Hawaii County, Hawaii

Hawaii County, Hawaii

Seal
Map of Hawaii highlighting Hawaii County
Location in the U.S. state of Hawaii
Map of the United States highlighting Hawaii
Hawaii's location in the U.S.
Founded 1905
Government
• Mayor
Harry Kim
Seat Hilo
Largest city Hilo
Area
 • Total 5,086.70 sq mi (13,174 km2)
 • Land 4,028.02 sq mi (10,433 km2)
 • Water 1,058.69 sq mi (2,742 km2), ?%
Population (est.)
 • (2016) 198,449
 • Density 46/sq mi (17.7/km2)
Congressional district 2nd
Time zone Hawaii–Aleutian: UTC−10
Website co.hawaii.hi.us

Hawaiʻi County is a county in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands. It is coterminous with the Island of Hawaiʻi, often called the "Big Island" to distinguish it from the state as a whole. As of the 2010 Census the population was 185,079. The county seat is Hilo. There are no incorporated cities in Hawaiʻi County (see Hawaii Counties). The Hilo Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Hawaiʻi County. Hawaiʻi County has a mayor-council form of government. Hawaii County is the largest county in the state in terms of geography.

The mayor of Hawaii County is Harry Kim, who took office in 2016. Legislative authority is vested in a nine-member Hawaii County Council.

Hawaii County is one of seven counties in the United States to share the same name as the state they are in (the other six are Arkansas County, Idaho County, Iowa County, New York County, Oklahoma County, and Utah County).[1]

Geography

Hawaiʻi County has a total area of 5,086.70 square miles (13,174.5 km2); 4,028.02 square miles (10,432.5 km2) is land and 1,058.69 square miles (2,742.0 km2) is water[2] (mostly all off the ocean shoreline but counted in the total area by the U.S. Census Bureau). The county's land area comprises 62.7 percent of the state's land area. It is the highest percentage by any county in the United States. (Delaware's Sussex County comes in second at 48.0 percent, while Rhode Island's Providence County is third at 39.55 percent.)

Major Highways

Adjacent county

Demographics

Lehua blossoms (ʻōhiʻa lehua), Hawaiʻi
Green turtle on an old lava flow and Hawaiian temple at background in Kona

As of 2010, the island had a resident population of 185,079.[3] There were 64,382 households in the county. The population density was 17.7/km² (45.9/mi²). There were 82,324 housing units at an average density of 8/km² (20/mi²). The racial makeup of the county was 34.5% White, 0.7% African American, 22.6% Asian, 12.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and 29.2% from two or more races; 11.8% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. The largest ancestry groups were:

  • 9.8% Japanese
  • 9.6% German
  • 8.6% Filipino
  • 8.5% Native Hawaiian
  • 8.3% Portuguese
  • 6.9% Irish
  • 5.7% English
  • 5.1% Puerto Rican
  • 3.2% Mexican
  • 2.5% French
  • 2.2% Italian
  • 1.9% Spanish
  • 1.7% Scottish
  • 1.5% Scotch-Irish
  • 1.5% Swedish
  • 1.1% Polish
  • 1.1% Dutch
  • 1.0% Norwegian

Government and infrastructure

Hawaii County vote
by party in presidential elections[4]
Year Republican Democratic Others
2016 26.98% 17,501 63.61% 41,259 9.41% 6,107
2012 23.25% 14,753 74.42% 47,224 2.33% 1,477
2008 22.22% 14,866 75.94% 50,819 1.84% 1,231
2004 38.18% 22,032 60.86% 35,116 0.96% 554
2000 33.52% 17,050 56.37% 28,670 10.10% 5,140
1996 27.60% 13,516 55.66% 27,262 16.74% 8,199
1992 30.36% 15,460 50.52% 25,725 19.11% 9,731
1988 41.00% 17,125 57.68% 24,091 1.32% 552
1984 52.90% 20,707 45.64% 17,866 1.46% 570
1980 39.73% 14,247 49.16% 17,630 11.11% 3,984
1976 48.37% 15,366 50.24% 15,960 1.38% 439
1972 59.09% 16,832 40.91% 11,652
1968 37.41% 9,625 61.49% 15,819 1.10% 283
1964 19.87% 4,962 80.13% 20,011
1960 51.46% 12,251 48.54% 11,557

