terre Haute Tribune-Star.
  113. ↑ "Meis plans opening in October". Kokomo Tribune. August 9, 1987. p. 4. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  114. ↑ Podmolik, Mary ellen (November 21, 1986). "Meis chain to be mall tenant". Kokomo Tribune. p. 1. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  115. ↑ "Signs mark switch to Elder-Beerman". Kokomo Tribune. November 24, 1989. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  116. ↑ "No big changes planned at Meis". Kokomo Tribune. May 2, 1989. p. 2. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  117. ↑ Holecek, Andrea (January 22, 2010). "Former Minas employees, customers invited to be a part of history; Grandson of founder of defunct region landmark invites region residents to reminisce for his book". Times of Northwest Indiana.
  118. ↑ "The Root Store". Wabash Valley Profile. August 16, 2001. PDF
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  120. ↑ Fasig, Lisa Biank (August 4, 1998). "Dillard's sells Mercantile stores to May, Proffitt's". Cincinnati Enquirer.
  121. ↑ Oljace, Beth (November 27, 2011). "History: Downtown Anderson was the place to shop". Anderson Herald Bulletin.
  122. ↑ Hall, Forest M. (1922). "W.W. Wicks Enlisted When Sent On An Errand - Never Returned to Job - Came To Bloomington After War". Historic treasures: true tales of deeds with interesting data in the life of Bloomington, Indiana University and Monroe County--written in simple language and about real people, with other important things and illustrations. Indiana University Press. p. 141. OCLC 4699467.
  123. ↑ "Courthouse Square". The City of Bloomington.
  124. ↑ Barron, Jim & Barron, Kathie (2011). Wolf and Dessauer: Where Fort Wayne Shopped. The History Press. ISBN 9781609493349. OCLC 767725218.
  125. ↑ "Ziesels reunion". Elkhart Truth. September 16, 2009. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013.
  126. ↑ Lowe, Joe (May 16, 2012). "Calling All Former S.W. Andersons Employees". WOMI.
  127. ↑ Connelley, William Elsey & Coulter, Ellis Merton (1922). "Samuel Walter Anderson". In Kerr, Charles. History of Kentucky. 3. American Historical Society. p. 298. OCLC 680482713.
  128. ↑ S. W. Anderson Co. v. Glenn, 43 F.Supp. 334 (W.D. Ky. February 24, 1942).
  129. ↑ Boyd, Terry (June 8, 1998). "Dillard's says Bacons name will go". Louisville Business First.
  130. ↑ Kleber, John E., ed. (2001). "Ben Snyder's Department Store". The Encyclopedia of Louisville. p. 86. ISBN 9780813121000. OCLC 42726130.
  131. ↑ "Ben Synder Buys Mall Space". Bowling Green Daily News. November 30, 1978. p. 1A.
  132. ↑ Ribar, Richard (12 September 1979). "New mall opens its doors for business". Bowling Green Daily News. pp. 1A, 16A.
  133. ↑ Poole, Shelia M. (June 11, 1987). "Snyder's To Buy 5 Ayres Stores In Kentucky". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. B4. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewsBank.
  134. ↑ Poole, Shelia M. (July 13, 1987). "Snyder's Takes A Leap Forward Acquisition Of Ayres Stores A Key To Company's Plans". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. D1. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewsBank.
  135. ↑ "Pennsylvania-based Hess's buys Snyder's store chain". Bowling Green Daily News. 25 September 1987. p. 5-A.
  136. ↑ Cooper, Ron (October 5, 1987). "Sale Was Just One Tough Option Snyder's Faced". Business First. 4 (9). p. 1. Link via ProQuest.
  137. ↑ Jordan, Jim (December 25, 1987). "Snyder's To Be Renamed Hess's Department Stores". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. E8. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewsBank.
  138. ↑ Simmons, Amy (February 15, 1988). "Hess's Will Steer Middle-of-the-Road Course". Business First. 4 (28). p. 1. Link via ProQuest.
  139. ↑ Koier, Eve (December 26, 1988). "Hess's to Close Dixie Manor Store". Business First. 5 (21). p. 1. Link via ProQuest.
