List of sovereign states in 1989
Sovereign states by year | ||
---|---|---|
List of sovereign states in 1988 | Events of 1989 | List of sovereign states in 1990 |
Internationally recognized sovereign states
A
Afghanistan – Republic of Afghanistan, UN member state Albania – People's Socialist Republic of Albania, UN member state Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, UN member state Andorra – Principality of Andorra Angola – People's Republic of Angola, UN member state Antigua and Barbuda – UN member state Argentina – Argentine Republic, UN member state Australia – Commonwealth of Australia, UN member state Austria – Republic of Austria, UN member state
B
The Bahamas – Commonwealth of the Bahamas, UN member state Bahrain – State of Bahrain, UN member state Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh, UN member state Barbados – UN member state Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium, UN member state Belize – UN member state Benin – People's Republic of Benin, UN member state Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan, UN member state Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia, UN member state Bophuthatswana – Republic of Bophuthatswana (nominally independent South African bantustan) Botswana – Republic of Botswana, UN member state Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil, UN member state Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace, UN member state Bulgaria – People's Republic of Bulgaria, UN member state Burkina Faso – UN member state
- Union of Burma (to 18 June), UN member state
- Union of Myanmar (from 18 June), UN member state
Burundi – Republic of Burundi, UN member state Byelorussia – Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member state (Republic within the Soviet Union)
C
Cambodia, State of
Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon, UN member state Canada – UN member state Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde, UN member state Central African Republic – UN member state Chad – Republic of Chad, UN member state Chile – Republic of Chile, UN member state People's Republic of China – UN member state (wasn't recognized by 28 UN member states at greatest extent)
China, Republic of
Ciskei – Republic of Ciskei (nominally independent South African bantustan) Colombia – Republic of Colombia, UN member state Comoros – Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, UN member state Congo - People's Republic of Congo, UN member state Cook Islands (A state in free association with New Zealand) Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica, UN member state
Côte d'Ivoire
Cuba – Republic of Cuba, UN member state Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus, UN member state Czechoslovakia – Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, UN member state
D
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark, UN member state
Derg
Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti, UN member state Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica, UN member state Dominican Republic – UN member state
E
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador, UN member state Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt, UN member state El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador, UN member state Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea, UN member state Ethiopia – People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, UN member state
F
G
Gabon – Gabonese Republic, UN member state The Gambia – Republic of the Gambia, UN member state East Germany – German Democratic Republic, UN member state West Germany – Federal Republic of Germany, UN member state Ghana – Republic of Ghana, UN member state Greece – Hellenic Republic, UN member state Grenada – UN member state Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala, UN member state Guinea – Republic of Guinea, UN member state Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau, UN member state Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana, UN member state
H
Haiti – Republic of Haiti, UN member state
Holy See
Honduras – Republic of Honduras, UN member state
- Hungarian People's Republic (to 23 October), UN member state
- Republic of Hungary (from 23 October), UN member state
I
Iceland – Republic of Iceland, UN member state India – Republic of India, UN member state Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia, UN member state Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran, UN member state Iraq - Iraqi Republic, UN member state Ireland – Republic of Ireland, UN member state Israel – State of Israel, UN member state (wasn't recognized by 21 UN member states) Italy – Italian Republic, UN member state Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, UN member state
J
K
Democratic Kampuchea – Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea, UN member state
- People's Republic of Kampuchea (to 1 May), UN member state
- State of Cambodia (from 1 May), UN member state
Kenya – Republic of Kenya, UN member state Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati North Korea – Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (was not recognized by 4 UN member states) South Korea – Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (was not recognized by 3 UN member states at greatest extent) Kuwait – State of Kuwait, UN member state
L
Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic, UN member state Lebanon – Lebanese Republic, UN member state Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho, UN member state Liberia – Republic of Liberia, UN member state Libya – Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, UN member state Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein, UN member state from 18 September Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, UN member state
M
Madagascar – Democratic Republic of Madagascar, UN member state Malawi – Republic of Malawi, UN member state Malaysia – UN member state Maldives – Republic of Maldives, UN member state Mali – Republic of Mali, UN member state Malta – Republic of Malta, UN member state Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States) Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania, UN member state Mauritius – UN member state Mexico – United Mexican States, UN member state Federated States of Micronesia (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States) Monaco – Principality of Monaco, Permanent observer at the UN Mongolia – Mongolian People's Republic, UN member state Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco, UN member state Mozambique – People's Republic of Mozambique, UN member state
Myanmar
N
Nauru – Republic of Nauru, UN member state Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal, UN member state Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands, UN member state New Zealand – UN member state Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua, UN member state Niger – Republic of Niger, UN member state Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria, UN member state Niue (A state in free association with New Zealand) Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (partially recognized de facto independent state) Norway – Kingdom of Norway, UN member state
O
Oman – Sultanate of Oman, UN member state
P
Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan, UN member state Palestine – State of Palestine (Disputed region consisting of three occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem) Panama – Republic of Panama, UN member state Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea, UN member state Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay, UN member state Peru – Republic of Peru, UN member state Philippines – Republic of the Philippines, UN member state
- Polish People's Republic (to 29 December), UN member state
- Republic of Poland (from 29 December), UN member state
Portugal – Portuguese Republic, UN member state
Q
Qatar – State of Qatar, UN member state
R
- Socialist Republic of Romania (to 22 December), UN member state
- Romania (from 22 December), UN member state
Rwanda – Rwandese Republic, UN member state
S
