List of sovereign states in 1975
Sovereign states by year | ||
---|---|---|
List of sovereign states in 1974 | Events of 1975 | List of sovereign states in 1976 |
Internationally recognized sovereign states
A
Afghanistan – Kingdom of Afghanistan, UN member State
Capital: Kabul Albania – People's Republic of Albania, UN member State
Capital: Tirana Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, UN member State
Capital: Algiers Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella Angola – People's Republic of Angola (from 11 November 1975)[1]
Capital: Luanda Antigua – Associated state of the United Kingdom
Capital: St. John's Argentina – Argentine Republic, UN member State[2]
Capital: Buenos Aires Australia – Commonwealth of Australia, UN member State
Capital: Canberra Austria – Republic of Austria, UN member State
Capital: Vienna
B
The Bahamas – Commonwealth of the Bahamas
Capital: Nassau Bahrain – State of Bahrain, UN member State
Capital: Manama Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh
Capital: Dhaka Barbados – UN member State
Capital: Bridgetown Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium, UN member State
Capital: Brussels Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan, UN member State
Capital: Thimphu Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia, UN member State
Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) Botswana – Republic of Botswana, UN member State
Capital: Gaborone Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil, UN member State
Capital: Brasília Bulgaria – People's Republic of Bulgaria, UN member State
Capital: Sofia Burma – Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, UN member State
Capital: Rangoon Burundi – Republic of Burundi, UN member State
Capital: Bujumbura Byelorussia – Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member State (Republic within the Soviet Union)
Capital: Minsk
C
Cabinda – Republic of Cabinda (from August 1 to November 11)[3]
Capital: Cabinda Cameroon – Federal Republic of Cameroon, UN member State
Capital: Yaoundé Canada – Dominion of Canada, UN member State
Capital: Ottawa Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde (from 5 July 1975), UN member State (from 16 September 1975)[4]
Capital: Praia Central African Republic – UN member State
Capital: N'Djamena Chad – Republic of Chad, UN member State
Capital: N'Djamena Chile – Republic of Chile, UN member State
Capital: Santiago China – People's Republic of China, UN member State
Capital: Beijing Chinese Taipei / Taiwan Republic of China (Partially recognized de facto independent state)
Capital: Taipei (seat of government), Nanjing (claimed) Colombia – Republic of Colombia, UN member State
Capital: Bogotá Comoros – State of the Comoros (from 12 November), UN member State from November 12
Capital: Moroni Congo – People's Republic of Congo, UN member State
Capital: Brazzaville Cook Islands A state in free association with New Zealand
Capital: Avarua Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica, UN member State
Capital: San José Cuba – Republic of Cuba, UN member State
Capital: Havana Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus, UN member State[5]
Capital: Nicosia Czechoslovakia – Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, UN member State
Capital: Prague
D
Dahomey / Benin – UN member State
Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (seat of government) Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark, UN member State
Capital: Copenhagen Dominica – Associated state of the United Kingdom
Capital: Roseau Dominican Republic – UN member State
Capital: Santo Domingo
E
East Timor – Democratic Republic of East Timor (from 28 November to 7 December)[7]
Capital: Dili Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador, UN member State
Capital: Quito Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt, UN member State
Capital: Cairo El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador, UN member State
Capital: San Salvador Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea, UN member State
Capital: Malabo Ethiopia – Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (Derg), UN member State
Capital: Addis Ababa
F
G
Gabon – Gabonese Republic, UN member State
Capital: Libreville Gambia – Republic of the Gambia, UN member State
Capital: Banjul Germany, East – German Democratic Republic, UN member State
Capital: East Berlin (disputed) Germany, West – Federal Republic of Germany, Permanent observer at the UN
Capital: Bonn Ghana – Republic of Ghana, UN member State
Capital: Accra Greece – Hellenic Republic, UN member State
Capital: Athens Grenada – UN member State
Capital: St. George's Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala, UN member State
Capital: Guatemala City Guinea – Republic of Guinea, UN member State
Capital: Conakry Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau
Capital: Bissau Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana, UN member State
Capital: Georgetown
H
Haiti – Republic of Haiti, UN member State
Capital: Port-au-Prince Honduras – Republic of Honduras, UN member State
Capital: Tegucigalpa Hungary – Hungarian People's Republic, UN member State
Capital: Budapest
I
Iceland – Republic of Iceland, UN member State
Capital: Reykjavík India – Republic of India, UN member State
Capital: New Delhi Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia, UN member State
Capital: Jakarta Iran – Imperial State of Iran, UN member State
Capital: Tehran Iraq – Iraqi Republic, UN member state
Capital: Baghdad Ireland – Republic of Ireland, UN member State[8]