  140. ↑ http://www.isjl.org/kentucky-danville-encyclopedia.html
  141. ↑ Miller, Kenneth L. (2001). "H.P. Selman and Company". In Kleber, John E. The Encyclopedia of Louisville. p. 408. ISBN 9780813128900.
  142. ↑ "Stewart's, Ayres' announce Merger". Bowling Green Daily News. November 3, 1985. p. 4C.
  143. ↑ Miller, Kenneth L. (2001). "Stewart's Dry Goods Company". In Kleber, John E. The Encyclopedia of Louisville. pp. 851–852. ISBN 9780813121000. OCLC 42726130.
  144. ↑ "Landmark Lexington department store closes". Kentucky New Era. April 6, 1992. p. 1B.
  145. ↑ "Aaron Selber". Shreveport Times. August 14, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  146. ↑ Dresser, Michael (June 19, 1992). "Moves put Hamburgers' future in doubt Chain discusses selling its leases". Baltimore Sun.
  147. 1 2 3 Thornton, Kurt (2014). Battle Creek. Arcadia Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 9781439642849.
  148. ↑ Flinn, Gary (November 29, 2008). "Remember when crowds flocked to downtown Flint for holiday shopping". Flint Journal.
  149. 1 2 "Interstate's Chapter XI is tops in shops: Interstate Chapter XI is retailing's biggest". Women's Wear Daily. 128 (102). May 23, 1974. pp. 1, 14. So far 41 Topps discount stores have been closed, 11 are expected to be closed by July 1974 and the remaining nine will also be closed. Of its operating units, 25 are department stores, 43 are discount stores and 48 are toy supermarkets. Link via ProQuest.
  150. ↑ "Stanley J. Winkelman, Department Store Executive, 76". The New York Times. 25 August 1999. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  151. ↑ "Equitable of Iowa Unit To Buy J.L. Brandeis For Up to $35 Million". Wall Street Journal (Eastern ed.). December 26, 1986. p. 1. (Subscription required (help)). Younkers Inc., a unit of Equitable of Iowa Cos., said it agreed to buy J.L. Brandeis & Sons Inc. Brandeis, owned by Alan Baer of Omaha, Neb., operates 11 department stores in Nebraska and Iowa. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  152. ↑ "Younkers To Buy 11 Brandeis Units". WWD. 152 (125). December 30, 1986. p. 2. Link via ProQuest.
  153. ↑ "Brandeis Buys Gold; Gird to Battle Chains: Brandeis Buys Gold; Gird to Battle Chains". Women's Wear Daily. 108 (21). January 30, 1964. pp. 1, 44. J.L. Brandeis & Sons, Inc. has purchase Gold & Co. of Lincoln for an undisclosed amount of cash. The two largest family-owned independent department stores in Nebraska have joined, ostensibly to combat the inroads being made by chain competition. Brndeis, Nebraska's largest department store has six locations, all in Omaha. Gold's has a downtown store covering nearly a square block, plus a warehouse operation, It includes a supermarket and automotive service center. Brandeis owns the local Metropolitan Drug Co. Gold's was founded in 1902 by William Gold, grandfather of its president. Brandeis started business in 1880 by Jonas Brandeis, grandfather of it president. Link via ProQuest.
  154. 1 2 McKee, Jim (November 17, 2013). "The rise and demise of Lincoln-owned department stores". Lincoln Journal Star. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
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  157. ↑ Rolfes, Steven J. (2012). Cincinnati Landmarks. Arcadia Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 9780738593951. OCLC 794708039.
  158. ↑ Collins, Glenn (October 8, 1996). "Best Products to Shut 81 Stores and Let 4,500 Workers Go". New York Times.
  159. ↑ "Retailer opened Bargain City". Toledo Blade. July 8, 2004.
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  163. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brickey, Homer (October 2, 1984). "Cook United Stores Declare Bankruptcy". Toledo Blade. p. 23.
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  166. ↑ "Retailing Passes Donenfeld's By - Family Couldn't Find Buyer". Dayton Daily News. December 1, 1991. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewsBank.
  167. ↑ Gleaves, Rebekah (August 29, 2002). "Wild, Wild West: Once convicted of fraud and in debt to the IRS for a cool million, Steven West is some kind of businessman". New Times Broward-Palm Beach.
