List of sovereign states in 1990

Sovereign states by year
List of sovereign states in 1989 Events of 1990 List of sovereign states in 1991

Internationally recognized sovereign states

A

  • Afghanistan Afghanistan – Republic of Afghanistan, UN member state
  • Albania Albania – People's Socialist Republic of Albania, UN member state
  •  Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, UN member state
  •  Andorra – Principality of Andorra
  • Angola Angola – People's Republic of Angola, UN member state
  •  Antigua and Barbuda – UN member state
  •  Argentina – Argentine Republic, UN member state
  •  Australia – Commonwealth of Australia, UN member state
  •  Austria – Republic of Austria, UN member state

B

  •  The Bahamas – Commonwealth of the Bahamas, UN member state
  • Bahrain Bahrain – State of Bahrain, UN member state
  •  Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh, UN member state
  •  Barbados – UN member state
  •  Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium, UN member state
  •  Belize – UN member state

Benin →  Benin

  • People's Republic of Benin (to 1 March), UN member state
  • Republic of Benin (from 1 March), UN member state
  •  Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan, UN member state
  •  Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia, UN member state
  •  Bophuthatswana – Republic of Bophuthatswana (nominally independent South African bantustan)
  •  Botswana – Republic of Botswana, UN member state
  •  Bougainville – Republic of Bougainville (de facto independent state, from 17 May)
  •  Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil, UN member state
  •  Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace, UN member state

Bulgaria →  Bulgaria

Burma → Myanmar

  •  Burundi – Republic of Burundi, UN member state
  •  Byelorussia – Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member state (Republic within the Soviet Union)

C

Cambodia → Kampuchea

China, Republic of → Taiwan

  •  Ciskei – Republic of Ciskei (nominally independent South African bantustan)
  •  Colombia – Republic of Colombia, UN member state
  •  Comoros – Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, UN member state
  • Republic of the Congo Congo - People's Republic of Congo, UN member state

Congo, Democratic Republic of the → Zaire

Côte d'Ivoire → Ivory Coast

  •  Cuba – Republic of Cuba, UN member state
  •  Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus, UN member state

 Czechoslovakia

D

E

  • Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador, UN member state
  •  Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt, UN member state
  •  El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador, UN member state
  •  Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea, UN member state
  •  Ethiopia – People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, UN member state

F

 Fiji

  • Republic of Fiji (to 25 July), UN member state
  • Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji (from 25 July), UN member state
  •  Finland – Republic of Finland, UN member state
  •  France – French Republic, UN member state

G

  •  Gabon – Gabonese Republic, UN member state
  •  The Gambia – Republic of the Gambia, UN member state
  •  East Germany – German Democratic Republic (to 3 October)
  • West Germany – Federal Republic of Germany (to 3 October)
  •  Germany – Federal Republic of Germany (from 3 October)
  •  Ghana – Republic of Ghana, UN member state
  •  Greece – Hellenic Republic, UN member state
  •  Grenada – UN member state
  •  Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala, UN member state
  •  Guinea – Republic of Guinea, UN member state
  •  Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau, UN member state
  •  Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana, UN member state

H

  •  Haiti – Republic of Haiti, UN member state

Holy See → Vatican City

  •  Honduras – Republic of Honduras, UN member state
  •  Hungary – Republic of Hungary, UN member state

I

  •  Iceland – Republic of Iceland, UN member state
  •  India – Republic of India, UN member state
  •  Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia, UN member state
  •  Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran, UN member state
  •  Iraq – Iraqi Republic, UN member state
  •  Ireland – Republic of Ireland, UN member state
  •  Israel – State of Israel, UN member state (wasn't recognized by 21 UN member states)
  •  Italy – Italian Republic, UN member state
  •  Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, UN member state

J

  •  Jamaica – UN member state
  •  Japan – UN member state
  •  Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, UN member state

K

Cambodia → Cambodia Democratic Kampuchea / Cambodia

  • Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (to 3 February), UN member state
  • National Government of Cambodia (from 3 February), UN member state
  •  Kenya – Republic of Kenya, UN member state
  •  Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati
  • North Korea North Korea – Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (was not recognized by 4 UN member states)
  • South Korea South Korea – Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (was not recognized by 3 UN member states at greatest extent)
  •  Kuwait – State of Kuwait (to 8 August), UN member state

L

  •  Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic, UN member state
  •  Lebanon – Lebanese Republic, UN member state
  •  Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho, UN member state
  •  Liberia – Republic of Liberia, UN member state
  • Libya Libya – Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, UN member state
  •  Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein, UN member state from 18 September
  •  Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania (from 11 March, de facto independent state)
  •  Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, UN member state