Capital: Dublin Israel – State of Israel, UN member State (wasn't recognized by 21 UN member States)[9]
Capital: Jerusalem Italy – Italian Republic, UN member State
Capital: Rome Ivory Coast – Republic of Ivory Coast, UN member State
Capital: Abidjan
J
K
Kenya – Republic of Kenya, UN member State
Capital: Nairobi Khmer Republic/ Kampuchea – UN member State
Capital: Phnom Penh- Khmer Republic (from 9 October 1970 to 17 April 1975)
- Kampuchea (Kingdom of Cambodia) (from 17 April 1975)
North Korea – Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (wasn't recognized by 4 UN member States)
Capital: Pyongyang (de jure) South Korea – Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (wasn't recognized by 3 UN member States at greatest extent)
Capital: Seoul Kuwait – State of Kuwait, UN member State
Capital: Kuwait City
L
Laos – UN member State
Capital: Vientiane- Kingdom of Laos (to 2 December 1975)[10]
- Lao People's Democratic Republic (from 2 December 1975)[10]
Lebanon – Lebanese Republic, UN member State
Capital: Beirut Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho, UN member State
Capital: Maseru Liberia – Republic of Liberia, UN member State
Capital: Monrovia Libya – Libyan Arab Republic, UN member State
Capital: Tripoli Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein, UN member State from 18 September
Capital: Vaduz Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, UN member State
Capital: Luxembourg
M
Malagasy Republic/ Madagascar – UN member State
Capital: Antananarivo Malawi – Republic of Malawi, UN member state
Capital: Lilongwe Malaysia – UN member State
Capital: Kuala Lumpur Maldives – Republic of Maldives, UN member State
Capital: Malé Mali – Republic of Mali, UN member State
Capital: Bamako Malta – Republic of Malta, UN member State
Capital: Valletta Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania, UN member State
Capital: Nouakchott Mauritius – UN member State
Capital: Port Louis Mexico – United Mexican States, UN member State
Capital: Mexico City Monaco – Principality of Monaco, Permanent observer at the UN
Capital: Monaco Mongolia – Mongolian People's Republic, UN member State
Capital: Ulaanbaatar Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco, UN member State
Capital: Rabat Mozambique – People's Republic of Mozambique (from 25 June 1975), UN member State from September 16[12]
Capital: Maputo
N
Nauru – Republic of Nauru, UN member State
Capital: Yaren (unofficial) Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal, UN member State
Capital: Kathmandu Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands, UN member State
Capital: Amsterdam (official), The Hague (seat of government) New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand, UN member State
Capital: Wellington Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua, UN member State
Capital: Managua Niger – Republic of Niger, UN member State
Capital: Niamey Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria, UN member State
Capital: Lagos Niue – A state in free association with New Zealand
Capital: Alofi North Solomons – Republic of the North Solomons (from 1 September 1975)[13]
Capital: Kieta Norway – Kingdom of Norway, UN member State
Capital: Oslo
O
Oman – Sultanate of Oman, UN member State
Capital: Muscat, Oman
P
Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan, UN member state
Capital: Islamabad Panama – Republic of Panama, UN member State
Capital: Panama City Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea (from 16 September 1975)[14]
Capital: Port Moresby Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay, UN member State
Capital: Asunción Peru – Peruvian Republic, UN member State
Capital: Lima Philippines – Republic of the Philippines, UN member State
Capital: Quezon City (official) , Baguio (summer) Poland – Polish People's Republic, UN member State
Capital: Warsaw Portugal – Portuguese Republic, UN member State
Capital: Lisbon
Q
R
S
Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla – Associated state of the United Kingdom
Capital: Basseterre Saint Lucia – Associated state of the United Kingdom
Capital: Castries Saint Vincent – Associated state of the United Kingdom
Capital: Kingstown San Marino – Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (from 12 July)[16]
Capital: São Tomé Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UN member State
Capital: Riyadh Senegal – Republic of Senegal, UN member State
Capital: Dakar Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone
Capital: Freetown Singapore – Republic of Singapore, UN member State
Capital: Singapore Somalia – Somali Democratic Republic, UN member State
Capital: Mogadishu South Africa – Republic of South Africa, UN member State
Capital: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial) Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UN member State
Capital: Moscow Spain – Spanish State, UN member State
Capital: Madrid Sri Lanka – Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka, UN member State
Capital: Colombo Sudan – Democratic Republic of the Sudan, UN member State
Capital: Khartoum Suriname – Republic of Suriname (from 25 November 1975)[17]
Capital: Paramaribo Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland, UN member State
Capital: Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal and legislative) Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden, UN member State
Capital: Stockholm Switzerland – Swiss Confederation, Permanent observer at UN
Capital: Bern Syria – Syrian Arab Republic, UN member State
Capital: Damascus
T
Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania, UN member State