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  171. ↑ "Goldman's store founder eulogized". Dayton Daily News. August 25, 2010.
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  174. ↑ "4 Stores Bought By Davidson Bros.: Michigan Suburban Units of Sams, Inc., Acquired". New York Times. September 20, 1961. p. 41. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  175. ↑ "Davidson Bros. Buys Two Companies, Adding 14 Retail Units to Chain". Wall Street Journal. January 30, 1961. p. 13. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  176. ↑ Speck, William D. (2003). Toledo: A History in Architecture : 1914 to Century's End. Arcadia Publishing. p. 57. ISBN 9780738532042. OCLC 53886976.
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  180. ↑ "Born In A Barn". Sandusky Register. June 28, 1967. p. 12. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  181. ↑ "Mr Wiggs' Payroll Has Grown To 470 At All Locations". Sandusky Register. June 29, 1967. p. 14. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  182. ↑ "Mr. Wiggs Plans Department Store Here". Park City Daily News. August 30, 1970. p. 1.
  183. ↑ "Mr. Wiggs has new Manager". Piqua Daily Call. April 17, 1975. p. 9. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  184. ↑ "Revco Sets Purchase of Stores". Athens Messenger. February 2, 1971. p. 2. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  185. ↑ "Mr. Wiggs Expands Present Site To 100,000 Sq. Feet". Sandusky Register. September 14, 1977. p. 11. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  186. ↑ "Bargain Fair Takes Over Building". Sandusky Register. March 1, 1963. p. 16. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  187. ↑ "2 Stores In Ohio Bought By Allied: Halle Sells Units In Canton For $1,250,000; Size Of One Will Be Doubled Companies Plan Sales, Mergers". New York Times. September 14, 1955. p. 49. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  188. ↑ "Allied Stores to Shed Polsky's Unit in Ohio, Sell Akron Properties". Wall Street Journal. November 2, 1978. p. 16. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  189. ↑ "Mr. Rattenberg is Progressive". Newark Advocate. January 22, 1910. p. 3. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  190. ↑ "Rink Store Chain Bought By Gray Drug". St. Petersburg Evening Independent. June 22, 1964. p. 2. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewspaperArchive.com.
  191. ↑ Goodman, Rebecca (January 5, 2007). "Fun-loving Hyman Ullner founded Rink's, did TV ads". Cincinnati Enquirer.
  192. ↑ "Lining up for a bargain at Rink's". Lima News. August 23, 2013. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015.
  193. ↑ Perry, D. (1969). Vas you ever in Zinzinnati?. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. p. 118. OCLC 412693.
  194. ↑ Albaugh, Patti R. "Main Street Merchant: Dedicated to the Customers and Employees of Dowd's-Rudin's and Rudin's".
  195. ↑ Grabowski, John J., ed. (March 27, 1998). "Sterling-Lindner Co.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University.
  196. ↑ Orth, Samuel Peter (1910). A History of Cleveland, Ohio: Biographical. S.J. Clarke Publishing Company. pp. 939–940. OCLC 732890.
  197. ↑ Faircloth, Christopher (2009). Cleveland's Department Stores. Arcadia Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 9780738560762. OCLC 299713633.
  198. ↑ "Allied Stores Unit in Ohio Sold to Real Estate Firm". Wall Street Journal. July 9, 1968. p. 17. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  199. ↑ "Another Store in Cleveland Purchased by Allied Stores". Wall Street Journal. March 12, 1949. p. 2. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  200. ↑ Kenney, Kimberly A. (2003). Canton: A Journey Through Time. Arcadia Pub. pp. 49–50, 140–141, 154. ISBN 9780738524511. OCLC 53947073.
  201. ↑ Mooney, Barbara (January 13, 1992). "Stern & Mann Not Too Old to Grow". Crain's Cleveland Business. 13 (2). p. 13. Link via ProQuest.
  202. 1 2 Brandt, Steve (December 23, 1996). "Cincinnati retail: A whole lotta shakin' going on". Cincinnati Business Courier. 13 (33). p. 9B. Link via ProQuest.
  203. ↑ "Swallen's Files For Chapter 11". Columbus Dispatch. November 27, 1995. p. 4. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via NewsBank.