County government

Executive authority is vested in the mayor of Hawaii County, who is elected for a four-year term. Since 2004, the election by the voters has been on a nonpartisan basis. In 2016, Harry Kim was elected mayor, succeeding Billy Kenoi, who had served a two-term limit.[5] Legislative authority is vested in a nine-member County Council. Each member represents a geographical region of the island, which closely correlates to one of the nine tax map districts of Hawaiʻi County. Members of the County Council are elected on a nonpartisan basis to two-year terms, with the latest election occurring in November 2016. As of December 2016, Hawaii County Council has a female supermajority for the first time, with six women and three men.[6]

Administrative districts were originally based on the traditional land divisions called Moku of Ancient Hawaii. Some more heavily populated districts have since been split into North and South districts to make them more comparable on a population basis.

The number following each district is the Tax Map Key (TMK) number, used to locate state property information. They are assigned in a counter-clockwise order beginning on the eastern side of the island.[7]

Nr.DistrictArea
mi²		Population
2000		mokuMap
1Puna499.4531335Puna
2South Hilo394.3847386Hilo
3North Hilo370.651720Hilo
4Hamakua580.506108Hāmākua
5North Kohala132.926038Kohala
6South Kohala351.7213131Kohala
7North Kona489.0128543Kona
8South Kona335.388589Kona
9Kaʻū922.225827Kaʻū
 Hawaiʻi County4028.021486776 moku

County council districts do not directly match the property tax districts because of the variation in the population density of voters in urban areas to rural areas; Hilo & Kailua (Kailua-Kona) towns are densely populated areas, while other districts such as Kaʻū, Puna, Hāmakua, and North & South Kohala are more sparsely populated.[8]

Several government functions are administered at the county level that are at the state or municipal level in other states. For example, the county has its own office of liquor control.[9]

State government

Hawaii Department of Public Safety previously operated the Kulani Correctional Facility in Hawaii County, on the Island of Hawaii.[10] In 2009, the Hawaii Department of Public Safety announced that Kulani Correctional Facility would close.[11]

Localities

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
190046,843—
191055,38218.2%
192064,89517.2%
193073,32513.0%
194073,276−0.1%
195068,350−6.7%
196061,332−10.3%
197063,4683.5%
198092,05345.0%
1990120,31730.7%
2000148,67723.6%
2010185,07924.5%
Est. 2016198,449[12]7.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
Historical Population 1900-90[14]

Census-designated places

Other communities

National protected areas

Economy

Top employers

According to the County's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[15] the top employers in the county are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 State of Hawaii 8,115
2 Hawaii County 2,745
3 United States Government 1,364
4 Hilton Waikoloa Village 984
5 Wal-Mart 852
6 KTA Super Stores 800
7 Mauna Kea Beach Hotel 685
8 The Fairmont Orchid 577
9 Four Seasons Resort Hualalai 562
10 Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel 487

Sister cities

Hawaii County has 10 sisters:[16]

References

  1. ↑ Joseph Nathan Kane; Charles Curry Aiken (2005). The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950-2000. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5036-1.
  2. ↑ "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Counties". United States Census. Archived from the original on 2011-05-12. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  3. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
  4. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  5. ↑ "Office of the Mayor". official web site. County of Hawaii. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ Hawaii County: 2000
  8. ↑ "Hawaiʻi County Council". official web site. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
  9. ↑ "Office of Liquor Control". Hawaii County web site. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved December 25, 2010.
  10. ↑ "Kulani Correctional Facility." Hawaii Department of Public Safety. Retrieved on September 30, 2010.
  11. ↑ "Closure of Kulani Saves $2.8M Annually; Facility to Help At-Risk Youth." Hawaii Department of Public Safety. July 2009. Retrieved on September 30, 2010.
  12. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  13. ↑ U.S. Decennial Census
  14. ↑ Hawaii Historical Population 1900-1990
  15. ↑ County of Hawaii CAFR Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ State of Hawaii’s Sister States/Cities A Report to the Hawaii State Legislature 2006
  17. ↑ "Hula and economy bind Hawaii, Shibukawa sister cities". Big Island Video News. Retrieved 2015-05-02.

Coordinates: 19°35′N 155°30′W / 19.583°N 155.500°W / 19.583; -155.500

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