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Partially recognized de facto independent state) Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, UN member state Saint Lucia – UN member state Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – UN member state San Marino – Republic of San Marino São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, UN member state Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UN member state Senegal – Republic of Senegal, UN member state Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles, UN member state Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone, UN member state Singapore – Republic of Singapore, UN member state Solomon Islands – UN member state Somalia – Somali Democratic Republic, UN member state South Africa – Republic of South Africa, UN member state Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UN member state Spain – Kingdom of Spain, UN member state Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, UN member state Sudan – Republic of the Sudan, UN member state Suriname – Republic of Suriname, UN member state Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland, UN member state Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden, UN member state Switzerland – Swiss Confederation, Permanent observer at UN Syria – Syrian Arab Republic, UN member state
T
Taiwan – Republic of China (partially-recognized de facto independent state) Tamil Eelam (unrecognized de facto self-governing entity) Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania, UN member state Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand, UN member state Togo – Togolese Republic, UN member state Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga, UN member state Transkei – Republic of Transkei (nominally independent South African bantustan) Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, UN member state Tunisia – Tunisian Republic, UN member state Turkey – Republic of Turkey, UN member state Tuvalu
U
Uganda – Republic of Uganda, UN member state Ukraine – Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member state (republic within the Soviet Union)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United Arab Emirates – UN member state United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UN member state United States – United States of America, UN member state Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay, UN member state
V
Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu, UN member state Vatican City – Vatican City State, Permanent observer at UN Venda – Republic of Venda (nominally independent South African bantustan) Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela, UN member state Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam, UN member state
W
Western Samoa - Independent State of Western Samoa, UN member state
Y
North Yemen – Yemen Arab Republic, UN member state South Yemen – People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, UN member state Yugoslavia – Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, UN member state
Z
Non-sovereign territories
Australia
Ashmore and Cartier Islands – The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Uninhabited external territory) Australian Antarctic Territory (Uninhabited external territory) Christmas Island – The Territory of Christmas Island (External territory) Cocos (Keeling) Islands – The Territory of the Cocos Islands (External territory) Coral Sea Islands – The Coral Sea Islands Territory (Uninhabited external territory) Heard Island and McDonald Islands – Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited external territory) Norfolk Island – Territory of Norfolk Island (External territory)
Denmark
Faroe Islands (Constituent country) Greenland (Constituent country)
Finland
Åland (Neutral and demilitarised region)
France
French Polynesia (Overseas territory), with Clipperton Island French Southern and Antarctic Lands – The Territory of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Overseas territory) Mayotte (Overseas territory) - New Caledonia (Overseas territory)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Overseas territory) - Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (Overseas territory), consisting of five uninhabited possessions:
- Bassas da India (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Europa Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Glorioso Islands (Disputed by Madagascar, Comoros and the Seychelles)
- Juan de Nova Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Tromelin Island (Disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
Wallis and Futuna – The Territory of the Wallis and Futuna (Overseas territory)
Greece
Mount Athos (Autonomous monastic state)
Netherlands
Aruba (Autonomous country) Netherlands Antilles (Autonomous country)
New Zealand
- Ross Dependency (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
Tokelau
Norway
- Bouvet Island
- Peter I Island (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
- Queen Maud Land (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
Portugal
United Kingdom
- Akrotiri and Dhekelia – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Dependent territory)
Anguilla (Dependent territory) Bermuda (Dependent territory) British Antarctic Territory (Dependent territory suspended under the Antarctic Treaty) British Indian Ocean Territory (Dependent territory disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles) British Virgin Islands (Dependent territory) Cayman Islands (Dependent territory) Falkland Islands (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina) Gibraltar (Dependent territory disputed by Spain) Hong Kong (Dependent territory disputed by China) Montserrat (Dependent territory) Pitcairn Islands (Dependent territory) Saint Helena (Dependent territory), with two dependencies: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina) Turks and Caicos Islands (Dependent territory) Guernsey – The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Crown dependency), with three dependencies: Isle of Man (Crown dependency) Jersey – The Bailiwick of Jersey (Crown dependency)
United States
American Samoa (Insular area including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau) Guam (Insular area) Northern Mariana Islands – The Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (Insular area) Puerto Rico – The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Insular area) United States Virgin Islands – Virgin Islands of the United States (Insular area) - Baker Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Howland Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Jarvis Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Johnston Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Kingman Reef (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Midway Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
- Navassa Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Haiti)
- Wake Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by the Marshall Islands)
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, consisting of one territory
Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
- Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.[1] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.[2]
Estonia was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, but the legality of the annexation was not widely recognized. The Baltic diplomatic services in the West continued to be recognised as representing the de jure state. Latvia was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, but the legality of the annexation was not widely recognized. The Baltic diplomatic services in the West continued to be recognised as representing the de jure state. Lithuania was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, but the legality of the annexation was not widely recognized. The Baltic diplomatic services in the West continued to be recognised as representing the de jure state. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was an entity claiming sovereignty. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.[3] The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." [4] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population. West Berlin was a political enclave that was closely aligned with – but not actually a part of – West Germany. It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France.
References
- ↑ Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005), "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean", in Von Tigerstrom, Barbara, International Law Issues in the South Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, p. 204, ISBN 0-7546-4419-7 "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
- ↑ CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica – accessed 19 January 2008
- ↑ Bilateral relations with countries Archived 2008-06-26 at the Wayback Machine., Retrieved 22 December 2009
- ↑ Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (12 January 1998). Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1 (PDF). Rome: Tipografia Arte della Stampa. p. 11.
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