  204. ↑ Peale, Cliff (December 7, 1995). "Swallen's shuts doors". Cincinnati Post. p. 1A. Link via NewsBank.
  205. ↑ "Columbus, Ohio, Store Plans To Merge Into Allied Stores". Wall Street Journal. August 14, 1948. p. 3. (Subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  206. ↑ Grabowski, John J., ed. (July 23, 1997). "William Taylor Son & Co.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University.
  207. ↑ Ryan, Carl (June 24, 2010). "Store-chain owner had over 1,000 employees". Toledo Blade.
  208. ↑ "Uhlmans Opens New Bowling Green Store". Bryan Times. January 22, 1965. p. 8.
  209. ↑ Michaels, Dave (July 21, 2012). "Romney firm scored big in Texas with Stage Stores but exited years before its bankruptcy". Dallas News.
  210. ↑ Winski, Joseph (March 8, 1980). "Fields agrees to buy six 'The Union' stores in Ohio". Chicago Tribune. p. N_B7. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  211. ↑ Davidson, Tom. "Valley View store closing for good". The Herald. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  212. ↑ Dunham, Tom (2012). Springfield, Ohio: A Summary of Two Centuries. Author House. ISBN 9781477261934. OCLC 857903032.
  213. ↑ Humphrys, Mark. "Wren's Department Store, Springfield, Ohio". The genealogy site of Mark Humphrys.
  214. ↑ Rockel, William Mahlon (1908). 20th century history of Springfield, and Clark County, Ohio, and representative citizens. Chicago: Biographical Publishing Co. OCLC 798059681.
  215. ↑ "Charles E. Ziegler: Owned Ziegler's Department Store in Medina". Cleveland Plain Dealer. November 25, 2008.
  216. ↑ personal knowledge - uncles' firm leased a shoe department in the downtown OKC store
  217. ↑ Rutberg, Sidney (August 4, 1986). "Can John Wanamaker be turned into big money maker? (column)". Daily News Record. Retrieved 2009-02-12 – via HighBeam Research.
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  219. ↑ Hill, John. "Benny's to close all 31 stores by end of year". providencejournal.com. Retrieved 2017-12-26.
  220. 1 2 Sigafoos, R.A. (1979). Cotton Row to Beale Street: A business history of Memphis8. Memphis State University Press. ISBN 9780878700684. OCLC 5336899.
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  222. ↑ "Fedway Tribute Hailed In Texas: Lazarus Cites Population Movement to Smaller Cities, Warm Climates". New York Times. October 5, 1952. p. F12. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  223. ↑ Springfield Plaza in the '70s
  224. ↑ "Korvettes Closes Its Last 17 Stores". New York Times. December 30, 1980. p. D3. (Subscription required (help)). Korvettes Inc. has closed its 17 remaining department stores, a company spokesman said. The chain, which operated 50 stores a year ago and which pared its staff to less than 3,000 from 11,000, shut down its remaining outlet on Christmas Eve. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  225. ↑ Koch, Nora (February 16, 1997). "Leggett has run up its last sale Shopping: After 32 years, the Leggett stores, including the one at Cranberry Mall, have become Belk stores". Baltimore Sun.
  226. ↑ "Amazing Savings Makes Cash Bid For Odd Job Stores". New York Times. June 5, 2003.
  227. ↑ "Odd Job Stores, Inc. Announces Completion of Business Combination with Amazing Savings Holding LLC". Business Wire (Press release). November 14, 2003.
  228. ↑ Weber, Lauren (January 12, 2005). "Amazing Savings files bankruptcy". Newsday.
  229. ↑ "Big Shoe Producer Buys P.N. Hirsch; The International Shoe Company of St. Louis, acquired the P.N. Hirsch & Co. yesterday through exchange of stock valued at about $9.5 million". New York Times. April 14, 1964. Alternate Link
  230. ↑ "Dollar General Buys P.N. Hirsch Stores". Cape Girardeau Bulletin Journal. October 20, 1983. p. D1.
  231. ↑ "Dollar General To Buy Local P.N. Hirsch Store". Kentucky New Era. October 19, 1983. p. 6C.

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