Capital: Dar es Salaam Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand, UN member State
Capital: Bangkok Togo – Togolese Republic, UN member State
Capital: Lomé Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
Capital: Nukuʻalofa Trinidad and Tobago – UN member State
Capital: Port of Spain Tunisia – Tunisian Republic, UN member State
Capital: Tunis Turkey – Republic of Turkey, UN member State
Capital: Ankara
U
Uganda – Republic of Uganda, UN member State
Capital: Kampala Ukraine - Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member State (Republic within the Soviet Union)
Capital: Kiev United Arab Emirates – UN member State
Capital: Abu Dhabi United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UN member State
Capital: London United States – United States of America, UN member State
Capital: Washington, D.C. Upper Volta – Republic of Upper Volta, UN member State
Capital: Ouagadougou Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay, UN member State
Capital: Montevideo
V
Vatican City – Vatican City State, Permanent observer at UN
Capital: Vatican City Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela, UN member State
Capital: Caracas North Vietnam – Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Capital: Hanoi South Vietnam – Permanent observer at the UN
Capital: Saigon- Republic of Vietnam (to 30 April 1975)[18]
- Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (from 30 April 1975)[18]
W
Western Samoa – Independent State of Western Samoa
Capital: Apia
Y
North Yemen – Yemen Arab Republic, UN member State
Capital: Sana'a South Yemen – People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, UN member State
Capital: Aden Yugoslavia – Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, UN member State
Capital: Belgrade
Z
Non-sovereign territories
Antigua
Australia
Australian Antarctic Territory (Uninhabited external territory) Christmas Island – Territory of Christmas Island (External territory) Cocos (Keeling) Islands – Territory of the Cocos Islands (External territory) Coral Sea Islands – Coral Sea Islands Territory (Uninhabited external territory) Heard Island and McDonald Islands – Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited external territory) Norfolk Island – Territory of Norfolk Island (External territory) Papua and New Guinea – Territory of Papua and New Guinea (to September 15, 1975 (United Nations Trust Territory)
Denmark
Faroe Islands (Constituent country)
Finland
Åland (Neutral and demilitarised region)
France
- French Afars and Issas (Overseas territory)
French Polynesia (Overseas territory), with one dependency: French Southern and Antarctic Lands – Territory of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Overseas territory)- New Caledonia (Overseas territory)
New Hebrides (Protected jointly with the United Kingdom)- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Overseas territory)
- Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (Overseas territory), consisting of five uninhabited possessions:
- Bassas da India (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Europa Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Glorioso Islands (Disputed by Madagascar, Comoros and the Seychelles)
- Juan de Nova Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Tromelin Island (Disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
Wallis and Futuna – Territory of the Wallis and Futuna (Overseas territory)
Greece
Mount Athos (Autonomous monastic state)
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles (Autonomous country) Suriname (Autonomous country to 24 November)
New Zealand
- Niue
- Ross Dependency (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
Tokelau
Norway
- Bouvet Island
- Peter I Island (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
- Queen Maud Land (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
Portugal
- Angola (Overseas province to 10 November)
- Republic of Cape Verde (Autonomous Republic to 4 July 1975)
Mozambique (Overseas province to 24 June)- Portuguese Timor (Overseas province)
- São Tomé and Príncipe (Overseas province 11 July)
- Macau (Overseas province)
United Kingdom
Brunei (Protected state)- Canton and Enderbury Islands (Protected jointly with United States to 1 January 1975)
New Hebrides (Protected jointly with France)- Akrotiri and Dhekelia – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Crown colony)
Bahama Islands (Crown colony) Bermuda (Crown colony) British Antarctic Territory (Crown colony suspended under the Antarctic Treaty) British Honduras (Crown colony) British Indian Ocean Territory (Crown colony disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles) British Virgin Islands (Crown colony)- British Western Pacific Territories (Crown colony), consisting of two territories
Cayman Islands (Crown colony) Falkland Islands (Crown colony disputed by Argentina), with one dependency Gibraltar (Crown colony) Gilbert and Ellice Islands (from July) Hong Kong (Crown colony) Montserrat (Crown colony) Pitcairn Islands (Crown colony) Saint Helena (Crown colony), with two dependencies: Seychelles (Crown colony) South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Crown colony disputed by Argentina) Turks and Caicos Islands (Crown colony) Guernsey – The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Crown dependency), with three dependencies: Isle of Man (Crown dependency) Jersey – The Bailiwick of Jersey (Crown dependency)
United States
