在

在 U+5728, 在
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5728
← 圧
[U+5727] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 圩 →
[U+5729]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

在 (radical 32, 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大中土 (KLG), four-corner 40214, composition ⿸𠂇⿰丨土)

References
  • KangXi: not present, would follow page 224, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4881
  • Dae Jaweon: page 455, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 418, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5728

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 在

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 在
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (才) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
茬 *zraː, *zraːʔ, *ʔsrɯ, *zrɯ
材 *zlɯː
才 *zlɯː, *zlɯːs
財 *zlɯː
鼒 *zlɯː, *ʔslɯ
在 *zlɯːʔ, *zlɯːs
豺 *zrɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zlɯːʔ, *zlɯːs) : phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) + semantic 土 (“earth”).

在 was visually identical with 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs, “sprout”) in the oracle bone script and some of the bronze inscriptions. It may be either a phonetic loan or a figurative derivative.

Etymology

Probably related to 栽 (OC *ʔslɯː, “to plant”) (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation
Note: de4 - modal particle.
Note:
  • Sixian:
    • chhai - literary;
    • chhôi - colloquial;
    • ti/tu/tui/to/chhi/thê/thî/tî/chhî/chhô/chhok - colloquial (probably substitute).
  • Meixian:
    • cai4 - literary;
    • coi1 - colloquial;
    • hoi1/hoi4 - colloquial (preposition, also written as 嗨 or 喺).
Note:
  • do6 - colloquial;
  • zai6 - literary.
Note:
  • dou5 - colloquial (preposition);
  • zai5 - colloquial;
  • zai4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 在
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sai⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sai⁵³/ ～早
/t͡sai²¹³/ ～家
Tianjin /tai⁵³/
/t͡sai⁵³/
Jinan /t͡sɛ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡sɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sai³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡sɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sai²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sai³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sai¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sai²¹³/ 現～
/tai²¹³/ ～家
Kunming /t͡sæ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sae⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡se̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ze²³/
Suzhou /ze̞³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ze̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ze³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/
/t͡sʰɛ²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰə²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai⁵⁵/
/t͡sai¹¹/
/təu¹¹/ ～屋裡
Xiangtan /d͡zai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰoi⁴⁴/
/hoi⁴⁴/
/t͡sʰai⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔi²²/
Nanning /t͡sɔi²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sai²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sai⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sai³⁵/
/to³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡sai³³/
/ʔdu³³/ 訓
Rime
Character 在 在
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 咍 (41) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 昨宰切 昨代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zʌiX/ /d͡zʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zəiX/ /d͡zəiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zɒiX/ /d͡zɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zəjX/ /d͡zəjH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zᴀiX/ /d͡zᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zɒiX/ /d͡zɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱɑ̆iX/ /d͡zʱɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zài zài
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 在
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzojX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dz]ˁəʔ/
English be at, be present

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 在 在
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1064 1065
Phonetic
component		 才 才
Rime
group		 之 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 在 載
Old
Chinese		 /*zlɯːʔ/ /*zlɯːs/

Definitions

在

  1. (located) in, at
  2. to exist, to be (located)
  3. be ...-ing, in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress)
  4. during; in

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 於
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 在
Mandarin Beijing 在, 挨, 跟
Taiwan 在
Jinan 在, 從
Xi'an 在
Wuhan 在
Chengdu 在
Yangzhou 在
Hefei 在
Cantonese Guangzhou 喺, 響
Hong Kong 喺, 響
Foshan 喺, 響
Shunde 喺
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 在
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 響, 揀
Doumen 揀
Taishan 到, 響
Kaiping (Chikan) 到
Dongguan 響, 在, 喺
Yangjiang 在
Gan Nanchang 在
Hakka Meixian 喺
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 在
Liudui (S. Sixian) 在
Hsinchu (Hailu) 在
Dongshi (Dabu) 在
Hsinchu (Raoping) 在
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 在
Jin Taiyuan 在
Min Bei Jian'ou 到
Min Dong Fuzhou 著, 在, 洽
Fuqing 著, 洽
Min Nan Xiamen 佇, 踮
Quanzhou 佇
Zhangzhou 佇
Taipei 佇, 踮 mT
Kaohsiung 佇
Tainan 佇
Taichung 佇
Hsinchu 佇
Lukang 佇
Sanxia 佇
Yilan 佇
Kinmen 佇
Magong 佇
Penang 佇
Philippines (Manila) 佇
Chaozhou 在
Shantou 在
Wu Shanghai 辣, 辣辣, 辣海
Suzhou 勒
Wenzhou 是
Xiang Changsha 在
Shuangfeng 在
Note mT - mainstream Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

Compounds
Derived terms from 在

Japanese

Kanji
在

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Noun

在 (hiragana ざい, rōmaji zai)

  1. Clipping of 在郷 (zaigō): countryside or outskirts

Prefix

在 (hiragana ざい, rōmaji zai-)

  1. residing in

Korean

Hanja

在 • (jae) (hangeul 재)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

在 (tại)

  1. in

Preposition

在

  1. in
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