M

 Mozambique

N

  •  Namibia – Republic of Namibia (from 21 March), UN member state
  •  Nauru – Republic of Nauru, UN member state
  • Nepal Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal, UN member state
  •  Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands, UN member state
  •  New Zealand – UN member state
  •  Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua, UN member state
  •  Niger – Republic of Niger, UN member state
  •  Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria, UN member state
  •  Niue (A state in free association with New Zealand)
  •  Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (partially recognized de facto independent state)
  •  Norway – Kingdom of Norway, UN member state

O

  •  Oman – Sultanate of Oman, UN member state

P

  •  Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan, UN member state
  •  Palestine – State of Palestine (Disputed region consisting of three occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem)
  •  Panama – Republic of Panama, UN member state
  •  Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea, UN member state
  • Paraguay  Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay, UN member state
  •  Peru – Republic of Peru, UN member state
  •  Philippines – Republic of the Philippines, UN member state
  •  Poland – Republic of Poland, UN member state
  •  Portugal – Portuguese Republic, UN member state

Q

  •  Qatar – State of Qatar, UN member state

R

  •  Romania – UN member state
  •  Russia – Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (from 12 June, de facto independent sovereign state, Republic within the Soviet Union)
  •  Rwanda – Rwandese Republic, UN member state

S

Samoa → Western Samoa

  •  San Marino – Republic of San Marino
  •  São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, UN member state
  •  Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UN member state
  •  Senegal – Republic of Senegal, UN member state
  •  Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles, UN member state
  •  Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone, UN member state
  •  Singapore – Republic of Singapore, UN member state
  •  Solomon Islands - UN member state
  • Somalia Somalia – Somali Democratic Republic, UN member state
  •  South Africa – Republic of South Africa, UN member state
  •  Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UN member state
  •  Spain – Kingdom of Spain, UN member state
  •  Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, UN member state
  •  Sudan – Republic of the Sudan, UN member state
  •  Suriname – Republic of Suriname, UN member state
  •  Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland, UN member state
  •  Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden, UN member state
  •   Switzerland – Swiss Confederation, Permanent observer at UN
  •  Syria – Syrian Arab Republic, UN member state

T

  •  Taiwan – Republic of China (partially-recognized de facto independent state)
  •  Tamil Eelam (unrecognized de facto self-governing entity)
  •  Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania, UN member state
  •  Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand, UN member state
  •  Togo – Togolese Republic, UN member state
  •  Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga, UN member state
  •  Transkei – Republic of Transkei (nominally independent South African bantustan)
  •  Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, UN member state
  •  Tunisia – Tunisian Republic, UN member state
  •  Turkey – Republic of Turkey, UN member state
  • Tuvalu

U

  •  Uganda – Republic of Uganda, UN member state
  •  Ukraine – Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member state (Republic within the Soviet Union)
  •  United Arab Emirates – UN member state
  •  United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UN member state
  •  United States – United States of America, UN member state
  •  Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay, UN member state

USSR → Soviet Union

V

  •  Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu, UN member state
  •   Vatican City – Vatican City State, Permanent observer at UN
  •  Venda – Republic of Venda (nominally independent South African bantustan)
  •  Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela, UN member state
  •  Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam, UN member state

W

  •  Western Samoa – Independent State of Western Samoa, UN member state

Y

  •  Yemen – Republic of Yemen (from 22 May), UN member state
  •  North Yemen – Yemen Arab Republic (to 22 May), UN member state
  •  South Yemen – People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (to 22 May), UN member state
  •  Yugoslavia – Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, UN member state

Z

  •  Zaire – Republic of Zaire, UN member state
  • Zambia – Republic of Zambia, UN member state
  •  Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe, UN member state

Non-sovereign territories

Australia

Denmark

Finland

  • Åland Islands Åland (Neutral and demilitarised region)

France

Greece

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Portugal

United Kingdom

United States

Other states

  •  Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.[1] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.[2]
  •  Estonia was administered as a part of the Soviet Union, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Estonia, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
  •  Latvia was administered as a part of the Soviet Union, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Latvia, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
  •  Lithuania was administered as a part of the Soviet Union until this year, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Lithuania, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
  • Sovereign Military Order of Malta The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was an entity claiming sovereignty. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.[3] The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." [4] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population..
  • Berlin West Berlin was a political enclave that was closely aligned with – but not actually a part of – West Germany. It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. West Berlin was incorporated into the reunified Germany on 3 October.

References

  1. ↑ Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005), "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean", in Von Tigerstrom, Barbara, International Law Issues in the South Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, p. 204, ISBN 0-7546-4419-7 "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
  2. ↑ CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica – accessed 19 January 2008
  3. ↑ Bilateral relations with countries Archived 2015-12-03 at the Wayback Machine., Retrieved 2011-12-22
  4. ↑ Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (1998-01-12). Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1 (PDF). Rome: Tipografia Arte della Stampa. p. 11.
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