American Samoa (Insular area including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau) Guam (Insular area) Panama Canal Zone (Unincorporated territory) Puerto Rico – The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Insular area) United States Virgin Islands – Virgin Islands of the United States (Insular area)- Bajo Nuevo Bank (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Colombia and Nicaragua)
- Baker Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Birnie Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory, claimed by United Kingdom)
- Caroline Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory, claimed by United Kingdom)
- Christmas Island – Kiritimati (Uninhabited unincorporated territory, claimed by United Kingdom)
- Howland Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Jarvis Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Johnston Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Kingman Reef (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Midway Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Navassa Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Haiti)
- Quita Sueño Bank (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Colombia)
- Roncador Bank (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Colombia)
- Serrana Bank (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Colombia)
- Serranilla Bank (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Colombia, Jamaica, and Nicaragua)
- Wake Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by the Marshall Islands)
- Canton and Enderbury Islands (Condomium with the United Kingdom)
Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
- Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.[19] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.[20]
Estonia was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, but the legality of the annexation was not widely recognized. The Baltic diplomatic services in the West continued to be recognised as representing the de jure state. Latvia was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, but the legality of the annexation was not widely recognized. The Baltic diplomatic services in the West continued to be recognised as representing the de jure state. Lithuania was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, but the legality of the annexation was not widely recognized. The Baltic diplomatic services in the West continued to be recognised as representing the de jure state.- The Saudi–Iraqi neutral zone was a strip of neutral territory between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was an entity claiming sovereignty. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.[21] The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." [22] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population. West Berlin was a political enclave that was closely aligned with, but not actually a part of, West Germany. It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France.
References
- ↑ Angola gained independence from Portugal on 11 Nov 1975
- ↑ The name "Argentine Nation" was also used for the purposes of legislation.
- ↑ Cabinda declared independence from the Portuguese overseas province Angola on 1 August 1975. It was annexed by the independent state of Angola on 11 November 1975. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
- ↑ Cape Verde attained independence from Portugal on 5 Jul 1975
- ↑ Cyprus was not recognized by Turkey.
- 1 2 Dahomey was renamed Benin on 30 Nov 1975 Archived 2012-10-12 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ East Timor declared independence from Portugal on 28 November 1975. It was annexed by Indonesia on 7 December 1975.
- ↑ Ireland also had the legal description of "Republic of Ireland", although this was not its constitutional name.
- ↑ Israel was not recognized by Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chad, Cuba, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, or Yemen.
- 1 2 Savang Vatthana abdicated his throne on 2 December 1975.
- 1 2 Madagascar adopted a new constitution on 30 Dec 1975
- ↑ Mozambique declared independence from Portugal on 25 Jun 1975
- ↑ The Republic of the North Solomons declared independence from the Australian-administered Trust Territory of Papua and New Guinea on 1 September 1975. The North Solomons gave up their claim of independence on 7 August 1976.
- ↑ Papua New Guinea gained independence from an Australian-administered UN Trusteeship on 16 September 1975.
- ↑ Rwanda's official French name was "République rwandaise". "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-22. Retrieved 2006-08-27. . It could be translated into English as "Rwandese Republic" s:CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Rwanda, "Rwandan Republic" , or "Republic of Rwanda" .
- ↑ São Tomé and Príncipe gained independence from Portugal on 12 Jul 1975
- ↑ Suriname gained independence from the Netherlands on 25 Nov 1975
- 1 2 Saigon fell to the North Vietnamese on 30 April 1975, leading to the establishment of the Republic of South Vietnam.
- ↑ Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005), "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean", in Von Tigerstrom, Barbara, International Law Issues in the South Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, p. 204, ISBN 0-7546-4419-7 "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
- ↑ CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica – accessed 19 January 2008
- ↑ Bilateral relations with countries Archived 2008-06-26 at the Wayback Machine., Retrieved 2009-12-22
- ↑ Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (1998-01-12). Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1 (PDF). Rome: Tipografia Arte della Stampa. p. 11.
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